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Wal-Mart's Faltering RFID Initiative

Posted by Zonk on Thu Oct 04, 2007 04:43 PM
from the under-chipped dept.
itphobe writes "Baseline magazine has up an in-depth look at Wal-Mart's years-old RFID initiative. Things apparently haven't gone so well for the retail giant. 'The lack of any obvious concrete gains has raised questions as to whether Wal-Mart should delay or freeze its RFID plans. For now, however, Wal-Mart says it will stay the course ... By January 2006 the company hoped to have as many as 12 of its roughly 130 distribution centers fully outfitted with RFID. That effort stalled at just five distribution centers. Instead, the company is now focusing on implementing RFID in stores fed by those five distribution centers so it can gain a bigger window into its supply chain.' Overall the article focuses on the original intentions of the RFID project vs. their implementation. It also discusses several of the technical elements required to adapt RFID for the US juggernaut."
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[+] News: Wal-Mart Pushing Suppliers For RFID 145 comments
Weather Storm brings us an InformationWeek article about Wal-Mart's push for suppliers to RFID tag their product shipments. Wal-Mart seems to have lost patience in waiting for its suppliers to adopt the inventory tracking initiative. From InformationWeek: "The retailer says that beginning Jan. 30, it will charge suppliers a $2 fee for each pallet they ship to its Sam's Club distribution center in Texas that doesn't have an RFID tag. The charge is to cover Sam's Club's cost to affix tags on each pallet, says a Wal-Mart spokesman. The retailer hasn't taken such a strong-arm approach yet with the more than 15,000 suppliers that still haven't complied with its request to tag pallets and cases headed for its Wal-Mart stores. Instead, it seems focused on turning its 700-store Sam's Club warehouse-outlet division into an example of RFID supply chain technology in action, down to requiring item-level RFID in 22 distribution centers by 2010."
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  • by User 956 (568564) on Thursday October 04 2007, @04:54PM (#20858983) Homepage
    For now, however, Wal-Mart says it will stay the course ...

    Ah, yes, because we all know how well "staying the course" works out.
    • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward
      As the RFIDs stand up, we will stand down.
    • I have a feeling "stay the course" isn't a direct quote, but that's beside the point.

      If a technology still have a high potential to provide a good ROI, it may not be bad to continue working with it. It's clear they've altered course, but are still working with the technology.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        I love the Wal-Mart Greeters! They usually look like recovering crack addicts, but they ALWAYS give me a Wal-Mart Smiley sticker! :D
         
        You get recovering crack addicts!!! You must be in a much wealthier part of the country.
  • 5 cent tags (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Harmonious Botch (921977) * on Thursday October 04 2007, @04:58PM (#20859021) Homepage Journal
    It's been predicted for years: the cost of an RFID tag will drop to 5 cents and the world will be revolutionized. I did some calculations years ago, and 5 cents seems to be about the point at which the cost of the tag on every item is worth the benefits gained in inventory tracking.
    But the price seems frozen at 10 cents. And that is the cheapest tags in HUGE quantities. For a small business like mine, 20 cents seems to be the current rate.
    • Re:5 cent tags (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Merk (25521) on Thursday October 04 2007, @06:03PM (#20859901) Homepage

      The reasonable cost-per-tag really depends on what you're tagging. If you're tagging flat panel TVs 20c/tag is perfectly reasonable. If you're doing item-level tagging on tupperware, even 5c/tag is too much. Unfortunately ultra-cheap items where the manufacturer's margins are super tight are the norm in Wal*Mart stores, so for most of them, 10-20c is way too much.

    • Even at 5 cents per tag how would this compete with simple barcode scanning which is dirt cheap (i.e. one time capital investment in scanning equipment...which you have to do with RFID too and then software or hardware and printer w/ink to print barcodes or label paper)? If everything is scanned when it goes into or out of your warehouse or scanned at the checkout stand in retail sales then the inventory should always be accurate and up to date in the database (at least to some tolerable margin of error). I
      • Re:5 cent tags (Score:5, Informative)

        by hibiki_r (649814) on Thursday October 04 2007, @09:52PM (#20862361)
        I write retail and warehousing software for a company every American knows.

        Have you ever seen work at a warehouse, or at the back of many retail stores? The number of mis-scans, duplicates and such can be pretty significant. Companies account for this by doing physical inventories, which have a substantial labor cost. And those physicals end up disagreeing with sanity check recounts by up to 2%! In a store that has a significant cost per item, a 5 cent tag would be a cheap price to pay to get rid of most of the physical inventory costs and increase the efficiency of inventory control. At $20c, it eats into margins too much for most.
    • I'm surprised that the price is still at 5 cents, even with Chinese production. They're very clever at getting the price down on everything, and when I used Chinese factories the price reductions were small and continual. If the price is stuck, maybe there needs to be some competition on the production side of things. That might indicate an opening that another market player could take advantage of. Anyways, I predict that the price will eventually start dropping again when the market corrects.
  • My good friend works for the world's largest bicycle distribution companies, feeding Walmart amongst others. He has said a lot to me about RFID and the way it works in the field, as he has to deal with how everything works at a product distribution standpoint.

    In a nutshell, he says it's CRAP, AND IT DOESN'T WORK.

    That is all.
    • Well, sir, if your FRIEND said it than it must be true. The guy who welded my bicycle knows everything there is to know about RFID, after all.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        RTFC, dippie. Bicycle DISTRIBUTION company, not bicycle MANUFACTURER.
        • Ah, well that makes all the difference, if only I hadn't commented I'd go up and mark you +5 insightful.

          That first issue your friend raised is a really important one, and it sure does lower the effectiveness, and he's certainly right about the other thing he said. I'm not sure I agree with his analysis of the ROI of tagging kids bikes, but otherwise he seems very informed.

    • My good friend works for the world's largest bicycle distribution companies, feeding Walmart amongst others.
      Sounds like he works for Huffy. He should be used to crap that doesn't work :)
    • by JavaManJim (946878) on Thursday October 04 2007, @05:40PM (#20859579)
      Having worked IT for JCPenney, we heard a lot about RFID. The concept behind RFID is the holy mantra of supply chain logistics IT staff - VISIBILITY!!!!! However bicycles are a perfect example of semi visible. Picture a pallet of these, all with little RFID tags here and there. Then the RFID reader squirts out a radio signal which bounces merrily around (Mathematica, do a graph of this one!). It might miss some bicycles and have trouble reading others. So POOF, there goes the validity of supply chain visibility.

      And lets not even talk, much anyhow, about a pallet full of cans of soup. RFID visibility is not good amongst cans. If its supposed to always be on a visible side, how do you target the one in the middle? What about mis-stacking with RFIDS hidden? Besides cans provide an example of economics. I understand that Wal Mart pays something on the order of six cents per soup can. If RFID is ten cents. Do you want to "pay" more than a can of soup, 1/24 of your cost for visibility. Perhaps not when profits are measured to much smaller decimal points.

      Good luck,
      J
      • by Merk (25521) on Thursday October 04 2007, @06:14PM (#20859999) Homepage

        That's why the industry wants a multiple-nines read rate on tags. Missing a tag is a big deal. On some items (like a pallet of bikes) getting 100% almost every time is easy (a bike in a box is mostly air). On other items (like cans of soup) it's extremely hard. Wal*Mart is unlikely to demand that individual soup cans get tagged, but they might want cases tagged, but even then it's hard because it's soup -- mostly metal and water, two things that don't play well with RFID tags.

        One thing to remember is that these companies aren't run by complete idiots. If they pay 6c per can of soup they won't demand that every can be tagged. They also won't trust that the number of RFID tags they've scanned is the number of items shipped. Instead they'll have a shipping manifest that says "300 widgets". If the RFID scanner says it found 300 individual RFID tags, then they can be pretty confident that they read all the tags and that their order is complete. If instead it says 293 they'll know they either have to try to scan it a few more times, or if that doesn't work they'll have to disassemble the pallet and figure out if there really are only 293 widgets or if there are 7 that aren't getting read. If the system works well enough that most of the time it says 300 widgets when there really are 300 widgets it could be useful, but 300 widgets == 300 tags == $30-$60, which is a lot, depending on what's actually on the pallet.

  • I'm sure they gave plenty of slack in the schedules they arm-twisted thier vendors into.
  • by mfh (56) on Thursday October 04 2007, @05:07PM (#20859171) Journal
    The real reason Wal-Mart hasn't gained anything from RFID quite yet is that the technology isn't being used the way it should be used and that is for convenience and loss prevention.

    Convenient stores could make it really easy to find products with a proper RFID search system with kiosks in the store. That would work out in a way that could make it really easy for customers to find stuff. However the problem comes down in that you end up becoming too efficient... when you have a sale and you are retail giant you want the sale to bring in customers to buy the higher GM products... not the sale items! That loses you money when customers can actually FIND the stuff that is CHEAP. Far better to keep it the way it is there... so that doesn't work out and store giants like Wal-Mart are backpeddling.

    The loss prevention use of RFID is great but theives can bypass any form of security and disgruntled employees don't usually care if someone is stealing 100% of the time... 70% of the time the employee will let even a theif leave the store when the excuse the theif gives COULD make sense... so it's lose/lose there... even with sophisticated loss prevention measures that would use RFID to track products leaving the store. Customers can come up with a valid-seeming excuse to get past so called last-chance methods for loss prevention like receipt checker employees. "Oh I bought this last week and I had a question about it..."

    The best way to have loss prevention it seems is to move to a web or an ORDER ONLY system like you see at stores where employees bring out the products to the customer -- but even those types of stores suffer from theft. Customer can't get to products, customer can't steal em!!

    RFID while it sounds good, and while it has great potential is stuck being a lose/lose... from the profit standpoint. Customers would profit from it, but they also stand to lose out... so w/e ... next technology!
    • However the problem comes down in that you end up becoming too efficient... when you have a sale and you are retail giant you want the sale to bring in customers to buy the higher GM products... not the sale items! That loses you money when customers can actually FIND the stuff that is CHEAP

      Exactly, it's just like how gas stations won't let you pay at the pump, they make you go inside so they can get a chance to sell you something.

      Wait, I'm going to re-think that one...
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          And of course, in two states in the union (New Jersey and Oregon), you are forbidden from even touching the pump...the fact that you can't pump your own gas is quite a disincentive to getting out of the car.
    • UHF RFID (the type being talked about in the article) isn't used for loss prevention and isn't at all appropriate for it. At UHF frequencies radio waves can't make it through even a tiny bit of skin, so if you hold an RFID tag in your hadn the reader can't see it. LF or HF RFID (i.e. key fobs) work for loss prevention because they can actually travel through your body. You can hold a key fob in your hand and wave it by the sensor and it will read the thing just fine, but that's not the technology they're

  • by fred fleenblat (463628) on Thursday October 04 2007, @05:09PM (#20859197) Homepage
    The promise was that waste and inefficiency in the inventory and shipping areas can be eliminated (or greatly reduced) by better tracking.

    But we're talking wal-mart.

    They already were running a really tight ship, keeping every possible cost down, tracking everything with keyboarding and bar codes already, plus any wasted time tracking pallets was mostly blue-vest people at $8 an hour.

    At some point, the waste and inefficiency just isn't there anymore and spending billions of dollars to save millions is pure management stupidity.

    there's nothing wrong with the ship, it's the captain that's messed up.
    • Not necessarily the tightest ship, though. Tesco [economist.com] has more able distribution systems, especially for smaller shop sizes.
      • i just looked into this and it looks like tesco has scaled back their rfid plans a lot. for now they're just tagging their internal shipping cages and not the goods themselves. this prevents the occasional mix-up without interfering with the whole supply chain.
    • From the floor of a warehouse, I agree that it doesn't look like it would help.

      When the PHB at Walmart promise "on the shelf on 10/1/07" and you don't see any sales for a week, you can find out _where_ your stuff is. Which is quite difficult in the current system. Then what happens is there's a regular review of your category within the retailer and you will have the best reason of all as to why your product didn't sell better. (It's never good enough) It never got on the shelf!

      RFID has many hurdles to c
      • What does determining where your stuff is have to do with RFIDs? The type that you're likely to see in warehouses on every single product (what you're describing) are passive and can be read at about 1-2 feet realistically. This is similar to using a barcode reader. I would assume that in a good warehouse, you'd have something like your typical shipping labels on all the pallets/packages/whatever and can read off its data as its being sorted. That is basically all you'll get out of RFID as well. Puttin
    • Agreed. As a former employee of a company that provides Wal-Mart with its warehouse automation systems, the investment to switch to RFID is just too huge. Except for the really big items, the product comes off the inbound trailers and is broken down and very efficiently assigned internal barcode labels. This happens right at the mouth of the automated sorting system. From then on it barely touches a human hand until it's loaded on an outbound trailer. The sorting systems accurately read the barcodes and shu
      • also i kind of wonder if most of the shrinkage cost isn't in losing a few toothbrushes and CD's per day, but management freaking out that OMG someone is stealing from us let's investigate this with some high-paid managers and hire a security firm and install cameras and do rfid and put locks on the dumpsters and install drug-sniffing urinals...come on at some point the countermeasures cost more than the original loss. it's just spite that keeps them going.

        they need to realize that if you hire the cheapest
  • by langelgjm (860756) on Thursday October 04 2007, @05:14PM (#20859239) Journal

    Wal-Mart CIO Ford also insists the company is commited to the technology. "The train has left the station," he says. "Imagine in the future being in a checkout line at Wal-Mart and you're out in 30 seconds. Now that's utopia--and we'll get there."

    I'm not quite sure how RFID is supposed to make the checkout person bag my items any faster. Or is that not the slowest part of the whole process? It's not like we're losing a whole lot of time waiting for barcodes to be scanned, unless you're buying pears and they have to key it in manually.

    On an unrelated rant, I'm pretty sure the idea with utopia is that you can't get there. And I can think of a lot better utopia than a Wal-Mart checkout line.

    • by garcia (6573) on Thursday October 04 2007, @05:19PM (#20859285) Homepage
      I'm not quite sure how RFID is supposed to make the checkout person bag my items any faster. Or is that not the slowest part of the whole process? It's not like we're losing a whole lot of time waiting for barcodes to be scanned, unless you're buying pears and they have to key it in manually.

      The longest part about checking out for me is waiting for some luddite to stop futzing with writing a check and use a check card or cash instead. The second longest part is another luddite standing in the "self-check out" that doesn't understand what to do, especially when they have bulk items or fruits and vegetables that need to be weighed.

      RFID isn't going to solve either of those problems.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        The longest part about checking out for me is waiting for some luddite to stop futzing with writing a check and use a check card or cash instead.

        Seriously? I never have this problem - I figure everyone who uses checks has been writing checks to pay for their groceries for decades, and has got the process pretty nailed down - they start filling it out while the checker is scanning and bagging their items, so when they get the total, writing in the number and tearing it off takes just about as long as entering a PIN and waiting for approval.

    • Because you could just push your cart, and in about 1 second it would give you your total. If you have a card on file, you could just walk out the door and get your receipt.

      So either you don't bag at all(bring in your own) or bagging will be quicker because it can be done without the scanning piece of the process.

      It's Wal-marts utopia, not yours. However you are right about never achieving utopia, except for fleeting moments. contrary to what that spokesman said, the will never reach there utopia because there will be the elderly, the disabled, the newbs, the noobs, and returns. The management at Wal-mart knows this.

      • Sure, you could do that with RFID. But I don't think people (Americans, at least) are going to take very kindly to not having their items bagged. What are you supposed to do when you get to your car?

        Also, tallying up the items one by one may be slow, but it also gives the customer a chance to ensure that they are being rung up correctly, and to make sure that discounts are being applied, etc. I wouldn't trust any store, least of all Wal-Mart, to ring up things without making mistakes.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Because you could just push your cart, and in about 1 second it would give you your total. If you have a card on file, you could just walk out the door and get your receipt.
        That won't happen, because it invites shoplifting: just remove or disable the RFID tag on an expensive item and you get it free.
    • I'm not quite sure how RFID is supposed to make the checkout person bag my items any faster. Or is that not the slowest part of the whole process? It's not like we're losing a whole lot of time waiting for barcodes to be scanned, unless you're buying pears and they have to key it in manually.

      Why couldn't the store simply have a pack of bags attached to the side of the cart, and you bag your own groceries as you're putting them in the cart?
  • by badboy_tw2002 (524611) on Thursday October 04 2007, @05:21PM (#20859311)
    I've read here on \. that the RFIDs were going to be used by the government to track my sneakers from space and that the second I walked into the Gap I was going to get bombarded with ads based off the stuff I was wearing.

    After reading that, I became extremely paranoid and started wrapping myself in tinfoil every day. But then I realized the RFID could be in the tinfoil itself. So I rewrapped that tinfoil in other tinfoil. They told me I could kill it with microwaves, so I took the tinfoil I was wrapping the other tinfoil in and put that in the microwave. That didn't really work out to well. Now I've been walking around looking like some 1950's space alien comfortable that my previous purchases of BVDs would be safely hidden beneath my shorts and you're telling me that these guys can't even read an RFID out in the open? ...

    You guys are just big jerks you know that?
    • I've read here on \. that the RFIDs were going to be used...

      Backslashdot?

      b

    • I'm actually pretty amazed. Stories about RFID on slashdot have gone from "OMG! They're going to read my RFIDs from the street and know what kind of pr0n I bought!!!11!1" a few years ago to discussions about the physics of RFID, the IT infrastructure challenges, and other informed, rational discussions. What happened to the uninformed trolls?

  • It really is

    it's great

    it can help locate and tell me how old everything in the store is this helps for perishables - without having to get people to act like basic humaniods and go and count things... to find out how much is spoiled and been stolen

    it can help move things from one store to another

    BUT it needs to be easy to destroy (privacy reasons) so it will not help you prevent thieves !

    regards

    John Jones
    • Like all new technologies, we need to ensure that are rights remain intact.
      Put that in law, and I would embrace rfid. There are a lot of cool things that can be done.
    • The tags are really easy to destroy. What's hard is keeping them alive. If you want to kill one it's easy. Rip the antennas off the IC, microwave it, smash the chip with a hammer, even just bend it a few times and you'll probably deactivate it. Remember, they're being made as cheaply as possible, as little as 10c in massive volumes, how durable do you think they really are at that price?

      Anybody who thinks UHF RFID will help prevent theft doesn't know anything about the technology.

  • Sure, they are evil, but this is beyond their ability. Shoot, the distribution business can't even get the manufacturers to put barcodes on cases in a uniform way. There are untold millions that could be saved in the distribution business if the cases had barcodes on them that could be scanned in an effective manner. Forget it. The market is too chaotic and not even Wal-Mart can bring it to order.
  • There was a good article in yesterday's WSJ article about the era of Wal-Mart waning.

    Basically, other competitors are now starting to be able to compete on price. But what is more important is the other retailers are providing higher quality goods and better service.

    I believe that Wal-Mart's service is actually a big game in limiting reagents. The do not hire enough people to police up the shopping carts and do not hire enough checkers. The are able to maintain an uneasy equilibrium by putting just
  • by schweini (607711) on Thursday October 04 2007, @07:02PM (#20860573)
    IIRC, RFID nowadays has failure rates between 10% and 40% - and even though it would be incredibly revolutionary if i could get an exact tally of my inventory by just walking through the aisles with an RFID reader once, a failure rate of even 5% would be way to high - people's jobs (HOW much was stolen in the store you manage?!?), long term supply planning and stuff like that are on the line with this, so people are doing anything to reduce the error rate to the bare minimum, and as long as nothing fundamentally changed since the last time i looked into RFID, it's still nowhere close to being viable. Just imagine that nice "instant checkout by driving you cart through some antennas" scenario - but with a 10% failure rate.
      • Why is the parent modded "flamebait"? Do you really think someone here is going to violently come to Wal-Mart's defense?
        1: Fuck yeah. Wal-Mart is evil, but RFID isn't. I'm sick and fucking tired of a new technology being held up by anti-technology "privacy" luddites. Especially in the fucking tech sector.

        2: doesn't matter if anyone responds or not, flamebait's flamebait.

        3: :)
    • by onkelonkel (560274) on Thursday October 04 2007, @06:11PM (#20859967)
      From the been there done that dept...

      The undergrad library at $Canadian_University had magnetic strips in all the books, and exit turnstiles under the mag strip scanners. If the scanner detected a strip it locked the turnstile and set off an alarm.

      I peel a strip out of a book and slip it into my buddy's backpack. I distract him a bit as it get close to class time and then say "Holy kerap, you're going to be late for your lab" Buddy takes off for the exit at a dead run.

      BEEEP...CLICK...WHAM! The scanner triggers, the alarm goes off, and the turnstile locks, all at the same moment. Buddy hits it at full speed, folds in half at the hips and then flies through the air like something from an ESPN highlight clip.

      I snuck the strip out of his bag at our next class, and he never did figure out what happened.