Stories
Slash Boxes
Comments

News for nerds, stuff that matters

Slashdot Log In

Log In

Create Account  |  Retrieve Password

U.S. Plan For "Thinking Machines" Repository

Posted by samzenpus on Wed May 28, 2008 06:19 PM
from the save-those-ideas-for-later dept.
An anonymous reader writes "Information scientists organized by the US's NIST say they will create a "concept bank" that programmers can use to build thinking machines that reason about complex problems at the frontiers of knowledge — from advanced manufacturing to biomedicine. The agreement by ontologists — experts in word meanings and in using appropriate words to build actionable machine commands — outlines the critical functions of the Open Ontology Repository (OOR). More on the summit that produced the agreement here."
+ -
story

Related Stories

This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.
The Fine Print: The following comments are owned by whoever posted them. We are not responsible for them in any way.
 Full
 Abbreviated
 Hidden
More
Loading... please wait.
  • Shit (Score:3, Funny)

    by Peter_The_Linux_Nerd (1292510) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:21PM (#23578525)
    Shit, we really are going to have to start watching and learning from the terminator films now.
    • Shit, we really are going to have to start watching and learning from the terminator films now.

      At a geometric rate?

  • Awesome (Score:5, Insightful)

    by geekoid (135745) <dadinportlandNO@SPAMyahoo.com> on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:25PM (#23578571) Homepage Journal
    If computer history tells us anything, they will create more data then we can understand in a short amount of time.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      the Thinking Machine is a creation of Jacques Futrelle if I recall his name right and is actually Professor Van Dusen. That is the title given to a collection of detective stories of Van Drusen.
        Futrelle died aboard the Titanic.
      • That is the third time today I have read a reference to 'Van Drusen'.
        I'll need to do some research into these detective stories.
    • I'm sure the answer will be 42
      • Didn't see that one coming~

        So is 42 old, or has it become 'kitsch'.

        ob.Simpson:
        Gunter: You've gone from hip to boring. Why don't you call us when you get to kitsch?
        Cecil: Come on, Gunter, Kilto. If we hurry, we can still catch the heroin craze.
  • by Crayboff (1296193) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:28PM (#23578605)
    Wow, this can be scary. I hope the US is investing in a primitive non-computerized emergency plan to destroy this project, in case of the uprising. There has to be strict limitations placed on this sort of system, not just 3 rules. This is one time when the lessons learned from fictional books/movies would come in handy. I'm serious too.
    • by somersault (912633) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:45PM (#23578815) Homepage Journal
      Considering computers can't even truly understand the meaning behind stuff like 'do you want fries with that?' (sure you could program a computer to ask that and give the appropriate response.. in fact no understanding is required at all to work in a fast food store, but that's beside the point :p ), I don't think you need to worry so much about limiting their consciousness just yet.
      • You don't need to understand to think.
        Thinking doesn't mean cognition either.
        • Depends on your definitions really ;) I had a heated debate with one of my exes about the semantics of stuff like this before. Was rather stupid in hindsight, people shouldn't necessarily have to have exactly the same concept in their mind for words as long as they understand that other people may be using them slightly differently. I used to try to point out that we meant the same thing but were expressing the ideas differently, which is sometimes true, but sometimes probably just a subtle attempt at manip
          • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

            by Anonymous Coward
            One of your exes? So it passed the Turing test?
      • Then again I'm not particularly worried about the conscious computers. I'm worried when the computer programmed to "find the best way to reduce national crime rate" decides the best way to do so is by triggering a nuclear war to wipe out the population.

        Note a computer that could do that is probably simpler than a computer that can understand "do you want fries with that".
    • Yesterday I spent a long time trying to swat a fly. The little bastard was extremely effective at self preservation. Now most people would argue that a fly does not think, but it is clearly able to perform some sort of precessing.

      Computer thought is probably no more advanced than that of a bug. Mars rovers etc can only executed canned move sequences and don't operate autonomously. Some robots etc are more autonomous, but are still pretty limited when it comes to any biological equivalent.

      As much as people h

      • by mrbluze (1034940) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @07:42PM (#23579493) Journal

        Now most people would argue that a fly does not think, but it is clearly able to perform some sort of precessing.

        Not wanting to labour the point too much, but...

        It's no different to a script that moves a clickable picture away from the mouse cursor once it approaches a critical distance such that you can never click on the picture (unless you're faster than the script).

        A fly's compound eye is a highly sensitive movement sensor and the fly will move at anything big that moves, but if you don't move the fly doesn't see you (its brain wouldn't cope with that much information).

        Flies can learn a limited amount but it's limited and I would argue a computer could well behave as a fly and perform a fly's functions. But is the fly thinking? I don't think the fly is consciously deciding anything except that repeated stimuli that 'scare' it result in temporary sensitization to any other movement.

        Bacteria show similar memory behaviour but I wouldn't go so far as to call it 'thought'.

      • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 28 2008, @09:10PM (#23580389)

        Computer thought is probably no more advanced than that of a bug

        That's the frightening part.

        Next time you find a bidirectional trail of ants in your home, try this little experiment:

        1) Monitor a 6-inch square. For the next 5 minutes, kill every ant entering that square. Use the same piece of paper towel and smear their guts a bit when you squish 'em.
        2) After 5 minutes, stop killing ants. Just watch individual ants for the next 30 minutes.
        3) Go to sleep. Look around the house 24-72 hours later. You'll find a completely different ant trail.

        "A human is smart. A mob of humans is dumb."
        - Men in Black

        Ants don't work like that.
        "An ant is stupid. A colony of ants is smart."

        Ants taught me what the word alien meant.

    • I, for one believe in this [singinst.org], and welcome my new artifically intelligent overlord.
    • Well, we better do the same for libraries, universities, religious buildings, markets, and other potential sources of ontology.
      • by Chris Burke (6130) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:50PM (#23578881) Homepage
        Like the bit in Star Wars when Luke Skywalker almost asked Leia out and, well, they would have had kids together and everything OMG! And lucky that C3P0 was such a patsy and ruined it for them. It was almost incestuous!

        Not that I've ever come across that in real life, but definitely brother-sister relationships are a no-no.


        I know. I'm an only child -- as far as I know. So whenever I get shot down by a woman, I just remember the lesson of Star Wars, and figure that she was probably just my long lost sister so I'm better off anyway.
  • I for one would like to welcome our thinking machine overlords...
    Singularity here we come!
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Singularity is a myth.
      Like 'heaven' or any other distant time concepts people who can't imagine what's next.

      When they can imagine, then we will need to be careful because at that point we become a competitor.
      Of course symbiont might be a better term, until we automate all the steps to generate power for the machines.
  • from TFA: OOR users, tasked with creating a computer program for manufacturing machines, for example, would be able to search multiple computer languages and formats for the unambiguous words and action commands.

    from my experience, the ambiguous words is the documentation, followed closely by the comments.

    "unambiguous words and action commands"? Is this what "experts in words" call a computer language syntax? now we're going from "you don't need to be no stinkin'
  • by clang_jangle (975789) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:49PM (#23578863)
    The summary isn't terribly clear, but according to TFA:

    The ontology wordsmiths envision an electronic OOR in which diverse collections of concepts (ontologies) such as dictionaries, compendiums of medical terminology, and classifications of products, could be stored, retrieved, and connected to various bodies of information. OOR users, tasked with creating a computer program for manufacturing machines, for example, would be able to search multiple computer languages and formats for the unambiguous words and action commands. Plans call for OOR's inventory to support the most advanced logic systems such as Resource Description Framework, Web Ontology Language and Common Logic, as well as standard Internet languages such as Extensible Markup Language (XML).


    It's merely intended as a convenient resource for programmers.
  • by mangu (126918) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:49PM (#23578865)
    It seems that computers with a capacity equivalent to human brains will be developed in the next twenty years or so.


    OK. I know, this prediction has been made before, but now it's for real, because the hardware capacity is well within the reach of Moore's law. To build a cluster of processors with the same data-handling capacity of a human brain today is well within the range of a mid-size research grant.


    Unfortunately, they have cried "wolf" too many times now, so most people will doubt this, but it's a reasonable prediction if one calculates how much total raw data-handling capacity the neurons in a human brain have. Now, software is another matter, of course, but given enough hardware, developing the software is a matter of time.

     

    • Now, software is another matter, of course, but given enough hardware, developing the software is a matter of time.

      But we will need much, much better hardware if we intend to program it in 20 years. You only need to look at Vista to see that programmers today don't care or can't program with limited resources, and even when we get the hardware, no programming method has been found to replicate the human mind, meaning that we will need even more hardware to make it work and even more hardware for the futuristic programming methods that will make Vista seem like it is well-coded. You only need to look at speech recog

      • I think you'd be wrong about that. I suspect we'll get this working with a small but well designed framework running on a low overhead OS, because part of the deal with these things is that so much of it is self-organizing (or at least, organizes itself based on a template). Once we get the model right (and it might be very similar to cockroach-esque models currently working), most of the resources should be directly usable for the e-brain.
      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        by Anonymous Coward
        Speech recognition has improved dramatically in last 20 years. Dragon Naturally Speaking on an inexpensive PC can take dictation faster then most people. In the 80's the best super computers would struggle with a small speaker dependent vocabulary. Better hardware has clearly made a huge difference.

        Better hardware is a necessary yet insufficient requirement for strong AI. There is still a lot to learn about how the human brain works and how to write software to emulate it. However, when you look at
      • Slow and error prone seems, to me, to be a large part of the human condition. Especially when you start sharing the information between and among various people. The human mind has fairly simple mechanisms (though they're difficult to study empirically) which mainly consist of networks of neurons. So you end up with a lot of data that is interconnected in very precise networks from which meaning is created. Often, these connections are not consistent in every individual (or perhaps never consistent for any

    • It seems that computers with a capacity equivalent to human brains will be developed in the next twenty years or so.
      At which time they will spend all of their resources searching for porn on the 'net.
    • Couple of years ago a survey was made of AI researchers. The questions were:

      1. Do you think there will be a major advance in general intelligence in the next 20 to 30 years?
      2. Is your research likely to be a contributing factor to this advance in general intelligence?

      The majority of respondents answered: Yes. No.

      So basically, everyone thinks something big is going to happen soon but few to no researchers are actually working on it.

    • ...but given enough hardware, developing the software is a matter of time.

      but guaranteed that time is more than 20 years. I've already lived through multiple 20 year "it must be possible by then" projections.

      it's like the ubiquitous 6 month projection to get a large project to a usable state. This goes all the way back too. No one has a clue, but it just seems like 6 months ought to be long enough to do it.

      to give you an idea of how empty the
      • ... put "reasoning like a human" at the 20 year mark and then, devoid of any thought of what technology might need to be developed, start working backwards with bemchmarks of achievement that approach "reasoning like a human".

        The Stone Age lasted a few hundred thousand years. When we learned how to use metals, the Bronze Age lasted a few thousand years. Then came the Iron Age. We only learned how to make steel in an industrial scale in the nineteenth century, the Steel Age only lasted a hundred years, then

        • Technology accelerates exponentially, it's very risky to extrapolate from the past. We cannot work backwards and expect to get any reasonable predictions for the future.

          no, backwards from 20 years from now to today. what kind of steps would be needed over the next 20 years to get to "reasoning like a human", and when is all this acceleration going to take place, because there sure isn't anything taking place now.

          in other words, there is no basis for a 20 year proj
      • So, how much total raw data-handling capacity do the neurons in a human brain have?

        We have a pretty good estimate, on an order of magnitude basis. About 100 billion neurons, each with an average of 1000 synapses, firing 100 pulses/second.

        There are different types of neurons with different ion-channels, various proteins, etc.

        Sure, but that's what averages are for. There are also different types of transistors: junction transistors, NPN and PNP, MOS type, N-Channel and P-channel, etc. There are AND gates, NAN

  • When I first read the headline I thought it was referring to Thinking Machines of Danny Hillis fame. You know, the hypercubic CM series. "Do you know anyone who network three connection machines and debug 2 million lines of code for what I bid for this job?"
  • Let's take the example of a simple idea: a pun. This is a word that in a given context can have more than one possible interpretation. One can classify either one or both of the interpretations as the ideas expressed, but that would be incorrect. Often times it is the presence of both meanings that give the pun a new meaning that joins the two contexts.

    It is the interconnections between contexts that generally give new insight into subjects. Repositories of existing concepts can only be used to explore

  • Would be to create a computer-based system for assisted thinking. By that I mean something along the lines of what the visual thesaurus people have created only which would allow people to populate their own interconnections. Something that would allow people to form easy ways of presenting the data they think about as well as as interconnecting it. Currently we are sinking under the weight of the cross-referencing. It takes half-a-lifetime to train someone in some narrow subject because of interwoven n
  • by giampy (592646) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @07:28PM (#23579327) Homepage

    The guys at cyc [cyc.com] (look for wikipedia entry too) are already halfway there. Last time i checked there were already something like 5 million facts and rules in the database, and the point where new facts could be gathered automatically from the internet was very close.

    Many years ago i remember the founder (Doug Lenat) saying that practical purpose intelligence could be reached at ten million facts....

    we'll see within the next decade, i guess.

  • What sense is there in trying to encapsulate "concepts" particularly when phrased in language? Both of these are fluid and evolving. Attempting to archive a particular static state is at best a waste. Ontologists above all should know this.

    And maybe that's the point. For centuries ontology has existed primarly to serve itself and secondarily to trade favors with other branches of philosophy. The proposed project has the primary result of providing gainful employment outside the halls of academic philosophy
  • Building a standard "ontological repository" would seem to require establishing a structure within which its objects and relationships can be contained.

    While this might seem to be of benefit to extending the capabilities of some tasks like machine translation into broader fields, I think this might cause problems at the cutting edge, that is: machine reasoning.

    Reasoning about complex problems at the frontier knowledge (to paraphrase TFA) requires identifying new links and relationships between objects. Na

  • by TRAyres (1294206) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @08:03PM (#23579715) Homepage

    Lots of people are making posts about this vs. skynet, terminator, etc. But there are some problems with that (overly simplistic and totally misguided) comment.


    There are numerous formal logic solvers, that are able to come to either the correct answer (in the case of deterministic systems, for instance) or to the answer with the highest degree of success. The difference between the two should be made clear: Say if I give the computer that:

    A)All Italians are human. B)All humans are lightbulbs.

    What is the logical conclusion? The answer is that all Italians are lightbulbs. Of course, the premises of such an argument are false, but a computer could work out the formally correct conclusion.


    The problem these people seem to be solving is that there needs to be a unified way to input such propositions, and a properly robust and advanced solver that is generic and agreed upon. Basically this is EXACTLY what is needed in order to move beyond a research stage, where each lab uses its own pet language.


    I mentioned determinism, because the example I gave contained the solution in the premises. What if I said, "My chest hurts. What is the most likely cause of my pain?" An expert system (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_system) can take a probability function and return that the most likely cause is... (whatever, I'm not a doctor!). But what if I had multiple systems? The logic becomes more fuzzy! So there needs to be an efficient way to implement it, AND draw worthwhile conclusions. Such conclusions can be wrong, but they are the best guess (the difference between omniscient and rational, or bounded rational).


    None of these things are relating to some kind of 'skynet' intelligence.


    IF you DID want to get skynet like intelligence, having a useful logic system (like what is planned here) would be the first step, and would allow you to do things like planning, for instance. If I told a robot, "Careful about crossing the street." it would be too costly to try to train it to replicate human thought exactly. But it records and understands language well (at this point), so what can we extract from that language?


    Essentially, this is from the school of thought that we need to play to computer's strengths when thinking about designing human like intelligence, rather than replicating the human thought processes from the ground up (which will happen eventually, either through artificial neurons, or through simulation of increasingly large batches of neurons). On the other hand, if such simulations lead to the conclusion that human level consciousness requires more than the model we have, it will lead to a revolution in neuroscience, because we will require a more complex model.


    I really can't wait to get more into this, and really hope it isn't just bluster.


    Also:

    'Thinking Machines' title is inflammatory and incorrect, if we use the traditional human as the gauge for the term 'thought'. It is a highly formalized and rigorous machine interpretation of human thought that is taking place, and it will not breed human level intelligence.

  • by idlemachine (732136) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @08:27PM (#23579975)
    I'm really over this current misuse of "ontology", which is "the branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being". Even if you accept the more recent usage of "a structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model" (which I don't), there's still a lot more involved than knowing "appropriate words to build actionable machine commands".

    Putting tags on your del.icio.us links doesn't make you an ontologist any more than using object oriented methodologies makes you a platonist. I think the correct label for those who misappropriate terminology from other domains (for no other seeming reason than to make them sound clever) is "wanker". Hell, call yourselves "wankologists" for all I care, just don't steal from other domains because "tagger" sounds so lame.

    • Every few years the same thing. Somebody claims to be able to reach India by navigating westward from Europe. All efforts so far have failed.


      So why these claims again and again, and (I believe) often against better knowledge by those making the claims? Simple: Funding. This is something people without a clue about geography, but with money to give away, can relate to.

    • by somersault (912633) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @06:58PM (#23578987) Homepage Journal
      What reason do you have to believe that all efforts will fail? A computer powerful enough to simulate all the cells in a brain would presumably be able to do everything a brain can do? Brains are like blank slates then take 25 years of training before they are regarded as fit for specialised jobs - a computer that was capable of forming semantic links and organising them properly would be able to give the illusion of understanding, and in fact can do a passable job in limited domains (thinking about for example medical 'knowledge base' type systems which take symptoms and work out possible causes). It is beyond our current understanding to build a proper thinking computer, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't work towards it. If we did it properly then we really would be able to build computers that could work out logical and more objective conclusions for problems (given enough factual input data to allow it to make unbiased 'decisions').

      Unless you want to say that there is some mystical element to brains, there is nothing precluding the eventual design and building of 'sentient' computers, surely? Beyond our own fear of what would happen if we did such a thing, as evidenced by plenty of 20th century fiction. Building sentient computers could even be regarded as a type of evolution, as they would then be able to improve upon themselves at an exponential rate..
      • I called my cable company the other day and got an automated response that asked questions and responded, not only with words and instructions but also with a modem reset. The computer system could ask questions, determine responses and perform actions. Yes, it was limited, but decades past it would have been considered awe inspiring and doubtless would have been dubbed both a successful artificial intelligence and thinking machine.

        What then is the proper definition of a thinking machine? We already have c

        • That's certainly more thinking than I've come to expect from the employees in my cable company.
    • by FleaPlus (6935) on Wednesday May 28 2008, @07:16PM (#23579177) Homepage Journal
      Actually the researchers themselves aren't saying anything at all about "thinking machines" -- that was just added by the blog summary. In fact, if you had read the document describing their plans [cim3.net], you would have seen that it doesn't even include the words "thinking," "AI," or "intelligence." All they want to do is create an Internet-accessible database of ontologies and ways for ontology-related services to interoperate. Your smears of them as "unethical" and "parasites" are completely uncalled for.
    • You forgot to mention that it will fail for the exact same reasons that Good Old-Fashioned AI has always failed. All the classifications in the ontology, when actually applied to any real-world problem, will turn out to be unexpectedly and hopelessly fragile.