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Security Firm Bypasses Patch Guard

Posted by kdawson on Sat Oct 28, 2006 02:19 PM
from the routing-around-it dept.
filenavigator writes, "This week the security firm Authentium found a workaround for Patch Guard, the security feature Microsoft has embedded into the 64-bit version of Windows. It is supposed to keep out unsigned drivers, kernel modifications, and security company competitors. With Authentium's workaround it can be turned off, software installed, and turned right back on. Microsoft immediately responded by saying their reckless ways are endangering the security of Windows users and that they will disable this hack quickly."
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  • I wonder what the implications will be for security: Oh, yes; Windows is already swiss cheese. . . . Dutch Cheese! Now with 100% more holes!
  • Reckless? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Izago909 (637084) <tauisgod.gmail@com> on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:22PM (#16624238)
    What's more reckless... writing software with security holes and making its' selling point the high level of security it contains... or discovering an exploit that defies the marketing team?
    • by Majik Sheff (930627) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:25PM (#16624258) Journal
      You left the 'n' out of "defines".
    • What's more reckless... writing software with security holes
      FTFA: The company specifically said that it is using an element of the kernel meant to help the OS support older hardware to bypass the feature. The loophole allows the company's tools to infiltrate Vista's kernel hooking driver, and get out, without the OS knowing the difference.

      It would seem to me that backwards compatibility is, once again, a security hole.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        How about a reputable security firm discovering an exploit and making the details public... or some kid in his basement who keeps it to himself and does who knows what with it?
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Designing an exploit is not reckless - the only thing that can be reckless is using the exploit you've designed in the wrong way, or giving it to the wrong people.

        As a security company, Authentium ought to know how to handle exploits properly. Presumably if they had a trusting relationship with Microsoft, they'd let them know about it quietly. Instead, they announced it publicly, using it as a bargaining chip against Microsoft in case it reneges on its promise to provide adequate APIs for security vendors.

        M
  • Reckless (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward
    Yes, Microsoft's reckless ways *are* destroying the security of Windows users.
  • by Lord Kano (13027) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:22PM (#16624246) Homepage Journal
    Necessity is the mother of invention.

    If Microsoft hadn't been so assholeish about it, no one would have needed to circumvent their "protections".

    LK
    • I agree. Although I was looking forward to the end of Norton. Alls not lost yet! Such hacks are always going to emerge. And hackers will exploit them, as will small agile companies. But lumbering behemoths like Symantech should find it hard to use one of these xploits commercially before M$ sort the fix.
      • by daeg (828071) on Saturday October 28 2006, @03:09PM (#16624560)
        Norton has been using hacks in win32 from day 1, and I'm sure they'll use them again this time around. I just hope Microsoft closes them as quickly as Norton exploits them -- the same holes that Norton uses will be the same holes that viruses use.
        • by Foolhardy (664051) <csmith32&gmail,com> on Saturday October 28 2006, @04:36PM (#16625252)
          This isn't a security hole. The fact that a process with admin privileges (yes, they're required for this) on the system can modify the kernel is something that can't be fixed by any means, on any OS (except via full TCPA). Microsoft knows that. Trying to protect the computer from malware/viruses that already have admin privileges is a joke. This is designed to make it such a pain for 3rd parties to continue modifying the kernel's internals (something that they shouldn't be doing in the first place) that they switch over to the public interfaces designed for the same purpose. Norton's crying that they have to clean up their code. Sophos already switched over.
          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            The problem is where does this leave tools like daemon tools, which require a device driver? They are screwed, unless they use hacks like the article describes. free/open source apps won't be able to afford a cert for their drivers, and MS may not give them one anyway.
  • Politeness (Score:5, Funny)

    by Steamhead (714353) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:27PM (#16624274) Homepage
    Microsoft immediately responded by saying their reckless ways are endangering the security of Windows users and that they will disable this hack quickly.

    Rather nice way to say "Thanks, we will fix this right away" eh?
  • 'obvious' bug. (Score:4, Interesting)

    by SillyNickName4me (760022) <dotslash@bartsplace.net> on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:32PM (#16624304) Homepage
    So, the way to achieve this is by changing contents in the pagefile by writing disk sectors directly.

    If such an obvious bypass has not been considered, how many other such issues exist that are yet undiscovered?

    Then, the supposed 'fix' is to disallow writing raw disk sectors for any non kernel code. This will only work when not allowing for things like disk editors and recovery tools, because those would need ways to bypass this and this just opens up new attack vectors.

    • by 140Mandak262Jamuna (970587) on Saturday October 28 2006, @03:05PM (#16624548) Journal
      OK, let us take the next logical step, all direct disk write by non-kernel mode process will be off. Applications like Pinnacle, Adobe Photo Editor, Maya and Gimp will suffer slow disk write times. MS PhotoEditor also would suffer similarly. Except, MS PhotoEditor coder, some nice chap who is just doing his job gets his ears chewed out and small chairs thrown at him. Goes into the source code tree finds the coder who is controlling the access to the direct diskwrite part in OS side. Bingo, in the next release MS PhotoEditor performs 100x faster than Adobe. Mindless editors of PCMag and others ooh and aaah about the "technological advances" made by innovative MS.

      Yeah, sure it is a far fetched conspirational theory. Mods, before you mod it troll or offtopic or wierd or paranoid, take a look at the comments in the code outed by MainSoft. Obsolete version of Windows NT code. But it had numerous comments like, "Private entry point for Jim to get Excel access memory faster". Private entry points, calls that take shortcuts through several application layers and protocols... that is how security holes are made. Such close nexus between application coders and OS coders is the reason why such api-layers are violated.

      • by Foolhardy (664051) <csmith32&gmail,com> on Saturday October 28 2006, @04:28PM (#16625170)
        What could you possibly be talking about? Direct disk access means bypassing the filesystem and reading and writing to the sectors directly. This requires administrator privileges for good reason: it bypasses file security, file locks and all the other nice things that filesystems do. No user application requires the ability to bypass the filesystem. Don't you need to be root to access a mounted block device on a UNIX? It's the same thing. The fact that it's possible to modify the kernel when you have admin privileges (and physical access for that matter) is hardly suprising, and in fact is unfixable (short of full TCPA).

        PatchGuard is only there to discourage apps that hook the syscall table (an inherantly unsafe operation) and make other modifications to the kernel's private, volaitle internal interfaces. When Windows NT was written, the MS devs never expected 3rd party devs to go poking around with the kernel's private interfaces, and are rightly disgusted when those 3rd party software programs cause problems because of it. Compare this to Linux: you are free to maintain your own custom build of the kernel, but in the mainline, all the kernel interfaces are so volaitle, every minor revision is binary incompatible with the rest. You'd never get a device driver accepted into the mainline if it depended on private interfaces that break every revision, even on a source level. Microsoft is well within their prerogative to make changes the Windows kernel's internal, private interfaces. This doesn't work too well when 3rd party apps are dependent on them never changing, especially when Windows crashes because of it. PatchGuard is a technical speed bump to make it harder for 3rd party software companies to screw with the kernel's internals. Microsoft knows that it's an unwinnable arms race [msdn.com], but hope that the 3rd parties will decide it's just easier to stick to the kernel's public interfaces. Microsoft is willing to create new stable public interfaces to support the necessary behavior.

        The only thing I can think of that you might be talking about for reduced performance is if you meant no intermediate buffering when you said "direct disk write". The FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING and FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH [microsoft.com] buffering options are unrelated to direct disk access (which actually means bypassing the filesystem to access the block device directly). Write through and unbuffered IO aren't going anywhere.

        As for special hooks that MS applications get into the OS that no one else gets, how about an actual example?
  • by Sloppy (14984) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:32PM (#16624306) Homepage Journal

    To users, security is about protecting the machine from external threats.

    To Microsoft, security is about protecting the machine from everyone, including the owner and admin.

    To users, security is about protecting the user's personal data and ability to use the machine.

    To Microsoft, security is about protecting someone's data (not necessarily the user's) from everyone (perhaps including the user).

    To the computer's owner, the machine is entirely their own domain, and exists for their own benefit to maximize their own interests.

    To Microsoft, the machine is partitioned and not all of it belongs to the owner, ultimately to maximize Microsoft's interests.

    To the computer's owner, their relationship to Microsoft is that the computer owner is the customer.

    To Microsoft, their relationship to the computer's owner, is that the owner is both a customer and a product.

    • Actually. based on what I've seen of Microsoft's actions over the last few years, their view of security is that their monopoly must be protected, regardless of right of first sale, fair use, or any other consumer rights.
    • To Microsoft, security is about protecting the machine from everyone, including the owner and admin.
      To Microsoft, security is about protecting someone's data (not necessarily the user's) from everyone (perhaps including the user).

      the population of the US is 300 million.

      at any given moment there must be millions of users running a PC without advanced skills or technical support. no help desk. no system adminstrator. no geek living next door with a clue to what has gone wrong and how to fix it.

      in that co

  • I keep sitting here hoping... in fact praying (an I'm not a religious guy)... that SOMEBODY gets a court to understand how strongly the antitrust laws could be applied to something like this. Simple Points:

    1. Microsoft historically cannot secure it's own operating system.

    2. Microsoft wants to charge for securing it's operating system.

    3. Microsoft makes it difficult for *others* to secure it's operating system.

    Yeesh...

    1. Ford historically makes cars that explode.

    2. Ford wants to charge extra for a car with "
    • by Angostura (703910) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:37PM (#16624346)
      Well, I hate to be contrarian (actually I don't) but in this case Microsoft is attempting to address you point 1. in a reasonable way, by disallowing unsigned drivers. The fact that the protection can be broken is problematic. The fact that Microsoft is now looking to close the loophole is fine.
      • Um yea... that makes sense in portions of Redmond Washington, in an opium den, and a closed session of congress.

        But if you actually use their OS it makes no sense because the fox is guarding the chicken coop.
    • Get the gun Gertrude, I'm gonna join with old Uncle Ben.

      1. Uncle Ben [unclebens.com] historicly produces meals that make me constipated. 2. Uncle Ben wants to charge extra for meals that wont make me constipated. 3. Uncle Ben makes it hard for others to take a shit.
  • The conclusion: (Score:3, Insightful)

    by A beautiful mind (821714) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:35PM (#16624330)
    Malicious software and black hats will continue to use the pagefile exploit to overwrite what they need and do what they want, while legitimate software writers get locked out completely. Kind of defeats the purpose...or do you think that MS had a different purpose altogether?
    • The whole point of the first article was that Microsoft "fixed" the pagefile workaround! I would have thought you're new enough at here to RTFA!

      Anyways, good riddance that this company found another way around...
  • Obscurity... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by RyanFenton (230700) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:37PM (#16624340)
    The only realistic hope for security through obscurity is if your product never actually comes in contact with a customer. Doesn't matter what kind of black box you put things in - if it comes in contact with a customer, it should not be considered secret or secure.

    If you can package it to put it into a black box, someone's either going to open it, poke at it for a response, or figure out how to replace it. And especially with computers, they'll figure out how to use it in a more general way than you intended.

    If you cannot accept that your ideas, no matter how big or well-crafted, are just a part of the greater ocean of ideas, then as long as your ideas can be used, your ideas are going to be swept away against your wishes. Until the nature of humanity is changed, that is the nature of the way we deal with ideas (and thus software/hardware). I personally find much more comfort in that dynamic than pain - there are many more ways to use that dynamic rather than fight against the ocean, so to speak.

    Ryan Fenton
  • Bit of a stretch (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Psykosys (667390) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:40PM (#16624376)
    It is supposed to keep out unsigned drivers, kernel modifications, and security company competitors.
    While it could be argued that part of Microsoft's goal with PatchGuard is to keep out "security company competitors", there's no hard evidence, AFAIK, that this was one of Microsoft's design goals in creating it and it's somewhat irresponsible to suggest this. If there were, this would presumably be an easy court case and security companies wouldn't have a hard time at all suing Microsoft for illegal measures to establish a monopoly, etc. Instead, they'll be faced with the uphill task of proving that the "keeping out the competition" aspect is not just a necessary side effect of the rest of the design.
    • If there were, this would presumably be an easy court case and security companies wouldn't have a hard time at all suing Microsoft for illegal measures to establish a monopoly, etc.
      You mean like they are taking action against MS in the EU?
  • Isn't the whole reason for these security companies' existance because of Microsoft's "reckless ways"? Although the notion of a black box kernel can (and I'm sure - will be abused by MS by eliminating DRM circumvention - say goodby to virtual CD drivers), isn't this the only true way of making sure that nothing gets past the kernel? Kudos to MS for plugging this hole.
    • "isn't this the only true way of making sure that nothing gets past the kernel?"

      Funny thing is that it's useless, it won't stop people from copying data or emulating hardware.

      At least not until the hardware itself is able to recognize Windows and refuse to run everything else. And even then, it is a hard problem to solve.

    • How is having control over my own computer a security hole? Any malicious software I might download and run from the internet doesn't need magic kernel superpowers to do its harm. Everything I care about - my files, my running applications - is hanging right out there in userland, and this isn't going to change. Even running as the most limited user, if I click that email attachment and run it, it will free to delete all my personal files and mail them off to china, regardless of whether it can load a drive
  • The tighter you clench your fist, more bits will slip through your fingers.

    Seriously, did they think this wouldn't be broken? This has become a bad joke. Big company uses software to protect their code, rag tag team of coders breaks it, big company throws a hissy fit, we all laugh at and mock the company.

    How many more times must this happen before someone at one of these megalithic corporations realizes all they're doing is reinventing the wheel over...and over...and over again?
  • by Animaether (411575) on Saturday October 28 2006, @02:54PM (#16624460) Journal
    "Patch Guard ... is supposed to keep out ... security company competitors"
    Uhm. Yes. According to -some- security company competitors whose entirely livelihood depends on Windows being as insecure as it is? Certainly not according to Microsoft itself.

    "Microsoft immediately responded"
    really?
    Microsoft doesn't respond anywhere in that article. In fact, page 2 (yes, it's one of THOSE articles) specifically reads:
    "Microsoft representatives didn't immediately respond to calls seeking comment on Authentium's move."

    So where -did- they respond?

    "by saying their reckless ..."
    and that whole article doesn't contain the word 'reckless' at all. So where did they say this, again?

    Mind you, the article itself is in error when on page 2 it states:
    "Next Page: Microsoft defends itself."

    And when you get to page 3, you get:
    - a symantec spokesperson
    - an industry watcher, possibly:
    - Andrew Jaquith of Yankee Group

    But absolutely no Microsoft. So where is Microsoft defending itself?

    Don't get me wrong, I think PatchGuard probably has more holes than a slice of Swiss cheese... but the submitter's text needs redacting, and the original article could do with an -actual- statement from Microsoft.
    • Don't get me wrong, I think PatchGuard probably has more holes than a slice of Swiss cheese... but the submitter's text needs redacting, and the original article could do with an -actual- statement from Microsoft.

      Perhaps this link was added to the slashdot summary after you posted your comment for all I know, but the slashdot summary that I read had two links, and I found that statement quite clearly after following the first link [intelliadmin.com]. About the 13th paragraph down in that article states, complete with the

  • So MS will fix it on the double. If it has already been shipped they will even issue an out of cycle patch like they did for WMP crack. But any security hole that affects only the users and not MS's stranglehold on the market, they will tackle it by waiting till the OS is end of lifed. They they resolve the bug, "OS no longer supported".
  • by Pr0xY (526811) on Saturday October 28 2006, @03:21PM (#16624626) Homepage
    sure it's not perfect, nothing is, but I find the effort of making patchguard a step in the right direction. Here's the thing, If it were possible to prevent anything but pre-approved code from running in kernel space, there would be basically no need for vendors to hook the kernel in the first place.

    Also, a lot of people are really talking it up about how Microsoft sucks and patchguard is just another flawed attempt at security by a company that doesn't know its ass from its elbow (or something to that nature)...but I haven't seen much if any effort by any of the other mainstream OSes to prevent kernel patching at all. It is downright trivial to write a Linux kernel module which hooks all sorts of critical data structures, same with FreeBSD and Solaris.

    Is it the argument of the anti-patchguard people that if it can't be done perfectly, lets not even bother?

    I guess the major driving point of my being a Microsoft apologist in this case is that, at least from an academic point of view, the kernel is supposed to be the only software which accesses these low level things and abstracts out interfaces for the rest of the software to utilize...the kernel shouldn't be exposing anything like direct disk access, or kernel space memory to user space....ever, under any circumstances. do that and things like rootkits are an awful lot harder to make in the first place.

    Some Linux distros are starting to get the point by limiting and sometimes eliminating entirely access to /dev/kmem which is a step in the right direction, but it's still not good enough.

    The way I see it, Microsoft may not be perfect, but at least they are trying.

    proxy
    • How long do you think it will be till things are back to business as usual?

      1. Virus writers find a new way to exploit weakness in Patch Guard, system gets new virus.
      2. Microsoft updates their anti-virus product to fix/remove this virus after the fact and patch Patch Guard to prevent the exploit from working.
      3. Lather and repeat. Goto step 1
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      but I haven't seen much if any effort by any of the other mainstream OSes to prevent kernel patching at all. It is downright trivial to write a Linux kernel module which hooks all sorts of critical data structures,

      Nope,
      I can build my Linux kernel without module support. Your module is not going to get loaded.

      Enjoy,
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Actually, at least FreeBSD let you block kernel modules and all other ways of modifying the kernel (until reboot): Set the sysctl kern.securelevel.

      Eivind.

      • it would have been much better to have a Singularity base system with legacy support via WoW emulator.

        That might fix a few Windows kernel bugs, but imagine the hordes of new bug reports you'd see instead:

        "I want to start Excel, but it's in the Arathi Highlands and I keep getting PKed by a level 60!"
  • by Rip!ey (599235) on Saturday October 28 2006, @03:29PM (#16624676)
    The slashdot summary says "Microsoft immediately responded by saying their reckless ways are endangering the security of Windows users and that they will disable this hack quickly."

    But the article reads differently. "Microsoft representatives didn't immediately respond to calls seeking comment on Authentium's move. O'Donnell said that Authentium has informed Microsoft of its work, and that the software company asked it to abandon the tactic and wait for its new APIs ..."

  • According to Sophos [sophos.com], "PatchGuard is a positive step".

    This posting itself only provides a direct link to a Sophos article, and does not indicate any opinion on the subject, either of mine or of my employer (whomsoever that may be - which I'm not telling you).
  • I'm not sure what effect PatchGuard and its related technologies will actually have on security, but they certainly do cause certain hardware configurations to become unusable and confiscate a great deal of power in Microsoft's hands. I wanted to experiment with an M-Audio Delta 1010LT pro audio card on Vista 64-bit, but M-audio hasn't released any signed drivers for that particular card and has stated that they will not do so until Vista is officially shipped. Theoretically, it shouldn't have been possib
  • This is why God invented ambiguous references:

    Microsoft immediately responded by saying their reckless ways are endangering the security of Windows users

    Finally, admission of guilt.

    • Seems like MS wants in on Apples game. Make hardware companies pay to have their drivers offically MS approved.

      Last time I checked anyone could write a driver for Darwin/MacOS X. No need to pay a $500 privilege to do so.
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Are you sure you have no page files? Most operating systems will swap out memory. Windows defaults to having a page file. (At least 32-bit XP does.) (Mine uses a 1536MB-3072MB paging file). Linux has the swap partition.

      Sure, 64-bit means a memory cap so high it is very unlikely you will ever reach it, but what is the highest one machine is going to have? 8GB? 16GB? Even with that much memory, a paging file can sometimes increase performance. It may be because of architectural design faults. At one point L

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      There are good reasons to have virtual memory even when there is sufficient physical memory.
      Some applications need a lot of RAM, but not all at once. So if they don't do a lot of page-outs, they are actually put a much less significant load on the overall system than the same applications would if they had to store their entire state in physical RAM.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        It is a common misconception that machines only page when they are out of memory. Kernels will page various resources (file handles, etc) even when not out of ram. Also, paging allows the computer to decide what is useful and maximizes available ram by taking advantage of temporal localities in data and code.