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Google Earth Raises Discrimination Issue In Japan
Posted by
kdawson
on Sun May 24, 2009 01:43 PM
from the outsourcing-the-risk-and-appropriating-the-benefit dept.
from the outsourcing-the-risk-and-appropriating-the-benefit dept.
Hugh Pickens writes "The Times (UK) reports that by allowing old maps to be overlaid on satellite images of Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto, Google has unwittingly created a visual tool that has prolonged an ancient discrimination, says a lobbying group established to protect the human rights of three million burakumin, members of the sub-class condemned by the old feudal system in Japan to unclean jobs associated with death and dirt. 'We tend to think of maps as factual, like a satellite picture, but maps are never neutral, they always have a certain point of view,' says David Rumsey, a US map collector. Some Japanese companies actively screen out burakumin-linked job seekers, and some families hire private investigators to dig into the ancestry of fiances to make sure there is no burakumin taint. Because there is nothing physical to differentiate burakumin from other Japanese and because there are no clues in their names or accent, the only way of establishing whether or not they are burakumin is by tracing their family. By publishing the locations of burakumin ghettos with the modern street maps, the quest to trace ancestry is made easier, says Toru Matsuoka, an opposition MP and member of the Buraku Liberation League. Under pressure to diffuse criticism, Google has asked the owners of the woodblock print maps to remove the legend that identifies the ghetto with an old term, extremely offensive in modern usage, that translates loosely as 'scum town.' 'We had not acknowledged the seriousness of the map, but we do take this matter seriously,' says Yoshito Funabashi, a Google spokesman." The ancient Japanese caste system was made illegal 150 years ago, but silent discrimination remains. The issue is complicated by allegations of mob connections in the burakumin anti-discrimination organizations.
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Irrelevant (Score:5, Insightful)
Most tools can be used for discrimatory purposes. Just because I buy a Ford at a used car dealership over an indistinguishable GM (because I like then better) doesn't mean the dealership should get blamed.
Re:Irrelevant (Score:5, Insightful)
Most tools can be used for discrimatory purposes.
Maybe we should outlaw photographs because it shows skin color.
Oh, and grammar, because the word "color" is discriminating to the colourful British.
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Kinda like TRAILER PARKs today (Score:5, Funny)
What with all the white trash that inhabits them. I'm all for integration, but I stop short on trailer/white trash. Call me an anti-trailer trash bigot, but that's how I was learned, and I growed up on this way of thinking. They be in the trailer parks, and that's where they should stay, them and their children's children's children.
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Actually we Americans are trying to perform (Score:5, Funny)
Humanitarian Aid to all countries. We are reducing the number
of extra vowels used by many English speaking countries in
their spelling, and are saving them up for an air drop over
Poland, a country which is in desperate need of vowels.
Who says America does not care?
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Film works better for white skin (Score:5, Interesting)
Funny you should pick that example. When film was being developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a problem: it was difficult to make photographs that showed both light- and dark-colored faces effectively.
The white face was taken as the essential image that film had to capture effectively, and a lot of technical effort went into developing film stock that showed the white face well. "Exact reproduction" produced a "beefy" look, so the film was modified accordingly[2].
In other words, if black people had developed film, film would look different and have have different chemical characteristics from what we have today. You cannot just point to the technology and say it is "neutral", to be used for good or bad purposes. During its development, the creators of every technology encounter choices that cannot be made solely on technical grounds. Those decisions always end up embedding human values - as does the technology that results.
Here's another story I read somewhere. Early computers could only represent uppercase or lowercase letters. The first choice of the technicians was to go with lowercase, because that is much easier to read. But this was overruled: because then God would not start with an uppercase letter. Now whether this particular story is true or false (it sounds too neat to me), it is certainly representative of how many technical choices are made.
As for the burakumin, I once spoke to a Japanese woman about them. She had married an American and was living in the U.S., but she said that she would certainly never have considered a relationship with one. Not because she herself was prejudiced, but because doing so would place her outside mainstream Japanese society. We have heard this before. If you haven't, I recommend watching the film Gentleman's Agreement. I won't claim I know the best solution for Google in this particular case, but a knee-jerk response of "technology has no values" brings us no closer to any kind of truth, and represents a failure to understand our relationship to technology.
[1, 2] The quotes above are by Frederick Mills and Dvaid L. MacAdam respectively, quoted in the article "Making 'white' people white" by Richard Dyer, 1997.
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Re:Irrelevant (Score:5, Insightful)
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Re:Irrelevant (Score:5, Informative)
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Re:Irrelevant (Score:5, Insightful)
Ancient stupidity? Sounds to me like the problem is it's still a CURRENT stupidity.
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Re:Slavery = Stupidity ? How un-multicultural of y (Score:5, Informative)
As much as I don't agree with Iran's policy towards Israel, I must object to Iran being explicitly anti-Jewish.
Their gripe is with the state of Israel and not Jews. Calling a country that is home to the second-largest Jewish population in the Middle East (largest of course being Israel), and where Jews are explicitly protected by the consitution, as being anti-Jewish is prejudice at best.
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Re:Slavery = Stupidity ? How un-multicultural of y (Score:5, Interesting)
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Re:Slavery = Stupidity ? How un-multicultural of y (Score:5, Informative)
I'm afraid I must disagree with what is a highly selective reading of history and theology.
Christianity was not "anti-slavery" from day one. In fact Paul explicitly condones the practice of slavery, telling a run-away slave (Onesimus) to go back to his master (Philemon). Now he does tell the master not to mistreat or abuse his slaves, but Paul is handed an opportunity on a platter to condemn slavery and he quite explicitly refuses to do so.
When abolition was being debated, it was generally the pro-slavery people who were seen as have the strict biblical view, and the anti-slavery people who were seen as representing a more liberal, progressive, interpretative version of Christianity. (Similar to gay marriage today?)
Historically it was Islam that was known for tolerance of non-believers, to the extent that many regions of the Byzantine Empire preferred to surrender to Muslim invaders who would largely tolerate whatever brand of Christianity they practiced rather than their Christian overloads who were endlessly persecuting minority sects because of differences over the interpretation of the Holy Trinity, and Arianism etc.
From the persecutors' perspective, is it not better to cut off one's hand than to allow it to sin? Why allow a heretical sect to potentially lead orthodox Christians into false beliefs and so condemn them to hell? On the Muslim side, the Quoran says "Let there be no compulsion in religion". They saw all Christian sects as being equally misguided but protected by Islamic law as people trying to worship the right god at least.
On the other hand there are many stories of Saladin in particular as being the model for the later medieval concept of knightly chivalry. And as far as antisemitism goes, the history of the Crusades does not particularly bolster your theory that Christianity is all about peaceful coexistence and respect for those with different religious views whereas Islam is all about killing people. Both sides committed what we would see as atrocities, but instances of mercy and kindness to the conquered are more plentiful on the Muslim side than the Christian.
I am neither Christian nor Muslim. From what I've seen and from what I've read no religion (or atheism, or metaphysical quasi-religions such as the Marxist dieletic) has a monopoly on good or evil. Certainly your view of Islam as being intrinsically evil and backwards might be tenable if you look at the last 300 years (when most of the Muslim world hasn't done much) but when you take a longer view the result is very different.
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Re:Slavery = Stupidity ? How un-multicultural of y (Score:4, Informative)
As for the Christians living in Muslim societies
1. The Muslims regularily taxed Christians for their faith
2. Converting to the Christian faith (from a Mulsim) is punishable by death
3. Mulsim man marying a Christian Woman is OK so long as kids are Mulsim
4. Mulsim woman marying a Christian man is punishable by death
Think of it like game theory. These rules made sure you win battles and you spread Islam most effectively.
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Re:Slavery = Stupidity ? How un-multicultural of y (Score:5, Informative)
You are going so far off-topic it's not even funny. You're also spreading lies.
Sucks to have your BS pointed out by an anonymous coward, doesn't it?
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Re:Slavery = Stupidity ? How un-multicultural of y (Score:5, Informative)
You might note how just about every religion[...]
I wish I had mod points, as this long and bizarre invention of history has to be one of the funniest posts I've read on Slashdot in ages. Whether it's a skilled troll or a "selectively informed" and passionate individual, the gaping omissions, obvious contradictions, and glaring historical inaccuracies contrast the serious and informative tone quite well.
For the tl;dr crowd, some highlights:
- Christianity is the ONLY religion to oppose slavery from the start, however citations about religion and slavery conveniently omit those in the New Testament [religioustolerance.org].
- American Civil War lead to the Barbary Wars through some sort of time vortex, and 19th Century piracy is now referred to as "terrorism"
- Through a super time vortex, Thomas Jefferson was around in this Civil War period, and "created" the American Marines after having purchased and read a Koran
- Iran is "just about the most open Muslim nation"
- There is only one existing secular Muslim country
- Christianity is known for it's non-violent approach to non-believers (from it's inception to present day, I assume)
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Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
No, but if you buy a car and it arrives with "Nigger" on the license plate, because Ford bought random license plates from a racist company, then Ford (amongst others, including the individuals who chose that plate) should probably be blamed.
Definitely irrelevant (Score:5, Insightful)
Knowledge is knowledge. How a bunch of inbred tribals use that knowledge isn't the responsibility of the people who discover and/or make it available.
The Japanese have a problem with discrimination, not Google, not the web, and not the United States. Let Japan solve the problem, don't make it a Google problem, a web problem, or a United States problem.
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Re:Definitely irrelevant (Score:5, Insightful)
Knowledge is knowledge. How a bunch of inbred tribals use that knowledge isn't the responsibility of the people who discover and/or make it available.
The Japanese have a problem with discrimination, not Google, not the web, and not the United States. Let Japan solve the problem, don't make it a Google problem, a web problem, or a United States problem.
It is true that racism is ultimately a problem with the racist. However, that doesn't mean there's not any issue here. The maps Google is using use what is apparently a racial slur to describe these areas.
That's probably unintentional, and I doubt they had any idea that the term was a slur. However, if it was brought to Google's attention that a map overlay in America referred to certain areas as "nigger ghettos", do you think people wouldn't expect Google to find a map that didn't use such terms, even if their use of that map was through oversight rather than malice?
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Re:Definitely irrelevant (Score:5, Interesting)
First off, the post wasn't saying the US didn't have discrimination. It was saying it didn't have the burakumin discrimination Japan has.
Second, you're a fool to conflate discrimination in the US with that of Japan. I've lived in both countries, and the racism in Japan is orders of magnitude more insidious than in the US.
Granted, I'm white, so you could say that I'm just not "in touch" with the discrimination that exists in the US (and people will likely argue this against me here), but from a numbers standpoint, the discrimination in Japan is so bad that people don't even understand that discrimination is offensive!
There was a famous letter to the editor written in Tokyo a few years ago, "Do not treat us like wild animals." It told a story of a white lady who was out in nature. Some Japanese adults ran up and asked to take a picture with her because she was white.
No, I take that back: THEY ASKED BUT DIDN'T WAIT FOR AN ANSWER. They just took pictures with her.
In any case, the responses to the letter were basically like "chill out, lady. It's an honor. We just think white people are so exotic and foreign!" Etc.
Oh, and restaurants DURING THE FUCKING WORLD CUP banning foreigners from entrance.
Oh, and restaurants and hotels and other businesses hanging signs EVEN TO THIS DAY that say "no gaijin allowed." "Gaijin" is a term applied uniformly to non-Japanese, even those who have Japanese citizenship and speak fluently, so long as they are not racially Japanese (as distinguished from ethnically Japanese).
Oh, and there are tons of racial Koreans who are third-generation born-in-Japan, but Japan still won't let them get citizenship. The official position is not racial, but you'd better believe it's really because of the very hostile relations, traditionally, between Japan and Korea.
Oh, and the government recently RESCINDED an apology for forcing Korean women to be sex slaves for Japanese soldiers during WWII. Why did they do this? BECAUSE "THE KOREANS VOLUNTEERED."
Not to mention living in Japan as a foreigner fluent in Japanese (having passed objective tests administered by the government there), and having people pretend they don't understand your FLUENT JAPANESE for the lulz.
Japanese university-educated people don't even know why Chinese people are upset with Japanese people (protip: WWII). They are just not taught the facts. The base of the ruling party in Japan are right-wing farmers in Japan (and the yakuza!); reconciliation is not in their interests.
And the assumption that everyone white speaks English (I guess you could criticize Americans for thinking this, too ;)).
Recently, the government of Japan offered money to Japanese citizens who have Brazilian ancestry money to RENOUNCE THEIR CITIZENSHIP and move out of the country.
The list goes on and on. And I didn't even include the topic of this article, the burakumin-discrimination problem that is so bad that people who are seventh generation descendants of butchers cannot get hired by companies like Toyota because they are "untouchables."
Look: Japan is an awesome place to visit. The people there are almost uniformly friendly. I loved my time there. But the racism there is so bad compared to in the US. People in the US are at least aware of racism. In Japan, racism is so accepted that many (most?) people don't even see a problem with it! My first visit at a university club, the first question I was asked was (literally): "How big is your cock?" (!!!)
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Re:Definitely irrelevant (Score:5, Informative)
The things you describe do sound bad, but they don't mesh with my experience.
I'm white and was American (now I'm a Japanese citizen), and I've never noticed any significant amount of anti-white discrimination in Japan.
I've never heard of that letter to the editor you're talking about, but that could just be because I live out in the country. Still, it doesn't sound much worse than the treatment I used to see given to Asian-Americans (granted, I lived in the South, so YMMV).
As for banning foreigners, do some places do it? Yeah. Is it common? I've never seen in person a place that does it, and besides, I don't know of a single case where the foreigner in question sued and didn't win.
I've never seen a problem with the word "gaijin" and can't imagine why some people (uniformly white as far as I've seen) get so bent out of shape over it.
Also, are you sure that those people could understand you? The government tests don't test pitch, but it's vital to a proper accent.
I'm not going to argue with anti-Korean/Chinese racism because it's true. Although contrary to what you say, the zainichi issue isn't because they aren't allowed citizenship, but because they won't go get citizenship (Japan is Jus Sanguinis, not Jus Soli). Otherwise however, I do agree.
As for the nikkei Brazilians, they aren't citizens, they're foreign residents, and the deal is completely optional.
As for the burakumin discrimination, like the Korean/Chinese discrimination, it is true and awful.
Still, either I've been very lucky or you're exaggerating.
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Can't be google (Score:5, Insightful)
Surely the problem is with the discrimination within the Japanese people and has nothing to do with Google.
There is no difference between a person from one linage to another other than maybe their name and genetic make up.
Just because their great great great grandfather might have killed people for a living doesn't mean that the person applying for a job now is strange in some way.
It is obviously an old custom which is not equal and fair into days society thus the problem is not with Google.
Re:Can't be google (Score:5, Insightful)
Yah, I read this article as: "Japanese people are racist (classist, I guess), and it's somehow Google's fault."
But really, is this a surprise to anybody? The least-diverse country in the world in racist! Shocking!
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Not racist or classist, caste-ist? ghetto-ist? (Score:5, Informative)
In ancient Japan, anything to do with death, or other unclean jobs like leatherworkers, was taboo. People who did those things had to live in separate villages. Nowadays, people don't know where most of those ghettos were. Google published a series of scholarly maps that show where they are, now people can easily trace families back to these areas because Japanese family registration was fixed to ancestral address until recently.
It's like these areas are cursed to the Japanese, even if everyone's forgotten where they were, and any family originally from the area is tainted by that curse, no matter what that family has done since.
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Re:Can't be google (Score:5, Insightful)
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Mike Rowe as a good will ambassador (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Mike Rowe as a good will ambassador (Score:5, Insightful)
Um... no. The fact that a job is difficult, or necessary doesn't somehow make people more respective. Notice the lack of respect for blue collar jobs in our own culture (and probably Japan as well).
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Re:Mike Rowe as a good will ambassador (Score:5, Insightful)
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Re:Mike Rowe as a good will ambassador (Score:5, Insightful)
Yes, but look what you yourself wrote. "...rising above their station..."
You wouldn't say that about a doctor or an astronaut or a scientist. The fact that their blue collar existence is a "station to be risen above" is a subtle form of bigotry.
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How not to fix a problem (Score:5, Insightful)
If your solution to a problem is, "We need less truth" then you are probably trying to solve the wrong problem.
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
Well, when it comes to employment discrimination, it seems that allowing the less of such information to be known to anyone involved in the chain of employment is desirable.
I mean it's easier to judge applicants for their qualifications when it's all you see than when you're told that one is a young married white Presbyterian from Connecticut and the other is an old transsexual black-hispanic communist Nation of Islam-muslim from the South Bronx.
Is it any different anywhere else? (Score:5, Interesting)
Every society has its pariahs. Japan has few immigrants, so they can't just look down to Mexicans, Turks or whatever pariah-immigrant group you might have in your country.
It seems to be part of human nature that we need someone to look down at, to make us feel better about ourselves. Akin to "well, I'm not that good, but HE is WAY worse off". I'm not saying that it should be that way, mind you, I hope we can eventually overcome this flaw and compare ourselves against those that achived more, not less, but I find it time and again in people.
The cost of freedom (Score:5, Insightful)
History is ugly. It's full of all the crappy things we did, and exists in part as a document to study so we can try and improve. "Those who don't study history are doomed to repeat it", but if the ugly parts are expunged, then we are erasing exactly what's needed to avoid recurrence.
Also, all oppression begins with "We must do this to protect the innocent". Whether the darkest part of the oppression comes a month later at the hands of the current controlling authority or a century later as a result of ignorance, it still exists and is the inevitable result of censorship.
Re:The cost of freedom (Score:5, Funny)
That's what my High School US History teacher used to say.
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Reasons (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Reasons (Score:5, Interesting)
But I am much more interested why are Eta/Burakumin/Shinheimin/whoever treated this way by people who cannot possibly remember the Edo period.
For the same reason that african american citizens still get regularly handed hateful scorn by racist morons who clearly weren't alive before the Emancipation Act?
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Re:Reasons (Score:5, Insightful)
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Re:Reasons (Score:5, Insightful)
Just out of curiosity, how do you call a person who has three white and one black grand parent?
How about 'American'? I can't be the only one that is sick of the practice of identifying ourselves based on our racial background. If I wanted to I could call myself a Polish/German/Jewish/Native/English-American. Why I would do that when those connections are generations old is beyond me. I'm an American. Plain and simple.
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Re:Reasons (Score:4, Interesting)
My grandparents came to American from the old country, they called themselves Italians, America was their new home, but they were still of the old country, they still spoke the old language, english was only for use when they had no choice, and it was broken and incomplete.
My parents were born here, to their italian sires. They were Italian-Americans, of Italy, but distinctly American. They spoke Italian fluently, and tried to use it was much as possible to maintain their heritage.
I am here, third generation, American-Italian. I still trace my roots, but I am an American. I speak a few words of italian, a few sentances. I can understand most of what is spoken to me. I am of my parents lineage, but English is my native tongue.
My children are Americans. They know where their family roots are, but they do not draw much of their primary culture from it. They know a couple Italian curse words, a couple pieces of slang.
My girlfriend's family is actually italian, and that describes them to a T. In my own family, even with a bit more diverse roots it's true too. It takes a long time for culture to amalgamate, longer still when groups are (either voluntarily or not) isolated and/or discriminated against.
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Re:Reasons (Score:5, Interesting)
I once saw a black man complain about being called "African-American"; he was a citizen of the UK whose family had immigrated from Jamaica or Haiti or something. He has no objection to being called "black", but considers himself neither African nor American, and finds that label offensive.
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Re:Reasons (Score:4, Insightful)
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Re:Reasons (Score:5, Insightful)
As he should.
I once had a psych teacher refer to Africans (living in Africa, mind you) as African-American, because the discussion centered on skin color.
I have nothing against cultural sensitivity, but people should just say 'black' if they're planning on being retarded.
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Stupidest story ever. (Score:4, Insightful)
So, if a hammer is used to build a cross that the KKK burn on someone's front yard, the hammer is "enabling" racist pigs? I guess white sheets and fire enable racism too?
Please.
Google Maps is a map. If some racist/classist/hidebound Japanese use it for perpetuating reactionary stupid stereotypes, how is Google at fault?
SLOW NEWS DAY, +1
Re:Stupidest story ever. (Score:5, Insightful)
So I'm assuming you knew all about the burakumin before reading the story, and were already sympathetic to their plight. Google helped the outside world to understand a social wrong occurring in a civilized country where it shouldn't be happening, I'm not sure how that counts as a slow news day.
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Not surprising (Score:5, Interesting)
One of the main things a map communicates is the relationship that the landscape of our world has with human beings, as such it will always be, on some level, an observation or a statement about people almost more than landscape. When you think about it, the first human imposed addition to any map, borders and walls, are just demarcations of division. Once you have these on a map it doesnt take long for the mere annotation or position of these to be the catalyst for violent conflict (look at the India / Pakistan border commission in the 40s, a line on a map drawn by a man who had never been there resulting in the deaths of millions, or the status of israel in western maps versus palestine in middle eastern maps)
It really shouldnt be surprising that google earth has caused some controversy, they already label Taiwan as a province of the People's Republic of China, so they have already made political statements with the program
Re:Not surprising (Score:4, Informative)
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/10/04/taiwan_google_earth/ [theregister.co.uk]
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Best to shine a light on this (Score:5, Insightful)
At least now the bone-headed practice of this discrimination is known by the outside world, and the appropriate amount of scorn, ridicule, and disapproval can be heaped on the superstitious throw-back practitioners of the discrimination.
Companies and governments from elsewhere could check whether this practice is occurring, and blacklist Japanese companies that are shown to practice this human-rights violation.
We need a google map to show us (Score:5, Funny)
"Companies and governments from elsewhere could check whether this practice is occurring, and blacklist Japanese companies that are shown to practice this human-rights violation."
It would be much easier to do this if there was a Google map to show us who we should discriminate against.
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The majority of the Yakuza are Burakumin. (Score:5, Interesting)
Discrimination = Bad news. When honest people are forced out of honest jobs because of petty race or ancestry issues, they invariably turn either to immigration or the underworld.
Thing is, this might be creating an excuse for those carrying a prejudice against Burakumin; "Marry our daughter? Hell no. Er, no, of course it's not because you're Burakumin, we're progressive like that. It's just that your family might have Yakuza links! Yeah, that's it, honest."
Re: (Score:3, Informative)
Re:How does this help discrimination? (Score:5, Informative)
In Japan (and most Asian countries), lineage is considered much more important than it is in the U.S. If your daughter is marrying someone, it's common to check their lineage, and expected of you to offer it up under the right circumstances.
The complaint against Google is that they've made it easy to identify someone whose lineage goes back to these "scum towns" where only members of this untouchable caste could live. It doesn't matter that you're the youngest vice president at Toyota, your great-great-great-great-great-great grandfather comes from a scumtown, so you're scum too to your fiance's father.
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Re:"maps are never neutral" (Score:4, Insightful)
Yeah, maps do have a certain point of view. The finest thief in history was the first person who drew a property map.
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