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Plastic Fiber Could Make Optical Networking a DIY Project

Posted by timothy on Wed Jan 09, 2008 04:13 PM
from the through-a-not-glass-darkly dept.
An anonymous reader writes "A new European project using plastic fiber and off-the-shelf components could make optical networking so cheap and simple that installation could be a DIY job for even a non-technical person. The object of EU-funded POF-ALL project is to find a technical solution to the rising cost of taking optical fiber right into the home." A mere "few hundred metres" of 100mbps (since plastic is thus far dimmer than glass) would suffice to wire any home I'm likely to occupy.
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  • So... (Score:4, Interesting)

    by pwnies (1034518) * <jjcm.linux+slashdot@gmail.com> on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:15PM (#21974620) Homepage Journal
    What's the benefit of 100mbps plasti-fiber over gigabit cat-6?
    • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward
      Well, 100 millibits per second is several orders of magnitude slower than 1 gigabit per second regardless of what the physical medium is made of. The benefits must be something besides bandwidth.
    • It would appear to be easier and cheaper to make and work with once they get a streamlined process together.
    • Re:So... (Score:5, Informative)

      by longbot (789962) <longbottle@nOSpam.gmail.com> on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:22PM (#21974750) Homepage
      Put bluntly, price. And I think it would be easy to extend it to gigabit at some point, with higher-grade plastics.

      Copper is much more expensive than plastic, and 8-wire CAT5 cabling is a lot harder to run than a plastic filament, to boot.
      • MOD Parent up please (Score:5, Interesting)

        by WindBourne (631190) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:49PM (#21975220) Journal
        The simple fact is that Copper is about to become VERY expensive. China is buying it as well as working with all countries that have copper mines to aquire full access to the copper. The simple fact is that there is a limited amount of copper and China is about to use 1000x more than what it currently does. In addition, most societies are about to move to electrical cars which will require a lot of copper.

        Finally, copper does not go the long distances that Fiber does. I suspect that we will see a lot of uses for these in running from the green box to the home. In fact, I think that the delivery companies will have multiple cables to the home. Basically, dark fiber. It will enable some interesting services.
        • by paanta (640245) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @05:01PM (#21975420) Homepage
          Not that I think fiber isn't the future, but copper prices don't seem to have much to do with it. For in-home wiring, cable runs are short enough that the amount of copper involved is pretty frickin' small, especially compared to the copper in your electric car. Plus, with the housing market cooling off, copper prices are holding fairly steady. If it were really going to be in such hot demand, wouldn't speculators have already driven the price through the roof?
          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            Hmmm...for in-home runs, the cost of fiber isn't all that outlandish already. 25 meters of singlemode, duplex fiber terminated both ends by LC connectors starts at about $1/meter. True, that's about three times the price of bulk Cat5e, but it's still not exclusively the plaything of millionaires.

            The thing about this article that I think misses the point somewhat is that it's the stuff you connect to the ends of fiber that costs so darned much. Case in point: HDMI extenders that use fiber as the medium.
            • Nail-on-the-head! The cost of the medium is NOTHING compared to the current cost of the interfacing.

              You plug in a usb or firewire or CAT-x or RS-xxx with no problems at all but there AREN'T any optical interfaces built into any computers yet that _I_ know of. The only consumer-level optics I've seen so far are in audio (and higher-end stuff at that) and if you look at the optical/CAT-x converters you'll have quite a heart attack at the prices.
          • by WindBourne (631190) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @06:37PM (#21976804) Journal
            You mean like the 5 year spot chart here? [kitcometals.com] 400% increase in just a couple of years? It is doing just that, and that is before the real demand goes up; electrical motors for Cars as well as copper wiring going into chinese homes.
        • by frank_adrian314159 (469671) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @05:48PM (#21976044) Homepage
          The simple fact is that Copper is about to become VERY expensive.

          The simple fact is that plastic is about to become VERY VERY expensive. China is buying the petroleum that is used to make it as well as working with all countries that have oil reserves to acquire full access to the oil. The simple fact is that there is a limited amount of oil and China is about to use 1000x more than what it currently does.

            • by falconwolf (725481) <falconsoaring_2000@NoSpAm.yahoo.com> on Wednesday January 09 2008, @07:19PM (#21977376)

              Also, we've got quite a bit of recyclable plastic sitting in landfills. More than we could ever possibly need. Likewise, there are a few new "plastic" materials on the horizon that can economically be produced from plants.

              Plastic was made out of plants, hemp was a good feed stock, before oil was used to make it. Which is part of the reason hemp was made illegal. In the mid 1930s, before the Marijuana Tax Act [wikipedia.org] of 1937 basically made hemp illegal, DuPont was granted patents on making plastic from oil.

              Falcon
            • copper (Score:3, Interesting)

              our best place to obtain copper may be in the dumps as well as overhead lines that were put in 40 years ago.

              I didn't want to say anything about recycling, but you're right, dumps and all the copper cables already laid down may be a better source.

              We do have SHITLOADS of coal that can be changed into feedstock for plastics.

              A better source of fee stock for plastic may be hemp [wikipedia.org] with bioplastics [wikipedia.org] being renewable. My question then is would bioplastics be good for fiber optics.

              Falcon

      • That may be true now but currently plastic is a petrochemical product. As oil prices rise so will the prices of plastic fibers. Copper will rise as well but at least in the US copper can be locally [unr.edu] mined thus reducing transportation costs.

        Falcon
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            once W. is gone and the tax cuts for ethanol is rolled out (please), then realism will take hold of corn, and we will see corn being used in plastics.

            Even with the massive subsidies corn gets corn prices will still go up. A better feed stock for plastic is hemp [hempplastic.com]. But how well will Bioplastics [wikipedia.org] work for fiber?

            Falcon

    • Re:So... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by FrankSchwab (675585) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:26PM (#21974820) Journal
      At the very least, electrical isolation.

      Lightning hit my house (or very close to it) last year, and took out at least the ethernet port on every computer I had that was Cat5 connected at the time. Took out a few USB ports, and sent my router to the great network in the sky also.

      Plastic fiber wouldn't have that problem (until someone marries the plastic fiber with the Power over Ethernet spec).

      /frank

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          He's talking about a surge traveling over the Cat5, not the power wire. UPS won't help, since the current enters the motherboard via the network port. And there are Ethernet surge protectors, but they are very expensive. As in around $250 at the low end from what I've seen.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      A better question is why are people associating brightness (loss) with speed?

      I would expect that the characteristics of the electrical/optical transceivers and modulation would set the speed, and the loss in the cable per unit length would limit how long it could be without some sort of repeaters.
      • A better question is why are people associating brightness (loss) with speed?

        I would expect that the characteristics of the electrical/optical transceivers and modulation would set the speed, and the loss in the cable per unit length would limit how long it could be without some sort of repeaters.


        Exactlty, since brightness is a measure of amplitude. The distance that could be travelled will utlimately depend on the initial brightness and the absorption by the cable. One advantage of optical over electrical,
        • The biggest problem of any fiber over a distance is not amplitude (or attenuation), but the washout of the pulses because the fiber has a finite width. After a while, you still have a measurable amplitude, but one which has become a constant "on" light and no data modulation to see anymore. The thickness of the fiber is an important measure of how long you can make it without signal loss (think single-mode at 9 microns vs multi-mode at 50..75 microns). A one millimeter fiber will never carry data at gigaspe
      • Re:So... (Score:4, Informative)

        by Spazmania (174582) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @06:13PM (#21976412) Homepage
        The big problem impacting speed is dispersion. The light takes different paths down the cable with the net result that some of it travels more slowly than the rest. At the other end, its as if you received a blurry picture: you can't tell what the signal was supposed to be.

        If that doesn't make sense, let me explain it this way: light doesn't travel straight down a fiber optic cable. Instead, it bounces back and forth down the cable, first hitting the cladding at one side and then hitting the cladding at the other. That's why the light can go around curves; its not traveling straight, its bouncing back and forth off the walls. The index of refraction for the cladding material is much higher than the index of refraction for the fiber, so the light obeys a principle called "total internal reflection" instead of the cladding absorbing it.

        Some photons go pretty straight, rarely hitting the walls. Others bounce off the walls a lot. That changes distance they travel, which changes the time it takes them to reach the other end. With a thick plastic cable, the ones that bounce a lot will travel a much longer distance thus you have to space the changes in the signal further apart for them to be detectable at the other end of the cable.

        Make more sense now?
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        "A better question is why are people associating brightness (loss) with speed?"

        Probably thinking about RF channels, where SNR is a major factor in speed. With most fiber runs, it is not. Except for long-haul multi-kilometer runs, SNR is always pretty high.

        The problem is optical and modal dispersion.

        Optical dispersion is the same phenomenon as a prism - light travels different speeds depending on frequency. This causes pulses to spread. The higher the speed, the larger difference between min/max frequenc
    • Re:So... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by blhack (921171) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:33PM (#21974942)

      What's the benefit of 100mbps plasti-fiber over gigabit cat-6?
      With fiber, you have at most 2 wires to deal with per connection....1 for transmit, and one for receive. With cat 6e you have to deal with 8, and they are a pain in the ass to use.

      The problem with this, though, is that transmitting data isn't the only thing that Cat6 is used for. The fact that i have 8 little wires at my disposal running all over the building is a really great tool. I run POE (power over ethernet) on a few networking devices i have floating around. I also have used the White/Brown - Brown pair to run phones in a pinch (like when we end up having move gear in a room than we originally intended).

      Fiber doesn't do this...at all. Not to mention the fact that you can't run a tone generator over fiber to find a cable inside of a bundle on the other side of the building.

      Lets face it, folks, copper wiring isn't going anywhere anytime soon. Fiber is really great for long distance, high throughput links...but using it to wire everything in your house, or your office building is very very short-sighted.
      • Re:So... (Score:4, Interesting)

        by Chabil Ha' (875116) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:45PM (#21975184)

        Not to mention the fact that you can't run a tone generator over fiber to find a cable inside of a bundle on the other side of the building.
        All you have to do is stick in a test laser device such as this [lanshack.com] and wave the bundle over your hand until you 'see' which pair it is coming out of. You obviously don't want to look directly into the port/termination, but it is no more difficult (if not easier) than waving a tone wand around.
        • You obviously don't want to look directly into the port/termination

          Well, not with your remaining eye, certainly!
        • nobody was suggesting everyone was going to wire everything with plastic, dude

          i've got a suggestion for you. Next time, before you flame me, read the article. Tell you what, even read the first SENTENCE of the article. Here, i'll paste it for you.

          A new European project using plastic fiber and off-the-shelf components could make optical networking so cheap and simple that installation could be a DIY job for even a non-technical person.

          Now what business would a "non-technical" person have doing any of the things that have traditionally required optical networking?

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      With an upgrade of the end components you could easily get several orders of magnitude higher bandwidth over the existing fiber.
  • Honestly, unless it becomes a lot cheaper than Cat-5 UTP, I think it's going to be a non-starter. Now, if it was 100 GBPS, that would be a different story...
  • "It's future-proof," confirms Nocivelli. You run at 100 Mbit/s today, 1 Gbit/s tomorrow and maybe 10 Gbit/s in the future."
    At 10Gb/sec the light from the fibre will probably hurt your eyes thus making his point of using plastifibre moot
    • Who is going to stare at the output end of the fiber? The length of the fiber isn't going to light up, if that's what you're thinking. Just the ends. I'm not sure more bandwidth requires more light, anyway.
        • I'm pretty sure he was scared of his kid breaking it by bending/snapping it, not looking down the cable...
  • Slightly off topic, but I've been looking for a decent (inexpensive) source for fiber optic cables for doing a small star-ceiling.

    I was actually thinking of using these guys [fiberopticproducts.com] - , but I would be interested if anybody could come up with alternative recommendations. I poked around a little and I can't seem to find any consumer sources for plastic fiber. (you know, other than the bait and tackle shop)
  • by corsec67 (627446) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:24PM (#21974796) Homepage Journal
    Does TOSLINK [wikipedia.org] optical audio not count as a DIY network? I didn't pay anyone to hook up my AV stuff.

    Because my favorite cable [flickr.com] is a TOS-LINK cable with a clear sheath, over the fiber optics.

    (Yes, I am a nerd with a favorite kind of cable.)

    Granted there it is a step up to go from a 6-foot cable to 100 feet, but it isn't that big of a deal. Bi-directional communication is another thing that would be needed to make a real network.

    Amazon.com [amazon.com] has a bunch of 100-foot fiber optic cables, so I don't think that fiber itself is the issue, getting the network cards cheap enough is more of an issue, I think.
    • May I ask where you got that specific cable? I think it's pretty nifty looking...
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Wal-Mart, actually. I already had a couple of TOS-Link cables, and then I saw that at Wal-Mart, and couldn't leave the store without it. The good news is that it is about $10-$15.

        Newegg [newegg.com] had them, but they are out of stock.

        They are called "RCA HD6HPL Optical Cable with Halo Connectors" for the 6-foot version, and the 3-foot version which apparently costs the same is the "RCA HD3HPL Optical Cable with Halo Connectors"

        Another cool thing about this cable is that they connector isn't rectangular, which if you ha
  • The article is Slashdotted and the summary doesn't address it, so... what are the advantages of 100Mbps plastic fiber over wired and wireless Ethernet?
    • there are none, since that fiber runs Ethernet?

      if you think about twisted pair Ethernet, copper is expensive and conducts electricity, which is good if you use Power over Ethernet and bad if your installation gets hit by lightning.
      • Yeah, I was thinking about twisted pair ethernet. About getting hit by lightning, since the devices connected to a plastic fiber network would usually still need to get their power from a wall socket, I'm not sure how much more protected they would be.
    • The article (Score:4, Informative)

      by camperslo (704715) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:44PM (#21975144)
      Plastic fibre slashes optical network costs
        Wed, 01/09/2008 - 19:49 - Wire Services

      A new European project using plastic fiber and off-the-shelf components could make optical networking so cheap and simple that installation could be a DIY job for even a non-technical person.

      The object of EU-funded POF-ALL project is to find a technical solution to the rising cost of taking optical fiber right into the home.

      The project partners decided to focus on the cabling inside buildings, which would typically account for 30% of the cost of laying an optical fibre from the exchange into the home. This last hundred metres or so is known as the 'edge' network.

      "We realised that we could lower the cost of this edge installation by using a simpler technology," Alessandro Nocivelli, the founder and CEO of Luceat SpA, one of the partners in the project, said. "If we could employ a technology which is so simple to use that anyone can install it, that would relieve telecom companies of 30% of the cost of the access network, which means up to several billion euro if you consider the European Union as a whole."

      Plastic fibres use harmless green or red light that is easily visible to the eye, as opposed to glass fibres which use infrared laser light that could potentially cause eye damage.

      "I have a two-year-old child," says Nocivelli, "and I would never install a glass optical fibre in my own home, even though I have been working with glass optical fibers for many years."

      Plastic fibres are also much thicker than glass fibres, a millimetre or more, and can be handled without special tools or techniques.

      "You don't need to be trained to handle and install it. You just cut it with scissors, plug it in and it works. It's as easy as that," Nocivelli adds.

      On the downside, plastic fibres absorb light more than glass, which limits their useful length to a few hundred metres.

      They also have a lower data capacity than glass fibres, but that is not an issue for the cable that runs from a conventional glass fibre in the street into a house, or even for laying a network within a block of flats.

      The partners have built a system that uses green light to transmit 100 megabits a second over a distance of 300 metres, which is the speed telecom companies hope to offer their customers five to ten years from now, and 50 times as fast as a typical adsl broadband connection.

      Their second achievement is to transmit ten times faster still - one gigabit per second - over a 30m fibre, using red light.

      By the end of the project in June 2008, they expect to have extended that to 100m.

      "Then, of course, we will try to focus on longer distances," says Nocivelli. "We have already demonstrated that plastic fibre would be future-proof not only for the next ten years but for the next 30 years. With that speed in your home you could download a full DVD in thirty seconds."

      The POF-ALL members have not had to develop any novel technologies, as they have built their systems using the latest off-the-shelf components and the ingenuity and skill of the ten academic and industrial partners.

      Two products are already coming to the market. Luceat is commercialising an optical Ethernet switch (a router) using plastic fiber technology and the Fraunhofer Institute is looking for partners to market an integrated optical transceiver to work at one gigabit a second with plastic fiber.

      Home and office networks could be rewired with plastic optical fibre so simply and cheaply it could be a do-it-yourself job.

      "It's future-proof," confirms Nocivelli. You run at 100 Mbit/s today, 1 Gbit/s tomorrow and maybe 10 Gbit/s in the future."

      A follow-up project, POF-PLUS, is intended to further develop optoelectronic components for plastic fiber and is awaiting a final decision on EU funding.
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      well for one, nobody is sitting in there car taking my bandwidth or bypassing my firewall. i prefer wired to wireless and having a non-conducting cable is a positive so for me this is something i would do in a heartbeat.
  • by telchine (719345) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:34PM (#21974960)
    [quote]100mbps would suffice to wire any home I'm likely to occupy.[/quote]

    Yes, and I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.

    Also, 10 megabytes should be enough for anyone.
  • The Article (Score:3, Informative)

    by pwnies (1034518) * <jjcm.linux+slashdot@gmail.com> on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:39PM (#21975066) Homepage Journal

    Plastic fibre slashes optical network costs
    Wed, 01/09/2008 - 19:49 - Wire Services
    A new European project using plastic fiber and off-the-shelf components could make optical networking so cheap and simple that installation could be a DIY job for even a non-technical person.
    The object of EU-funded POF-ALL project is to find a technical solution to the rising cost of taking optical fiber right into the home.
    The project partners decided to focus on the cabling inside buildings, which would typically account for 30% of the cost of laying an optical fibre from the exchange into the home. This last hundred metres or so is known as the 'edge' network.
    "We realised that we could lower the cost of this edge installation by using a simpler technology," Alessandro Nocivelli, the founder and CEO of Luceat SpA, one of the partners in the project, said. "If we could employ a technology which is so simple to use that anyone can install it, that would relieve telecom companies of 30% of the cost of the access network, which means up to several billion euro if you consider the European Union as a whole."
    Plastic fibres use harmless green or red light that is easily visible to the eye, as opposed to glass fibres which use infrared laser light that could potentially cause eye damage.
    "I have a two-year-old child," says Nocivelli, "and I would never install a glass optical fibre in my own home, even though I have been working with glass optical fibers for many years."
    Plastic fibres are also much thicker than glass fibres, a millimetre or more, and can be handled without special tools or techniques.
    "You don't need to be trained to handle and install it. You just cut it with scissors, plug it in and it works. It's as easy as that," Nocivelli adds.
    On the downside, plastic fibres absorb light more than glass, which limits their useful length to a few hundred metres.
    They also have a lower data capacity than glass fibres, but that is not an issue for the cable that runs from a conventional glass fibre in the street into a house, or even for laying a network within a block of flats.
    The partners have built a system that uses green light to transmit 100 megabits a second over a distance of 300 metres, which is the speed telecom companies hope to offer their customers five to ten years from now, and 50 times as fast as a typical adsl broadband connection.
    Their second achievement is to transmit ten times faster still - one gigabit per second - over a 30m fibre, using red light.
    By the end of the project in June 2008, they expect to have extended that to 100m.
    "Then, of course, we will try to focus on longer distances," says Nocivelli. "We have already demonstrated that plastic fibre would be future-proof not only for the next ten years but for the next 30 years. With that speed in your home you could download a full DVD in thirty seconds."
    The POF-ALL members have not had to develop any novel technologies, as they have built their systems using the latest off-the-shelf components and the ingenuity and skill of the ten academic and industrial partners.
    Two products are already coming to the market. Luceat is commercialising an optical Ethernet switch (a router) using plastic fiber technology and the Fraunhofer Institute is looking for partners to market an integrated optical transceiver to work at one gigabit a second with plastic fiber.
    Home and office networks could be rewired with plastic optical fibre so simply and cheaply it could be a do-it-yourself job.
    "It's future-proof," confirms Nocivelli. You run at 100 Mbit/s today, 1 Gbit/s tomorrow and maybe 10 Gbit/s in the future."
    A follow-up project, POF-PLUS, is intended to further develop optoelectronic components for plastic fiber and is awaiting a final decision on EU funding.
  • by the_rajah (749499) * on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:40PM (#21975070) Homepage
    since about 1985. I designed a system back then, using plastic fiber and off-the-shelf HP transmitter and receiver modules, to pass data between elevator controllers where they are in a coordinated group. Isolation was the main reason, but it's also very convenient. We're still producing the same system today. It's convenient that it uses visible light and termination is very easy since the fibers are relative large. We're using relatively low data rates and the maximum distance I've got to handle is less than 100 feet.
  • 1 They say that they can do 100mbits with green light now and hope to do 1Gbits with red light soon... I thought that the higher the frequency the higher the bandwidth?

    As to the benefits over Cat5 I can see a few.
    One is cost. Copper is getting more and more expensive plastic is cheap. Not only that but it should be lighter to ship and easier to install since it is smaller than CAT5.
    Then you have safety. You don't have to worry about shorts and other issues with fiber. Not a huge problem but I can see where
  • by statemachine (840641) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @06:20PM (#21976536)
    For some reason, people have it stuck in their heads that plastic fiber is new. It's not. Also, it can carry 10Gb/s just fine. All the 100-300m links are class 1. In fact, I'm looking at a 50Km rated SFP that is Class 1. According to all the safety ratings, you can stare at its laser as long as you like. And wavelength has nothing to do with power. The 50Km SFP that I just mentioned is infrared.

    It looks like they're solving problems, badly, that have already been solved. MS Windows and their broken "shortcuts" if anyone remembers? If I didn't think it was just plain ignorance, I would claim this was a well-disguised FUD piece.
    • by danknight (570145) on Wednesday January 09 2008, @04:54PM (#21975310)
      I work for a big telco, the one that runs fiber to the home, we don't put ends on the fiber, at least not directly. what we do is use a fusion splicer, and use a connector with a length of fiber already attached, we then splice that to the end of the fiber..
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      My addition to the plastic part is how long does it take to biodegrade ? We should be reducing our use of 10,000 year lifespan plastic not increasing it.

      > We have already demonstrated that plastic fibre would be future-proof not only for the next ten years but for the next 30 years. With that speed in your home you could download a full DVD in thirty seconds."

      He's off his nuts, 30 years ago I was excited about 1Mb RAM replacing my 32k, I can *already* copy a DVD in 30s right now!

      Seems like presscue.com i