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Clear Solar Panels Double As Projection Screens

Posted by timothy on Sat Aug 07, 2004 08:07 PM
from the multipass dept.
EnergyEfficient writes "Metropolis Magazine has an article about a company that is producing transparent solar panels. The panels 'can generate 3.8 watts of electricity per square foot, an above-average level of efficiency.' They come in a thick version that can be used for glazing buildings. Imagine if all those glass skyscrapers could also produce power! As an interesting aside, they can also be used as screens for projection TV units."
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  • by DannyiMac (216056) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:10PM (#9911140) Homepage
    Wonder if they are more efficient than the solar panels mentioned in a previous /. story?
    • by MrChuck (14227) on Sunday August 08 2004, @12:46AM (#9912026)
      They say "PV-TV can generate 3.8 watts of electricity per square foot, an above-average level of efficiency"

      I gotta look at my 165 W sharps which are about 8sq feet and wonder at that. But my panels are not clear. Which is a plus as the also shade the roof and make that part of the house cooler. (if only they had 1/2" pipes wired under them so I could water cool them and run the warmed water into a tank).

      And yes, the windows are mounted vertically. In math, that's at 90 degrees.

      The ideal mounting angle is your latitude (eg the Bay Area and DC are around 37 degrees).

      So these will be most efficient at Sunrise/Sunset. When the sun is at its weakest (lots of atmosphere to get through).

      On the other hand, if they are good projection screens, you aim your projector at it, that causes it to generate power which you can use to plug the projector into!! Perpetual energy!!!
      or something.

      Bottom line:
      If they work and don't cost a lot more than regular windows (such that in 10 years they save more in power costs than they cost), then great!

      If every house with a decent roof exposure between 10 and 3 has even 4 solar panels on and generated even 20% of their own power, and there was enough to knock 5% of power use down in our country (world?), then it's a win.

      There's no need to "go off grid" and raise your own goats for food and knit you're own underwear to use solar.

      (Now, if you switch from CRT to LCD, you save having to buy $500 of solar panels...)

  • Cool! (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Zorilla (791636) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:12PM (#9911148)
    It's nice to see that projection technology will be getting cheaper, what with the integrated solar panels and all. Wait, how much do the super-efficient panels cost? Oops...
    • If you are getting the building cladding as well as the PV units in the one unit, the cost equation looks even better. I don't know what normal 13mm glass might cost, but figure it is fairly expensive in itself. The TCO of these things might not be that bad after all?
    • Re:Cool! (Score:5, Informative)

      by NanoGator (522640) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:46PM (#9911275) Homepage Journal
      " Wait, how much do the super-efficient panels cost? Oops..."

      A.) Prices will go down if these things take off.

      B.) Think of how much cheaper the electric bill will be. (Also consider how much more regular it has the potential to be.)

      C.) Imagine if an ill-timed power outage wouldn't necessarily mean the building was affected.

      I imagine once somebody sits down with a calculator and thinks out 5 to 10 years, the cost will end up being quite competitive AND they get bonus features to boot.

      Just because something starts out at a high price doesn't always mean the value's not there, or that the price will always stay that way. The main reason I'm replying is not so much because of your particular comment, but because I've seen a great deal of sticker-shock on Slashdot without understanding some of these basic things about how technology economics works.
  • Brainstorm (Score:5, Funny)

    by DoraLives (622001) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:15PM (#9911157)
    "I know, we'll make a solar panel that lets the light just go right through it! What a great idea!
    • No Dumbass (Score:5, Funny)

      by pHatidic (163975) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:28PM (#9911212) Homepage
      The point is that you can use it with projector TVs. The light from the projector creates the power to run the projector, duh! I'm running over to walmart to buy one for my for my fan powered sailboat right now.
  • by gtoomey (528943) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:15PM (#9911160)
    This amorphous silicon technology has a three-in-one functionality: it is able to act as a glazing element, solar panel, and video display screen.
    Those Japanese think of everything - a video screen that generates it own power & keeps the rain out!
  • by DaveInAustin (549058) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:16PM (#9911162) Homepage
    And how much energy does it take to produce a single square foot. There is a basic falicy that a lot of folks seem to miss. Like the fact that you burn more oil to create an equivianent amount of ethanol from corn. There is a study [cornell.edu] at cornell that shows this. The same thing holds for all current forms of solar energy. While it will no double have niche applications, it's not going to release the world from dependence on oil, even if we could plater all the skyscrapers of the world with it.
    • by moonbender (547943) <moonbender@@@gmail...com> on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:24PM (#9911199)
      And how much energy does it take to produce a single square foot.

      Actually, the question should probably be: How much energy does it take to produce a square foot compared to a square foot of glass? But the question probably isn't even relevant, I'm sure the price will be prohibitive anyway, at least for mass adoption. In general, you're right, of course: this "ecological backpack" is an important issue the public really isn't aware of.
      • by Jahf (21968) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:49PM (#9911288) Journal
        The evaluation requires multiple points before you can determine worth:

        1) How much does it cost to produce a square foot of this solar panel?

        2) Same question as #1 for the glass that would be used normally?

        3) How much energy will this solar panel -leak- over the expected life span of the installation?

        4) Same as #3 for regular glass?

        5) What is the energy gained by the solar collection process?

        6) After all factors considered, is the cost of the solar panel compared to regular glass over the lifespan of both higher (bad) or lower (good)?

        Illustration (all assumptions):

        * Assume the installation has an expected life span of 10 years (I would hope the lifespan of skyscraper glass would be more like 40-50 years or more, but that is a pain to calculate).

        * Assume that the glass installation costs $1,000 (we're talking a big piece of skyscraper glass here, ok?)

        * Assume solar panel costs 10x the normal glass installation, $10,000

        * Assume that each year the regular glass will cost 1/2 again the initial cost in energy loss (probably a pretty drastic assumption but it makes things easy) ... $500/year

        * Assume that each year the solar glass will net 1/2 again the initial cost of -regular- glass each year (another drastic assumption) ... $500/year ... that net meaning that it paid for the energy lost through it and had dividend above that mark (ok, so extremely drastic)

        Factored together, after 10 years the regular glass net cost was $6,000 whereas the solar glass net cost was $5,000 (and also helped subsidize the cost, making future installations less costly).

        Of course, being assumptions you could easily make an example where the reverse was true and the solar glass was more expensive over 10 years (again, hoping that 10 years is a small chunk of the real installation).

        My point is pretty small for all of the above ... that ecological costing is actually fairly complex and is why the public often doesn't "get it". Maybe we need to go to the utility model for things such as this as well. That is only partial sarcasm, BTW, it could actually make a lot of sense to figure out a model whereby such things could be scaled out over time so that the initial aquisition was not prohibitive.

        • Don't forget to put in discount factors for future costs of electricity, growing demands on the local grid from other development, and utility of having an independent power source in the event of generation plant or transmission line failure.
    • by irokitt (663593) <{archimandrites-iaur} {at} {yahoo.com}> on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:34PM (#9911233)
      But there is something. If solar panels could have a lifetime of about 20-30 years of use (right now you'd be lucky to get the things to last 5 years without breaking), then that momentary expenditure of oil will more than pay for itself. It would be better to spend that oil on making efficient solar panels than to burn it in an SUV. No, we're not there yet and we're probably a good decade off, but the only way to improve this is to keep refining the fabrication process.

      Solar is attractive because it isn't seasonal (unlike hydroelectric, which is only available during a portion of the year and is usually unavailable during the time we need it most, summer). Solar is unsightly and takes up a lot of real estate, which makes local environmental lobbyists pissed, but where I live (Southern California), it makes sense because we have a perfectly good desert nearby and placing a solar panel farm out there is simple Trying to place one in downtown Chicago is made easier by the panels in this story, since they could be incorporated into most buildings that have a modern, glass-heavy look. But the problem there is that Chicago and many other urban cities don't get nearly enough sunlight to make a panel farm efficient, just like most most areas don't get enough wind to make a propellor farm efficient. Better panels may come along, but there will always be cities that have to rely on other forms of power (nuclear comes to mind, and maybe someday we'll get fission to work-bring on the Duke Nukem Forever jokes).

      As for corn ethanol, not only is it wasteful of energy, it's typically more expensive than your average gallon of gas here in the United States. Have to agree with you there.

      The trick is that you have to look at solar from a few angles. It isn't a cure all for our energy problems, but it has more than just a few 'niche' applications and it could help make a serious contribution once the technology has matured.

      Wow, did I really write all of that?
      • by Jeremi (14640) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:15PM (#9911374) Homepage
        If solar panels could have a lifetime of about 20-30 years of use (right now you'd
        be lucky to get the things to last 5 years without breaking), then that momentary expenditure of oil will more than pay for itself.


        Um, solar panels do in fact last that 20-30 years. [solarbuzz.com]

        • Alright dude, but at the farms out here about 5 years is a good number, since these things are typically made of glass and, *surprise*, glass breaks. Last time I drove by a farm (about 5 weeks ago) about a third of the panels were broken-either from punks throwing rocks or just whatever. Just fragile, and that can be a pretty bad thing in the desert.
      • by Jardine (398197) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:23PM (#9911399) Homepage
        Solar is attractive because it isn't seasonal (unlike hydroelectric, which is only available during a portion of the year and is usually unavailable during the time we need it most, summer)

        Kind of the opposite here in Ontario. The length of time the sun is out changes a lot. On June 20th of this year, the sun rose at 5:45am and set at 9:07pm (at my location of course). On December 20th of this year, the sun will rise at 7:52am and set at 4:52pm. The further north you go, the more drastic the changes.

        Solar power should work out reasonably well even with those changes in daylight hours because peak electric use is during the summer where the most power is used.

        Why is hydroelectric generation seasonal? It's my understanding that most of our hydro is generated using dams. Some is generated on rivers such as the Niagara River. Do your rivers dry up in the summer or something?
    • by GileadGreene (539584) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:43PM (#9911262) Homepage
      The fallacy that you refer to doesn't apply to solar panels in quite the same way as it does to ethanol. The question needs to be something more like "what is the ratio of (power produced per sq ft)*(lifetime of a sq ft)/(energy required to create square foot)?" So long as that ratio is greater than 1 there will be a net gain in energy.
    • The same thing holds for all current forms of solar energy.

      Not true. Both hydroelectric and wind are basically solar-powered. And neither of those have much in the way of a set lifetime, nor do they take large amounts of energy to develop.

      There are also solar powerplants that use large arrays of mirrors to boil water into steam and run turbines. Again, I don't see these having any specific lifetime so there isn't any cost of recreation, just maintenance (which should be small)

      As far as I know, it's basi
    • by bear_phillips (165929) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:11PM (#9911353) Homepage
      Either you are misinformed or you just like to spread FUD. According to the Department of Energy [energy.gov] Studies have shown that, depending on the type of PV technology, the clean energy payback of a PV system ranges from one to four years.

      As for ethanol, I will raise you Cornell study with this one from the USDA [usda.gov] which seems to say that ethanol is energy positive.

      • USDA Study? (Score:4, Informative)

        by mr_zorg (259994) on Sunday August 08 2004, @02:15AM (#9912175) Homepage
        ...this one from the USDA which seems to say that ethanol is energy positive.

        Not that I'm a consipracy theorist or anything, but of course it does. That is the US Department of Agriculture after all. And we're talking about what? Corn ethanol? Hmm, corn is an agricultural crop.

        Now, take a look at the first two bullet items from their mission statement [usda.gov]:

        • Expand markets for agricultural products and support international economic development;
        • Further develop alternative markets for agricultural products and activities;

        Do you honestly think they'd ruin a perfectly good opportunity for one of the largest food crops in the US by speaking badly of corn derived ethanol? Please...

    • by Jeremi (14640) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:12PM (#9911354) Homepage
      Congratulations, you've discovered the second law of thermodynamics!


      You know what will release the world from dependence on oil? The oil running out. The only question is, will the replacement energy technology be ready by then, or will we be caught unprepared and reduced to Mad Max style barbarism for a few centuries?

    • Good point - however, most countries do not produce all of their energy with fossil fuels. Japan's electricity production is about 30% nuclear (the U.S. is running about 20%). Also, with something like this, you have to look at the marginal energy budget. Many buildings are already faced with glass which is an energy intensive material to make. The additional energy input needed to make these generate power is what needs to be compared against their output, not the total power to make the panels.
    • by ikeleib (125180) on Sunday August 08 2004, @12:02AM (#9911930) Homepage

      And how much energy does it take to produce a single square foot. There is a basic falicy that a lot of folks seem to miss ... The same thing holds for all current forms of solar energy.

      Actually, this is a basic falacy that you have missed. While what you say is true for ethanol, it is not true for modern photovoltaics (and hasn't been for some time). [nrel.gov] As for photothermal, you are also dead wrong. [ecovillage.org]

  • Fantastic (Score:5, Interesting)

    by bigberk (547360) <bigberk@users.pc9.org> on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:28PM (#9911213)
    There are lots of interesting things that could be done to produce more ecologically friendly buildings.

    The first is simply to make more efficient use of natural light! I stayed for a week in a new residence building at The University of East Anglia [uea.ac.uk] (Norwich, UK) and the building really intrigued me. It had hollow lighting columns running up to the top of the building, despite being a rather tall apartment. So there was natural light from the top reaching all floors. That definitely saves lighting costs.

    So with approaches like that (using natural light as much as you can) coupled with clear solar panels, you could both use natural lighting and collect power for electrical lighting later on. Improve actual lighting with high-efficiency (85% +) white LEDs (last forever) or high efficiency fluorescents, and you've got one amazing power-efficient building.

    The problem is that these supplies -- solar panels, white LEDs have large initial costs. As these costs come down we'll see lots of nice new interiors. I can only expect such things to become more common as people actually realized they're screwed for cheap power.
  • by Jack_Frost (28997) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:33PM (#9911227)
    Let's take a super-skyscraper, assuming a 200' square base that's as high as the Sears tower (roughly 1450' to the roof top). Assuming the building maintains its rectangular cross section from the ground to the top gives us an area of 1.16 million square feet which would generate ~4.4 megwatts of electricity, which is a lot of electricity.

    The article calls out a price of $45 per square foot, making the solar panels for such a building cost about $52 million dollars. Surprisingly cheap for that much electrical capacity, though the usage factor would be pretty low, what with it being dark at night and all.
    • For comparison purposes a typical power plant will produce on the order of 1000 Megawatts (some are more, some are less but that's a good ballpark). Such a solar panel clad building would produce a fair amount of electricity for a solar application, but it's still a miniscule amount compared to the power demands of even a small city.
      • by Dausha (546002) on Saturday August 07 2004, @11:49PM (#9911893) Homepage
        While it may be miniscule for a city, would a Sears Tower application, generating 4.2 Megawats, be able to power the building itself? I wonder what the average consumption of the Sears Tower is?

        Of the Gigawatt produced by a power plant, how much of it is lost to power transmission? I mean, if these powerplant-esque high rises are closer to the point of consumption, aren't they a tad more efficient than the traditional at-a-distance power plants?
    • by ikeleib (125180) on Sunday August 08 2004, @12:17AM (#9911974) Homepage
      Do all four sides of the sears tower get direct sunlight? How many hours of full sunlight? The generating numbers for photovoltaic panels are always full sunlight output. Notice in the article how only the top and one side (the south side in the nothern hemisphere) is clad. Aiming photovoltaics east or west or north is not cost effective.
    • It's probably not very realistic to calculate as if the sun is shining straigth-on on all 4 sides of a skyscraper at once...

      • So you can build 13 similarly powered coal powerplants for the cost of one solar panel mounted to the Sears Tower

        It might take $900k/megawatt to build a coal fired power plant, but once built you still have to sustain it. Its costs will continue for the life of the power plant. Once you put solar panels onto a building, aside from a little light maintenance (har har) it's a one-time cost.

        Aside from economical benefits, it's also more accessible and conveniant to be hooked up to power from your own building -- there nothing much short of a true disaster that would knock out your power. Being off the grid can be a very good thing.

        And of course, factor in the environmental impact. How much coal do we really have left in the world? It takes nearly 100 tons of prehistoric plant matter to create a single gallon of gasoline. I don't know how much prehistoric life goes into coal, but how about let's just not waste it in the first place?
  • Ummm... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Linguica (144978) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:34PM (#9911229)
    "producing transparent solar panels."

    "As an external glaze, PV-TV allows up to 10% visible light to be transmitted through the panel."

    transparent Audio pronunciation of "transparent" ( P ) Pronunciation Key (trns-pârnt, -pr-)
    adj.

    1. Capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material. See Synonyms at clear.
    • Re:Ummm... (Score:4, Informative)

      by wowbagger (69688) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:25PM (#9911403) Homepage Journal
      Consider the window film that reduces the amount of light passing through a window, but allows for a clear image through the glass. That is "transparent", even though it is not passing all the light.

      "Translucent" means that while some qunatity of light is allowed to pass, no meaningful image passes.

      So it is possible to be both transparent and yet block some of the light - and for an example look no furthur than your sunglasses.
  • Gee, imagine what they could do with OPAQUE ones!

  • by mark-t (151149) <markt@lynx.bc . c a> on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:44PM (#9911265) Journal
    Directly overhead, bright sunlight?

    Bright sunlight, regardless of angle?

    Diffused light on a cloudy day?

    In outer space, facing the sun?

    They say absolutely nothing about the preconditions that are necessary to produce that 3.8 watts... and it's simply not possible for it to produce the same output regardless of its environment.

  • Um.... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by RobL3 (126711) on Saturday August 07 2004, @08:46PM (#9911279)
    Has anybody considered that most skyscrapers are surrounded by -other- skyscrapers? Kind of cuts down on the whole direct sunlight thing......
  • Mega-whats? (Score:5, Informative)

    by KFury (19522) * on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:20PM (#9911390) Homepage
    The article states that the factory where the glass is made is also the largest user of the glass:

    The factory is now the world's largest single PV module plant, producing 100 megawatts of energy annually.

    A megawatt isn't a unit of energy, it's a rate of transfer. Do they mean that it produces a continuous flow of 100 megawatts? If so, they would have to have 604 acres of glass [google.com] (2.4 million of their 1m^2 panels). Of course you need to double that number because they're only collecting power half the day (generously assuming they're at peak output during all daylight hours)

    On the other hand, if they're talking about generating 100 megawatt hours over the course of a year, then the plant is generating about 11,000 watts, or enough for about 10 average homes. By those numbers they'd have about 600 panels [google.com]. That's a lot more reasonable.
  • by fireman sam (662213) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:22PM (#9911394) Homepage Journal
    Are you saying that ALL computers, including the Linux boxes will be powered by Windows.

    Arrrrgggghhhhhhh

  • Above average? (Score:5, Informative)

    by certsoft (442059) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:58PM (#9911514) Homepage
    3.8 watts of electricity per square foot, an above-average level of efficiency

    My Kyocera KC120 panels produce 12 watts per square foot, 3.8 doesn't sound above average to me.

  • Something is bogus (Score:5, Informative)

    by laing (303349) on Saturday August 07 2004, @10:04PM (#9911530)
    3.8 Watts per square foot is a joke. Your average silicon panel (~10% conversion efficiency) is 4 times more efficient. Triple junction panels are 3 times better than that.

    http://jsl.com/solar
  • Ah, I see (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ttfkam (37064) on Saturday August 07 2004, @11:58PM (#9911920) Homepage Journal
    At first, I read it as 3.8kW and said, "Hunh? That's more than the Solar Constant, 1.367kW per square meter." Then I reread it and saw that it was simply 3.8W. This sounded much more reasonable... and small.

    This means that a 60W light bulb would need almost 16 square feet to function. Well, that of course is a reason to move to compact flourescents or LED light bulbs. But my computer takes up a bit of power. So does a refridgerator. So does a washer/dryer.

    Let's say that it is a television. What's the equivalent of a square foot display (asuming a 5:4 ratio)? About 13"? Can a 13" LCD display work with 3.8W of power? (I don't know. That's why I'm asking.)

    I'm not questioning whether it can give power. I'm questioning whether it can give sufficient power to offset the price. Or would the money be better spent elsewhere in green technologies to reduce the actual draw from the grid?
  • just cause (Score:4, Funny)

    by slartibarfast (786675) on Sunday August 08 2004, @01:32AM (#9912114)
    Why don't we just install a "Spaceballs" style solar glass enclosure around the earth at 26000 miles from the center? Just high enough to keep the geostationary satellites inside (wouldn't want to lose our tv). The surface area should be about.

    131,657,416,704,000,000 sq/ft

    and cost

    $5,924,583,751,680,000,000

    in raw materials (maybe we could get a bulk discount)
    we should also try to cash in on a "free installation"

    The output of such a sphere would be

    500,298,183,475,200,000 watts continuous

    Or (for sake of easier calculation in an already complicated process) if only half of the sphere received light at any given time

    250,149,091,737,600,000 watts continuous
    250,149,091,737.6 kW continuous
    250.15 Petawatt continuous

    Power demand in 2002 for the entire world
    13,747,393,531.8 kW continuous
    0.0137474 Petawatt continuous

    sure every living thing on earth would probably die and we would enter a perpetual ice age from the lack of light and heat but, you could throw away the sunscreen and with all that extra energy maybe we could string up some halogens or something along the inside! We could also sell advertising space on it.

    All conversions made with http://www.onlineconversion.com/ [onlineconversion.com]
    Power consumption data from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/total.ht ml#IntlConsumption [doe.gov]
    Geostationary orbit data from how http://octopus.gma.org/surfing/imaging/howhigh.htm l [gma.org]
    Radius of the earth from http://www.page.sannet.ne.jp/ikenoue/e-mode/earth. html [sannet.ne.jp] (seems accurate)
    Output and cost from RFTA

    If you think that my math is wrong then check and let me know, too tired to think anymore.

    • by NanoGator (522640) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:01PM (#9911320) Homepage Journal
      "Is $19 million worth of glass really what you would want to get?"

      Depends, you have to ask more questions:

      1.) How much does the ordinary glass cost?

      2.) How much electricity is generated? How much would this reduce the yearly bill?

      3.) How much would/could electric prices rise?

      4.) How long do these panels last?

      5.) What other benefits are you buying? (I.e. is there resistance to power failures? Those in Cali during the rolling blackouts would appreciate that....)

      6.) How does this compare to the cost of the rest of the building?

      7.) Is running on solar power going to be attractive to tenants?
    • by PabloJones (456560) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:02PM (#9911324) Homepage
      $19 million, plus the cost of the mountings, and whatever system they use to wire together the glass and harvest the electricity.

      On an unrelated note, the Aon Center (formerly the Amoco/Standard Oil Bldg) in Chicago was originally clad in white marble. Years later, the climate softened the marble and bits of it began to fall off. So they re-clad the entire building with granite in the '90s, which ended up costing them more than the original price of the building. At least the electricity-producing glass could alleviate the utility costs of the building, but who knows how long it would take until the glass ended up paying for itself.

      However, if it turned out that the glass turned out to be inferior to normal glass (visibility, thermal properties, etc), then the owners would have to go through the costly process of replacing it with regular glass.
    • by ImTwoSlick (723185) on Saturday August 07 2004, @09:47PM (#9911479)
      Don't forget that the sun won't hit all 4 sides of the bulding. With the angle of incomming light, and the position of the sun during the day/season, you'd be lucky to get even a third of your calculated total electricity produced.