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Using Microwaves To Cook Ballast Stowaways

Posted by kdawson on Mon May 12, 2008 08:29 PM
from the avast-and-adios dept.
Smivs writes "US researchers say they have developed an effective way to kill unwanted plants and animals that hitch a ride in the ballast waters of cargo vessels. Tests showed that a continuous microwave system was able to remove all marine life within the water tanks. The UN lists 'invasive species' dispersed by ballast water discharges as one of the four main threats to the world's marine ecosystems. For example European zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have infested more than 40% of the US's inland waterways. Between 1989 and 2000, up to $1B is estimated to have been spent on controlling the spread of the alien invader."
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  • Too little too late (Score:5, Informative)

    by dreamchaser (49529) on Monday May 12 2008, @08:30PM (#23386630) Homepage Journal
    Even if this works, in many cases invasive species are already well entrenched and the damage is done. The example cited of the zebra mussels, for instance, has created a huge problem for some inland fisheries in the US. The problem has been known for years but nobody has really tried to do much about it until now.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      They are causing lots of extra costs (and problems) with power plants in the Great Lakes too. They like the warm ejecta water, and screw up the exit pipes for the power plants.

      Too bad they don't taste good.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Some environmentalist has to tell me why we don't just import its natural predator. And don't give me crap about 'well it could be an invasive species too.' If it's high up the food chain, it will be forced to live in equilibrium with its prey. Has it ever even been tried?
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          I don't know about that specific case, but generally introducing predators isn't done any more because it's kind of like using water to put out a grease fire. Actually it's probably more like using more grease to put out a grease fire...
          • by ghostis (165022) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:41PM (#23387110) Homepage
            That being said, don't starfish eat mussels? I recall seeing a sped up video of some starfish decimating a group of mussels over an afternoon. Finding a zebra mussel-eating starfish may not solve the issue, but the footage was incredible! ;)

            -ghostis
          • by tomhudson (43916) <hudson&videotron,ca> on Monday May 12 2008, @09:45PM (#23387132) Homepage Journal

            The great lakes were dying from pollution before the zebra mussels.

            At least the water that goes downstream is cleaner than it would be otherwise.

            Hey, when life hands you a lemon ...

                • Talk to anyone who does wreck diving in the Great Lakes. The water used to be really crappy - in fact, in areas it was about as opaque as a glass of lemonade. Or mud. Now it's a LOT clearer.

                  What we SHOULD be doing is laying removable mesh "beds" for zebra mussels to breed on outside every sewer discharge. Once a good colony is going, remove a portion of the bed each week and grind the mussels up for fertilizer or glue or fish food or whatever.

                  Henry Ford had the right idea - let people dump anything they want in the river, provided their water intake is downstream of it. After all, if you expect people downstream from you to drink it, you should be prepared to as well ... the zebra mussels are doing a lot of the work that we should be doing, but aren't.

                    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                      You're looking for the EPA study ... http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/glwqa/usreport/part5.html [epa.gov]

                      Zebra mussels continue to profoundly affect the Great Lakes ecosystem. This prolific mollusk filters microscopic algae from the water column, diverting nutrients from open water to lake bottom systems, thus favoring bottom-feeding fish (and their predators) over those such as alewife and smelt (and their predators) which feed in the open water. Aquatic rooted plants (macrophytes) and their communities (e.g. large mouth

          • by dfm3 (830843) on Tuesday May 13 2008, @09:28AM (#23390856) Journal
            That's not quite true. I work in the plant pathology field of study and introducing a predator species as a biological control of a pest is a fairly accepted practice. For example, a group at Virginia Tech is currently working with species of Laricobius, a beetle which is a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid.

            Of course, if you are going to be introducing a non native species, you'd better be absolutely sure you know what you're doing. There are countless regulatory obstacles that typically need to be overcome, too, and it can take years before a species is approved to be released from quarantine into the field, if it ever is.

            Typically, an introduced organism becomes a pest for one of two reasons: 1) it's a generalist that is a better competitor for resources than existing species (as is the case with the zebra mussel, which is unbelievably effective at filtering particulate organic matter from the water and subsequently undergoing rapid population growth) or 2) it becomes a pest or pathogen of a particular existing species. Many introduced plant pathogens fall into this second category- they have no natural predators in the new environment, as well as a food source that has not evolved any defense mechanisms against them. The balsam woolly adelgid or the chestnut blight fungus are two examples of the latter.

            Although there are probably cases where introducing a new predator species can cause more problems than it solves (remember that Simpsons episode?), with careful planning and understanding of the ecology of the organism, such issues can hopefully be avoided. Usually, we err too far on the side of caution by choosing a species that is too much of a specialist, and we don't get the results we would hope for. Remember the Laricobius beetles I mentioned earlier? One problem with them is that they are so specialized, that when the hemlock woolly adelgid starts to become scarce the beetles have no other food source and begin to decline as well. They have no other food source, and thus have essentially no effect on existing native species.
        • by Dahamma (304068) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:24PM (#23387002)
          Skinner: Well, I was wrong; the lizards are a godsend.
          Lisa: But isn't that a bit short-sighted? What happens when we're overrun by lizards?
          Skinner: No problem. We simply release wave after wave of Chinese needle snakes. They'll wipe out the lizards.

          Lisa: But aren't the snakes even worse?
          Skinner: Yes, but we're prepared for that. We've lined up a fabulous type of gorilla that thrives on snake meat.
          Lisa: But then we're stuck with gorillas!
          Skinner: No, that's the beautiful part. When wintertime rolls around, the gorillas simply freeze to death.
        • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 12 2008, @09:31PM (#23387048)
          In Australia the Cane Toad was introduced as a natural predator for the imported ("i forget") species. It turned out to be much worse than the original problem.
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            by Anonymous Coward
            Cane toad ( Marine toad in USA ) introduced to control cane beetle. The toad can't jump more than a few centermeters while the beetle lives near the top of the cane. Also the toad doesn't like cane fields and preferes waterways

            It wasn't the best laid out plan.

            If you do introduce a predator you have to ensure it is specialized for the target species and can not adapt to other creatures. The only sucessful release that I know of is the cactoblastis beetle which almost wiped out the pickly pear introduced into
            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              Are Coyotes really effective against deer? It would seem a pack of them would be needed to successfully cull the herd... and then wouldn't they just seek out the path of least resistence... and go after wild turkey, small mammals, dogs... whatever?

        • by NeutronCowboy (896098) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:32PM (#23387068)
          Yes, it has. Snakes were introduced into one of the Indonesian islands to deal with an introduced toad. Turns out that some of the indigenous animals were a lot easier for the snakes to catch. As a result, the local animal life is not only threatened by the toads, but also by the snake. If I'm off on the details, my apologies - I couldn't find the original story. This isn't the only story though. There have been a few attempts to introduce natural predators, and they've generally all turned up atrocious and unpredicted side effects. The reason this isn't done is because it's been tried before, and the end-result wasn't any better.
          • by CastrTroy (595695) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:48PM (#23387150) Homepage
            The only cases I've heard of that working in is where we "reintroduced" predators back into their natural habitat. We killed off a bunch of wolves, and then restored their population successfully. I don't think it's ever been done to bring in a foreign predator.
        • by Aydsman (718016) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:39PM (#23387098) Homepage

          Some environmentalist has to tell me why we don't just import its natural predator. And don't give me crap about 'well it could be an invasive species too.' If it's high up the food chain, it will be forced to live in equilibrium with its prey. Has it ever even been tried?
          Well in other cases, yes - it has been tried [wikipedia.org]. Unfortunately that hasn't worked out so well.
        • by belmolis (702863) <billposer.alum@mit@edu> on Monday May 12 2008, @10:13PM (#23387322) Homepage

          The problem is that predators usually are not restricted to a single kind of prey, so they will not only control the organism you want to get rid of but prey on indigenous species that you don't want it to. A case in point is the rabbit problem in New Zealand, which has no indigenous mammals. Introducing predators such as foxes or coyotes is not an acceptable solution because they will also eat the various species of flightless birds. Even when there is a specialized predator, it is very difficult to be sure that it will stay specialized.

        • by TapeCutter (624760) * on Monday May 12 2008, @11:32PM (#23387730) Journal
          Come to Australia, we have bettles, toads, horses, donkeys, water buffalo, pigs, rabbits, foxes, mice, rats, sparrows, starlings, starfish and more wild camels than Saudi Arabia. Every single one of them plus the many species I have ommited are pests.
          • by ColdWetDog (752185) * on Tuesday May 13 2008, @12:24AM (#23387968) Homepage

            Come to Australia, we have bettles, toads, horses, donkeys, water buffalo, pigs, rabbits, foxes, mice, rats, sparrows, starlings, starfish and more wild camels than Saudi Arabia. Every single one of them plus the many species I have ommited are pests.

            Have you considered removing them from your flat? That might make a difference on how you look at wildlife.

            • by TapeCutter (624760) * on Tuesday May 13 2008, @08:37AM (#23390330) Journal
              "Have you considered removing them from your flat?"

              Flats are for cute & cuddly native animals called possums, often refered to as "roof rabbits" or "dim sims".

              "That might make a difference on how you look at wildlife."

              Please don't presume you know how I "look at wildlife".
    • The example cited of the zebra mussels, for instance, has created a huge problem

      But without muscles, zebras would be all floppy and squishy. Plus, zoo revenue would go down. Who wants to watch a flat patch of stripes laying on the field?

            -1 Lame

       
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 12 2008, @08:38PM (#23386694)
    Microwaves confuse the molecules and these molecules of nutrition then misbehave and cause disorders such as cancer, diabetes and hair loss. This would be detrimental to anything that ate the food that was microwaved.

    A better solution, I propose, is to simply put some spent nuclear fuel into the ballast tank to kill off any invasive species before dumping the ballast water.

    Posing as AC b/c I work for an environmental consulting firm...and my boss would fire me if he knew I was this "green".
  • by StudMuffin (167171) on Monday May 12 2008, @08:38PM (#23386704) Homepage
    I thought this was a method to take care of STOWAWAYS. you know, like people trying to sneak into the country.

    My first thought was, "Wow, that sounds effective."

    My second was, "But that is kinda harsh."

    My thirs, "Cooooooool."
    • by JonTurner (178845) on Monday May 12 2008, @08:51PM (#23386808) Journal
      Same thought, here! I was picturing this system being adapted to zap those poor schmucks that hold onto the landing gear of jet aircraft. At least they wouldn't have to worry any more about freezing to death at high altitude.

      "Excuse me, stewardess? Is something burning in the kitchen? Smells like bologna..."
    • My first thought was, "Wow, that sounds effective."

      My second was, "But that is kinda harsh."

      My thirs, "Cooooooool."


      Wait... are you counting your thoughts, or your Alabama Slammers?
  • The Fail Boat (Score:5, Interesting)

    by keytoe (91531) on Monday May 12 2008, @08:42PM (#23386724) Homepage

    If you've seen pictures of the Fail Boat [flickr.com] around the internet, you might be interested to know the story behind it [wired.com] (link is to printer version). In short, the whole ordeal happened as a result of the requirement that they dump ballast water before entering US waters. The story on Wired covers the accident as well as the salvage operation and is an excellent read.

    It appears that this is a dangerous enough process that it was worth eliminating it. That, or they're just trying to cut down on travel time by not having to stop - but that's just the cynic in me talking.

    • Re:The Fail Boat (Score:5, Interesting)

      by jcnnghm (538570) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:42PM (#23387116)
      Sorry to nitpick, but I'd say the cause was more directly a result of failed ballast tank equipment. It would have happened eventually with or without the law.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward
      Hey, thanks! Just a few weeks ago I read an article in the Wall Street Journal [wsj.com] about the cars that were on that ship and the methods that Mazda is using to dispose of them. It's interesting to read about the accident that led to that strange situation.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        He's simply arguing that the mistake highlights a risk (and an inconvenience) which may be avoided by the mechanism described in TFA, while still addressing the problems which necessitate the ballast dumping in the first place.

        (Whether or not the proposed mechanism is, in fact, adequate, feasible, or ultimately desirable/undesirable in a global deployment is, however, beyond the scope of this particular facet of the discussion).

  • by Anonymous Coward
    Instead of microwaves, use the waste heat generated by the ship's engines.
  • With modern transportation, and international trade flourishing across the globe, "invasive species" are the cost of doing business. There's simply no way we'll be able to stop many of these migrations in the long run. Life will simply have to adapt.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      The problem is that while the benefits are mostly localized, the "costs" affect all of us. I'm not going to lay the blame on the shipping companies, but if people are trying to come up with a solution then let's go with that instead of trying to "adapt" the consequences of our own stupidity.
  • Why is success being punished?
    • Because the zebra mussel's success leads to failures in other things, which people typically like and care about. Niceties like biodiversity, and conveniences like the ability to have (say) some sort of intake pipe, or boat anchor, or boat hull, underwater that doesn't get absolutely encrusted with creatures.
  • Mussels?! (Score:3, Insightful)

    by bluefoxlucid (723572) on Monday May 12 2008, @08:49PM (#23386784) Journal
    Can we eat them? Problem solved.
    • Re:Mussels?! (Score:5, Informative)

      by FooAtWFU (699187) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:04PM (#23386888) Homepage

      Can we eat them? Problem solved.
      No, not really. They filter tons of water and end up collecting all sorts of contaminants, for one thing. They're a royal pain to remove from any surface, for another, very small, and very sharp.
  • by 93 Escort Wagon (326346) on Monday May 12 2008, @08:57PM (#23386850)
    Could Burlington Northern, for example, use this to solve their hobo problem?

    I'm just asking.
  • Was the previous method shooting up through your own cities at the aliens?

    I know, its a different type of "alien" but it seemed funny...
  • by rwa2 (4391) * on Monday May 12 2008, @09:19PM (#23386966) Homepage Journal
    To anyone concerned about frying the microbes, Wired had a very readable story on what can happen sometimes when the ballast is handled the conventional way:

    http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-03/ff_seacowboys?currentPage=all [wired.com]

    *spoiler* essentially current cargo ships headed to the U.S. have to flush their ballast in international waters and refill with local seawater. The Cougar Ace somehow managed to screw up this step and went askew (see pic). There were many quite grave consequences.

    Granted, it's not standard operating protocol to end up with losses like this just too keep out invasive species, but it does illustrate some of the challenges and extent of trouble people go to to comply with this kind of ecological directive. Plus it was a damn well-written story I enjoyed reading.
  • This sounds like the premise to a really bad sci-fi movie:

    Microwaves "cook ballast aliens"

    US researchers say they have developed an effective way to kill unwanted plants and animals that hitch a ride in the ballast waters of cargo tankers.

    Tests showed that a continuous microwave system was able to remove all marine life within the water tanks.
    Cut to: Hordes of radioactive sea life terrorizing humanity.
  • by jpellino (202698) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:34PM (#23387074)
    Cause the only thing more noxiously aromatic than a ballast tank would be a steaming hot ballast tank!

    Somebody call Mike Rowe...

  • by chromozone (847904) on Monday May 12 2008, @09:38PM (#23387096)
    People started finding Chinese Mitten crabs in the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay and balast discharge was mentioned:

      http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/35888.html [ny.gov]

    I read articles that make them sound like "rats of the sea" but they do eat them in China so maybe they are good eating (trying to be hopeful).

    "The fact they will climb over dams, go on shore into people's swimming pools, burrow into banks, we sure as hell don't need them here," Gabrielson said. "I really believe there's not a damn thing in the world we can do about it."

    http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070615/NEWS/706150327 [recordonline.com]
  • by robbak (775424) on Monday May 12 2008, @11:33PM (#23387744) Homepage
    Another way that has been suggested is to bubble pure nitrogen through the ballast water.

    It purges the water of oxygen, killing any marine life. It also has the benefit of stopping corrosion.

    It does have the downside of making the ships hull an instant death (asphyxiation) hazard.
  • by fahrbot-bot (874524) on Tuesday May 13 2008, @12:34AM (#23388016)
    With apologies to Monty Python's "The Undertakers" sketch:
    [For you youngsters: s/ballast/mother/g;]

    • ...
    • Fred: I'll get the oven on!
    • Man: Um, er...excuse me, um, are you... are you suggesting we should eat my ballast?
    • Undertaker: Yeah. Not raw, not raw. We cook 'em. They'll be delicious with a few french fries, a bit of stuffing. Delicious! (smacks his lips)
    • Man: What! (he stammers)
    • Man: Actually, I do feel a bit peckish - No! NO, I can't!
    • Undertaker: Look, we'll eat your ballast. Then, if you feel a bit guilty about it afterwards, we can dig a pit and you can throw up into it.
    • Man: All right.
  • swish and spit... (Score:3, Informative)

    by pointbeing (701902) on Tuesday May 13 2008, @06:05AM (#23389446)
    I live in Michigan and this problem's been aired on local NPR for the last few days - introducing foreign marine life into the Great Lakes has been a problem for years.

    Starting this year cargo vessels are required to "swish and spit" - flush their ballast tanks 200 miles before entering the St. Lawrence seaway.

    This probably doesn't do much good for saltwater invasive marine life but is a good solution for the freshwater nasties.
  • Nice but (Score:3, Funny)

    by ajs318 (655362) <{sd_resp2} {at} {earthshod.co.uk}> on Tuesday May 13 2008, @06:11AM (#23389472)
    Could the same principles be applied to Eurostar trains?