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DARPA Contracts For AI Technology

Posted by timothy on Tue Feb 01, 2005 09:14 PM
from the that-darn-skynet-is-already-late dept.
heptapod writes "USA Today is reporting that DARPA has contracted two professors from RPI to develop artificial intelligences that can learn by reading and understanding natural language. Interesting taking DARPA's Grand Challenge into account. Mentioned in the article is Cycorp, Inc. which has been pursuing this goal since 1994!"
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  • First Turing! (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Tackhead (54550) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:17PM (#11547082)
    > artificial intelligences that can learn by reading and understanding natural language.

    "First passing of the Turing test!"

  • by cyberkahn (398201) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:17PM (#11547083) Homepage


    DARPA announced today the funding for Skynet.

    • by Anonymous Coward
      Yeah, I heard they contracted Google to build it...
    • ..I mean, they'd never use this technology in meat eating robots [cnn.com]..

      ..right???
    • There was one thing I never understood from the plot of Terminator 3.

      Skynet acted like a virus and operated over the internet by turning all the computers in the world into a huge cluster.

      At the end of the movie, skynet blows the world to smithereens, but somehow still continues to function despite undoubtedly nuking a huge proportion of it's own computational infrastructure!
    • by MeanGene (17515) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:39PM (#11547494)
      In Year 2005 DARPA announces 1-year funding for SkyNet
      In Year 2006 DARPA grants a 2-year extension
      In Year 2008 SkyNet learns reading and writing Esperanto (because English is too hard)
      By Year 2010 US military switches to Esperanto for all of its communications, SkyNet replaces Joint Chiefs of Staff

      In Year 2011 SkyNet becomes self-aware and switches to Chinese...
  • CycCorp (Score:2, Informative)

    What they are doing is very interesting. By compiling the majority of human knowledge into a gian database, it should make AI development much easier to pursue.
        • Their model is very flawed and so is the neural net model that a lot of AI books like to preach. They are not the key to true AI, sure enough CycCorp and neural net can be used to design systems that are "intelligent" in specialized area. But to build a system that can achieve general intelligence in all areas? Nope! I am not a skeptic, I know it can be done, not just how they are doing it.

          • I dunno, but to me it seems like there are two different ways to go about this.

            One is the way that CycCorp is going which is to create a giant knowledgebase and feed the AI tons and tons of data. Eventually just by the fact that is has so much data, it can become semi intelligent.

            Another way, would probablly be to actually have the AI interact with the enviroment and learn by doing. Even in this case though, it would still be preferable for the AI to have a knowledgebase it could look into to find gene
            • What is this "semi intelligent" that you talk about? Will someone with a down syndrome or somewhat mentally retarded be considered semi intelligent? How about animals? How smart do you expert someone that is mentally retarded or a dog to learn?

              Sure, the knowledge base of Cyc might be somewhat useful, but in the equation to achieve true AI, if it plays a role, it's going to be less than 1% Having, looked at their knowledge base and how they describe their rules, they do not capture common sense! Amusi
                    • Re:CycCorp (Score:3, Interesting)

                      Why are you bringing evolutionary theory in to the discussion?

                      Your assumption that my hypothesis is god related is fallacious.

                      We evolved from single celled organism who's actions are ruled by the laws of chemistry and physics.

                      You also assume that the laws of chemistry and physics are all knowable through the human senses and via our conduits, the machina.

                      It is this assuption that I suggest is wrong.

                      Your use of evolution is interesting. You are trying to suggest that all the sense we have evolved to l
            • <i>For example, say you want to be intelligent about nuclear reactors. You have two choices:

              - You could build a nuclear reactor
              - You could also read up a lot of information on nuclear reactors</i>

              Okay, so we either ask an artificial intelligence to build us a nuclear reactor (presumably after giving it materials, robots to work with etc) or we send it to Wikipedia to learn about reactors.

              I don't know which is more frightening.
              • if you are going to attempt to pretend to be me, do it right. notice that I signed my anonymous post with my slashdot id, i had to think of my password for a quick minute. :D
  • This is AI? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by KSobby (833882) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:23PM (#11547116)
    Teaching a machine to read a text book and answer questions doesn't necessarily mean cognitive reasoning. It's just a new form of input/output. Ask it to write an essay with a definative argument and solid conclusion based on the material read would impress me, not regurgitating facts and figures found in a book.
    • answering some questions that requires thinking involves cognitive reasoning. If answering questions doesn't involve cognitive reasons, we will not be answering questions in schools, we will be writing essays for every class.
        • text recognition algorithms? how does your brain do it? you call it reasoning. i personal don't care, it's not the process that determines intelligence but the results. if this computer utilizes whatever text recoginition algorithm and can accurately answer questions as the average person, it's intelligent.
    • AI has always "failed" because every time it's succeeded, the problem it succeeded on has been retroactively defined to "not require intelligence". Cf. automated theorem proving, chess playing, control of chemical plants, and just about any other AI success of 1940s - present.
    • Re:This is AI? (Score:5, Interesting)

      by NanoGator (522640) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:04PM (#11547318) Homepage Journal
      "Can a machine create a syphany or comopse a masterpiece?"

      "Can you?"
      • Re:This is AI? (Score:5, Interesting)

        by bill_mcgonigle (4333) * on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:51PM (#11547556) Homepage Journal
        Actually there was a digital music symposium in the early 90's where a (IIRC) Bach composer was demonstrated. They fed a neural network all the Bach pieces digitally and let it learn from the patterns. Then they set it to composing and it came out with a 5-minute piece that sounded remarkably like Bach. (I'm sure I'm oversimplifying) There was resounding applause for the demo.

        At the end of the talk people were standing around talking to the author of the system when a wirey dark-haired man with beady glasses and an eastern european accent came up to him and shouted, "You've killed Music!" - and clocked the guy, laying him straight out.

        Not everybody is going to handle AI well.
      • "Can a machine create a syphany or comopse a masterpiece?"

        "Can you?"

        I can and I have.

        Hard AI is bullshit. What's happening is this: they know they can't really make a machine think, so they're changing the definitions of thought - lowering the bar, as it were - so they can declare themselves victorious, and all publish their dorky papers and get tenure.

        Losers. The lot of them.

        RS

    • Teaching a machine to read a text book and answer questions doesn't necessarily mean cognitive reasoning. It's just a new form of input/output.

      Parsing post

      Teaching

      [Teaching] - one lexical interpretation: gerund form of "to teach". Part of speech? Unambiguous. Noun. Word sense of Teach? Options: accessing Wordnet... 2 verb senses found... must choose between: v 1: impart skills or knowledge to; "I taught them French"; "He instructed me in building a boat" [syn: learn, instruct] 2: accustom g
  • This AI and natural language thing gives ne deja-vue

    Maybe a start of Prolog version 2. Or an excuse to spend money.

  • Don't Worry (Score:4, Funny)

    by djroute66 (43321) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:25PM (#11547121)
    I have enough dynamite to blow up 10 super-computers!!!
  • I don't think we have yet an AI capable of reading and understanding text... so learning from it si far fetched. Except if they say "learning" in the "accumulate lots of data" way, not unlike Google crawling bot, I guess.

    I can't wait for real AI tough. I soooo want a Teddy like in A.I. (the movie)!
    • I can't wait for real AI tough. I soooo want a Teddy like in A.I. (the movie)!

      Yeah, but the rest of us Slashdotters are a little more mature than that. We want something more akin to a Marilyn Monroe-bot like in Futurama (the cartoon)!

  • What about... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by helioquake (841463) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:27PM (#11547139) Journal
    ...artificial intelligences that can learn by reading and understanding natural language...

    OK, but can it learn from mistakes?
    • how can you define intelligence without learning from mistakes? it is the ability to learn from mistakes or adapt to changes that makes us intelligent. mimicry/repetition of events is not intelligence.
  • by NZheretic (23872) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:29PM (#11547147) Homepage Journal
    OpenCYC.org [opencyc.org] project Sourceforge CVS [sourceforge.net] repository has not beent updated since October 22nd 2003. I hope some of that DARPA money will go a little way towards completeting the 1.0 release.
  • darpa.mil Blocked! (Score:4, Informative)

    by Blaskowicz (634489) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:32PM (#11547161)
    as you know we non americans cannot access darpa.mil
    If something is kind enough to give us a mirror to the "Great Challenge", kudos to him :)

    Or else I'll go through a US proxy. Not a big task, it's just annoying, I'll do that later.. grab an anonymous US proxy on www.proxy4free.com , enter the crap in your browser and enjoy the slowness. Maybe I'll use switch proxy [nettripper.com] this time :)
    • This comment isn't Informative. It's either mistaken or a liar. That or he's in a country that is actively blocked. UK and Australia can access the site just fine.
  • But: (Score:4, Funny)

    by Lost Penguin (636359) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:34PM (#11547177) Homepage
    Can it read books on AI; and then design a better, smarter AI?
  • There was an article that hit the New York times back in the fall of 2004 mentioning Professor Bringsjord and having a computer program write fiction. Perhaps this is to better write stories for elected officials to tell?
  • Artificial? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by ScentCone (795499) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:39PM (#11547208)
    For all of the thousands of times I've read the phrase "artificial intelligence," it's only recently occurred to me to wonder whether there's a point in using "artificial." Certainly the first flavors of this are at best insect-like, or sort of idiot-savant (like chess playing), but when we first experience a system that's as awake as we're all hoping for... then it's just "intelligence," isn't it?

    I know - read four thousand sci fi novels and then come back to this conversation... but it seems that the "artificial" of this phrase is increasingly awkward. It makes some people dismissive about the potential, other people feaky about the same, and seems destined to always shortcut the philosophical payload. Not because I fret over the machine's eventual feelings (though if it's Linux-based, I'm sure it will have very warm, friendly, altruistic feelings), but because by boxing code-based intelligence into the "artificial" category, it props up the more mystical perception of our own native smarts.

    The very word, from "artiface," suggests that whatever it will be, it won't really count as intelligence. But we're very comfortable (or at least I am) talking about, say, an intelligent dog or primate. So, if we can even approach that with a system that isn't any more fragile than walking, breathing meat... then surely that's not artiface? OK, smack me around now. Thanks.
  • Cyc is Old (Score:3, Interesting)

    by hugg (22953) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:44PM (#11547234) Homepage
    Just to be pedantic ... Cyc as a project has been around at lot longer than Cycorp the company ... since at last 1986, according to this Google/Deja Groups [google.com] post.
    • by Animats (122034) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:06PM (#11547328) Homepage
      Cyc is basically the bad "expert system" idea from the 1980s, with too much funding. The concept of Cyc is straightforward - have a big staff putting in handwritten rules, and it will be able to answer anticipated questions. Like call centers where the staff just reads scripts. No way is it ever going to become "intelligent". On a really good day, given a narrow enough range of questions in an area where good answers have been preloaded, it can sort of fake it some of the time.

      It's not just canned questions and answers; it has an inference engine. It can do "if A is B and B is C, then A is C". But only if all the right predicates match perfectly.

      Lenat was claming it would somehow become intelligent in a few more years. That was a decade ago. Today, Cyc is regarded as the definitive demonstration that that idea won't work.

      Here's a critique of Cyc from 1994. [stanford.edu]

  • by Baldrson (78598) * on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:55PM (#11547287) Homepage Journal
    DARPA can really advance the field of AI if it simply offers substantial prize awards for the highest compression ratios achieve for a text corpus of their choosing. There should be separate classes of competition for each of at least time limits for the corpus compressions:
    • 1 hour
    • 10 hours
    • 100 hours

    Each class should have its own championship title of $1 million, with each runner-up winning 1/2 the money of the next higher.

    Each contestant must provide 2 systems -- a compressor and a decompressor. DARPA feeds the compressor the corpus and the compressor feeds DARPA the compressed corpus. DARPA then measures the ratio and feeds the decompressor system the compressed corpus, which then returns the original corpus, or is disqualified. Compression and decompression times must add up to no more than the time limit for the competition class.

    The rationale for this approach to advancing the state of AI is given by a short paper by Matthew Mahoney titled "Text Compression as a Test for Artificial Intelligence [fit.edu]" (1 page poster, compressed Postscript) published in the 1999 AAAI Proceedings. Matt Mahoney shows that text prediction or compression is a stricter test for AI than the Turing test.

    So far there have been lots of promises and decades spent. Let's try something different with well-founded objetive metrics tied to serious near-term commercial incentives for evolutionary progress.

    • by segmond (34052) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:07PM (#11547333)
      Any advance in the field of AI will fetch a gigantic amount of money. No one in their right mind will sell out to DARPA if they have the solution. For example, think of search engines, just a little drop of AI and you will have the best search engine around. Think of language translation, just a little drop of AI and your langauge translation software will be the best. Likewise with a lot of software systems. Once the idea comes to anyone, please believe that they are heading to the patent office first not to collect $1million prize from DARPA.
  • Um... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Dolohov (114209) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @09:58PM (#11547297)
    It's a $400k grant with two optional extensions. The school will take half, the profs will take part of their own salaries out of it, and then it'll support a couple PhD and MS students. This is no big deal.
  • hmmm... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by revery (456516) <charles@cac2GAUSS.net minus math_god> on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:04PM (#11547321) Homepage
    it has always interested me how someone who believes in pure evolution (i.e. order from absolute randomness - disregarding whether there is such a thing or not) believes that we have a chance in hell of actually designing an AI.

    If evolution is true, then the things that we call "order" and "intelligence" are just a higher function of chaos (the inevitable byproduct of randomness). On an even higher level, there is no reason to believe that we are actually designing anything, we are merely exciting our neurons (if they exist) into believing we have perceived that we are performing an action (which in this case is mental, which brings us back to the alleged neurons) that we call designing. If evolution is true, then intelligence will happen regardless of what we do, and we have no reason to believe that we have anything to do with it whatsoever, or could influence it in any way at all if we did.

    As for me, I'll take an Almighty God (as long as he lets me)

    --
    Was it the sheep climbing onto the altar, or the cattle lowing to be slain,
    or the Son of God hanging dead and bloodied on a cross, that told me this was a world condemned but loved and bought with hlood
    • The parent is suggesting that artificial selection is proof against natural selection.

      And you can't breed dogs or horses or humans or anything else to enhance a specific trait can you?

      The fact of the matter is that we are fundamentally no different from the amoeboid life we evolved from, and the rest of the life that evolved from it, just more complicated. If simple insectoid neuro circuitry can be approximated with simple neural nets (read this [solarbotics.net] for more info on this highly debated subject) it could easily be argued that it is not the distinction between artificial and "natural" intelligence that should be question/examined but the existence and definition intelligence itself, and quite possibly life for that matter. These are concepts as arbitrary and ill-defined as the spirituality that their nay-sayers flaunt so wantonly in protest.

      For christ's sake (pun and capitalization intended), think before you flap your rot. (There's just no escaping them on this subject)
    • Your argument is semantic. We're just going to accept as a given that the cells that generally move around with us are "us", and the things those cells do are "us doing stuff." Because those are useful definitions. Whether we define them that way or we define them as clumps of the universe's randomness, the same thing is happening.

      The AI part seems independent of the other chunk. Your problem looks to be with humans designing anything, so we'll substitute TV for AI, and your post looks something like t
  • Good Luck. (Score:3, Informative)

    by headkase (533448) <pickett.bill@gmail.com> on Tuesday February 01 2005, @10:36PM (#11547476)
    If there's one thing that the last 60+ years of research into artificial or machine intelligence has shown is that there is no clear definition of intelligence. There are different types of intelligence for example muscle control, visual processing, tactile interpretation, olfactory classifying, and so on. With these rough subdivisions great strides has been made in creating successful "modules" for them, but what has eluded and probably will stay elusive for the near future is the general cognitive intelligence that orchestrates the interplay between the rough subdivisions.
  • 84, not 94 (Score:3, Informative)

    by real gumby (11516) on Tuesday February 01 2005, @11:58PM (#11547879)
    I started working on Cyc in 1985 and can assure you that it did _not_ start in 1994. They already had a year or two under their belt when I showed up.
  • by ZackSchil (560462) on Wednesday February 02 2005, @02:22AM (#11548464)
    Everyone I tell about this calls me crazy but I dunno. It's a far fetched idea but it might be possible.

    Whenever people start to make an AI project, they want to start building it from from the middle. The projects have so much trouble making a stable base for themselves that they often never make anything at all. Other projects create soul-less intelligence. Complex, learning, logical machines with no purpose, direction or desire. They know nothing but what they do every day, usually process data and make new data processing rules based on that data. Sure, that's intelligence , but it's not what we're looking for.

    The human race is looking for a digital companion. A little guy in a computer that can think, feel, and reason like a person. Then we want to speed that person up to do jobs as well as a person, but faster.

    Well, that's not going to happen the way things are going now. I'd like to pose a question to the slashdot community: Do we know enough about physics on an atomic scale that we could simulate a "small room on earth" environment all the way down to an atomic level? Could we model and place in that simulated room a fertilized human egg inside what would be a functional machine to mature the egg into a fetus and release it when ready? (The machine doesn't have to follow all the simulated rules, we could just insert stuff into it using the computer). We could basically give birth to a simulated person.

    It's a crazy idea, I know, and with current technology, the simulation would be unbearably slow, but my question is: is such a thing possible? Do we understand physics on an atomic level well enough to do something like this?
    • Short answer : it's possible but would be, as you say, "unbearably slow".

      Long answer : Your question is the fundamental reason why the field of Statistical Mechanics [wikipedia.org] exists in the first place. We know the laws of physics very well at the atomic level, but all the inter-particle forces will grow exponentially. Take a picogram of water, which would encompass a sphere with 60 micron radius, of similar size to a human egg, as per your request. Such a 'small' quantity of water will contain about 100 billi

    • ..if any /.'ers out there can think of a non-tinfoil-hat use for this? Not really a troll here...

      Hmm... Could you imagine being the first scientist to have to discipline your A.I. for trolling on Slashdot?