Catch up on stories from the past week (and beyond) at the Slashdot story archive

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
Technology

Powered Exoskeletons In The Near Future? 377

PhReaKyDMoNKeY writes "Discover Magazine's latest issue has a story about powered exoskeletons and how they aren't terribly far off. Sounds pretty damn cool, except maybe for the centaur flatbed model. Screw a Segway, gimme one of these babies."
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Powered Exoskeletons In The Near Future?

Comments Filter:
  • diptheria (Score:2, Funny)

    by 8string ( 316088 )
    exoskeletons really BUG me.
  • Faked? (Score:4, Funny)

    by avalys ( 221114 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @07:51PM (#2851543)
    Is it just me, or does the image of the soldier on the first page of that article look like someone tried to add the "exoskeleton" in Microsoft Paint?
  • Armor baby!

    I will become the machine.

    -Rothfuss
  • by PD ( 9577 ) <slashdotlinux@pdrap.org> on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @07:51PM (#2851547) Homepage Journal
    I'm too old for the army, but I think it would be extremely fun to put on my "running pants" and motorcycle helmet and run 50 miles to work like the bionic man. I hope that the no pedestrians rule would be waived so I could use the commuter carpool lane.
    • Or like the article says jump from rooftop to rooftop... No silly pedistrians or cars getting in the way...

      With this, all you need is a blue suit, two antennae, and a City and wallah Instant Tick!
    • I wonder how fast you could go if you combined these legs with these feet [slashdot.org]
    • Rolling on wheels is much more efficient than running. I imagine that the exoskeleton should have wheels so that when you are on manageable terrain, use wheels for movement, and to negotiate tougher terrain, revert back to using legs.
      As for the whole exoskeleton vs. segway thing, why not just segway into the exoskeleton as part of the wheels? Imagine if you had one wheel on each foot, then you can just roll down the road - and if the exoskeleton has more power available to it, it makes the speed and range even better!
  • by StandardDeviant ( 122674 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @07:53PM (#2851553) Homepage Journal
    absolutely revolutionize the tactical structure of the armies posessing them. For example, if every footsoldier has the survivability of a light APC and the punch of one as well due to the increased load bearing capacity, this obviously lends a serious edge to that army. The consequences go deeper than that, as well. Becuase of increased complexity, more staff will be needed for support, and increased soldier skill will be needed. This dovetails exactly with the shift from large standing armies composed of recruits (think WW2 america or the chinese army of today) to small, highly trained special operations units (which in combination with advanced air support, are devastation incarnate, as proved in Afghanistan today).
    • by Christopher Thomas ( 11717 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:07PM (#2851643)
      For example, if every footsoldier has the survivability of a light APC and the punch of one as well due to the increased load bearing capacity, this obviously lends a serious edge to that army.

      Would it?

      You could, for example, outfit each soldier to be able to move at superhuman speed, and carry a couple of tons of equipment... but wouldn't it make more sense just to give that soldier a jeep? Same capabilities, and lower complexity and cost.

      Want to be able to move over any kind of terrain? Send a helicopter instead of a jeep.

      An exoskeleton is basically a vehicle optimized to mimic human mobility ranges. Which is silly - optimize a vehicle to work as a vehicle, and it'll be simpler and more efficient.

      Exoskeletons are really, really cool, and I want one too, but I don't think they'd be terribly useful in war, for the same reason that jet packs aren't (conventional vehicles do the job better).
      • by sterno ( 16320 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:21PM (#2851710) Homepage
        Vehicles are designed to transport, designing a vehicle to fight is less than effective. If you look at a tank, it is basically a truck to carry a big gun around, and enough armor to protect that gun so that it can blow lots of things up. In the end it's terribly inefficient, and imprecise. It's excellent for open warfare on a cleanly drawn battlefield, but for fighting house to house, etc, it is a poor choice.

        If you look at the recent history of warfare where tanks were available, look at what happens. You have the tanks run these rapid attacks that overwhelm large open territory but then you get into a village or city and suddenly tanks are useless (unless you plan to blow the city to smithereens). suddenly you are back to a style of warfare little beyond fighting with muskets and swords.

        On the other hand, if you can make relatively heavy weapons and armor available in an infantryman size package, you can get into much smaller areas and still have overwhelming force. You'll still need infantry, but this provides a signifcant augmentation to the availabilt of heavy firepower in close.

        Also, think about situations where you simply need to police a city. Policing a city with a tank is impossible because you end up killing a lot of bystanders and destroying lots of property needlessly. Having a few armored troops allows you to focus your attack much more precisely. Try chasing that rebel with AK-47 down an alley with an M1A1 and see how well it works.
      • by bourne ( 539955 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @11:58PM (#2852500)

        but wouldn't it make more sense just to give that soldier a jeep?

        No, for several reasons. Want examples? Read Black Hawk Down [amazon.com] by Mark Bowden (warning, movie is reputed to have avoided anything involving insight or thought, but I highly recommend the book. It manages to balance readable action with reasonably objective insight).

        • Bipeds (and quadrapeds) are capable of far greater mobility over rough terrain than wheeled vehicles. In the 1993 Mogadishu battle, a wheeled/armored column sent out to rescue the crew of a downed helicopter was unable to reach the helicopter because the section of the city the 'copter crashed in was unreachable by vehicle. Another column was unable to correctly move 3 blocks where troops on foot covered the distance on foot correctly, if not easily.
        • Also in that battle, every wheeled/armored column (there were 3, minimum) found itself hemmed in and redirected by obstacles thrown up by ragged irregulars with no heavy machinery.
        • As for trading up into helicopters, two of them were shot down in that battle by anti-tank RPGs which are theoretically incapable or impractical for ground-to-air shots. There's no cover in the air.
        • The trend is towards carrying more gear, and exoskeletons let you carry it without throwing away the mobility (as discussed above). Another lesson from Mogadishu: most of the elite Delta and Ranger forces left their night-vision goggles at base because 1) it was a day raid, 2) it was one more thing to carry and 3) they wanted to avoid breaking them unnecessarily. They ended up spending the night pinned down by a vastly numerically superior force, wishing they had that equipment. The ability to carry more gear more safely is vital for highly trained, well equipped "super soldiers."

        An exoskeleton is basically a vehicle optimized to mimic human mobility ranges.

        Exactly, and human mobility ranges are IDEAL for rough terrain and urban terrain. Pick a war:

        • Vietnam - dense jungle. Give me bipedal mobility. Helicopters were only useful for insertion/exit, and don't even mention jeeps. (Alternately, consider Hue, which was pure and dirty street fighting, also not good for tanks, jeeps, or helicopters.)
        • Afghanistan (Soviets, 1979-1989) - The Mujahadeen just LOVED it when the Soviets would run a convoy up a narrow canyon. Ready-made ambush.
        • Iraq (Desert Storm) - Exos wouldn't do it. Neither would jeeps. That was a ready-made tank war - but only because Sadaam wanted to rule the third-world roost with Cold War-era TOE and tactics. (hint for petty dictators: the US spent 40 years preparing for a major tank war with the Soviet Union. Soviet tanks may be great for oppressing your own villagers and scaring rich but non-martial oil nations, but don't even think about going up against the US with them.)

        Basically, there are two kinds of wars: those which offer a maneuverable battlefield, and those that don't. In the former, air superiority and ground armor (read: tanks, not jeeps) are the decisive factor. In the latter, the amount of firepower, coordination, tactical information, and maneuverability of the foot soldier is the key, and exoskeletons will allow the foot soldier to have a serious advantage in those areas, and probably to gain some armor too eventually. Note also that opponents of the US will be trying to arrange non-maneuverable battlefields, because it's becoming clear that challenging the US on that field is suicidal, just as the Arab countries have stopped starting tank wars with Israel and instead moved to terrorism and popular uprising.

        Another lesson from Black Hawk Down - the amount of tactical information available is now exceeding the ability of command elements to grasp it all. The old "fog of war" meant you couldn't see. The new "fog of war" means you can't see the forest because you've got more trees than you can take in. As information and communication equipment is pushed out to the foot soldier (remember, an exo lets you carry more) this problem will only get worse, which means that the challenge for today's (high-tech) military is to improve their information processing systems so they can keep up and use the right info to make good decisions.

        (Almost made it through without an Appleseed [lightrealm.com] reference!)

      • An exoskeleton is basically a vehicle optimized to mimic human mobility ranges. Which is silly - optimize a vehicle to work as a vehicle, and it'll be simpler and more efficient.I totally agree. My company designs and builds custom industrial automation systems (simple robotics for manufacturing is the closest explanation the most people understand).

        Anyway, this reminds me of a project I worked on a few months ago. Basically, the customer wanted a machine that would take something very much like a wound guitar string and cut both ends simultaneously. Not difficult at all. Unfortunately, the customer had an additional requirement: the cutting had to be done using the existing tool; a pair of diagonal cutters made of a particular stainless steel alloy and with handle curved so as to be comfortable for the human hand. An excellent tool if the job is being done by a human, but a really piss-poor one if the job is being done by a machine. Getting the tool securly held and properly positioned is a huge pain in the ass, and took our machinist nearly a week of guess-and-check work to get right, costing us about 5 times what it would have to build the machine if we didn't have to design it around a hand tool. And as an added bonus, every time the cutters are replaced the customer will have to send it to their callibration lab for at least a day, losing all that production time, when it could have been 10 minutes total for replacement and calibration.

        The big lesson: the human body is a really incredible general purpose machine, but you should never try to model a machine after it. For any specific task there is an optimal design, and it is extremely unlikely to resemble the human form in any way.

        That said, though, gant robot power armor is damned sexy!

        <Homer Simpson>Mmmmm... Mecha...</Homer Simpson>

    • Although we have striven much to make our weapons of war far more accurate we still have substantial problems with the fact that the only safe way to deliver these munitions is from thousands of feet in the air. It's likely that when the numbers are tallied up as many afghan civilians will be dead as US civilians killed in the WTC attack. In an increasingly interconnected world, innocent casualties are increasingly less tolerable thus making what may be necessary military action very difficult to get the political motivation to undertake.

      On the other hand if you can pack a tremendous amount of firepower and armor into a man portable unit (such as power armor). It makes it feasible to put men on the ground quickly without significantly increasing risks of casualties, etc. These men on the ground have a greater ability to precisely attack important targets than we can ever hope to achieve with a cruise missile or laser guided bomb.

      The benefit is that the combatants will be the ones who really get involved and the civilians should be able to remain relatively unscathed.
    • Military Uses (Score:5, Insightful)

      by sl3xd ( 111641 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:26PM (#2851737) Journal
      Unfortunately, I seriously doubt there would be any real military uses for quite a while, with the exception of heavy-lifting.

      It's one thing to have a device that can handle (relatively) slow, deliberate movements, and augments strength. It's a completely different matter to have a armored, fast-responding 'cyborg'.

      The biggest advantage, and use of this technology for the near term is in warehouse/repair duty. Forklifts are usually clumsy at best, where an exoskeleton could supplant (but not replace) these lumbering beasts.

      They'd be great for, say, Home Depot. This way an employee can pick up a couple of 100 lb bags of cement, and stack it in the store as easily as it would be do stack a bean-bag.

      But a military application? Not anytime soon. Let's not forget these devices require a power source. For the few minutes of operation, they'd be great. But don't forget that adding weapons and armor will do two things: SEVERELY tax the power supply, and when the power is gone, the frame makes the soldier a sitting duck for a fair amount of time while the suit is either re-charging/fueling, or the soldier is scrambling out of the suit.

      Any more armor than enough to stop standard rifle/handgun fire would weigh FAR too much to be practical for the time being.

      Even with gas-powered fuel cells... there wouldn't be enough power for an armored unit. The response time would be too great.

      A neural interface at the base of the skull (to transmit the motion signals from the soldier's brain to the suit) would speed up the response time greatly. But let's not forget that things are still bound by Mr. Newton's laws. The mass of even a lightly armored limb doesn't start and stop on a dime easily (not with enough armor to stop hand-held arms fire, anyway). It would take tremendously powerful superconducting motors to achieve that feat. But then, you're adding a cryo pack to the suit for the magnets. Even more weight and parts to break.

      Not that the military wouldn't toy with the idea; it's just that they realize the practical limitations as well. Strength-enhancing suits I can see; armored body-suits... not for a while.

      It's a great idea, until you deploy them without a heavy support team nearby. The logistics alone on an armored suit would be prohibitive. It's not like they can operate for weeks on end with only MRE's and sanitizer-tablets.
      • Although power issues remain thorny, control technologies have come a long way over the past decade. In the late 1990s, Pin's group built an artificial arm that responds instantly to commands and can load 4,000-pound bombs into F-15 jet bays. The operator grabs a handlelike device at the end of the arm's framework, and the machine follows his motions, providing force-feedback so he can feel the bomb's weight, shape, and inertia. "We had young guys from the Air Force who had never seen a computer; they were successfully loading bombs with this thing in 15 minutes," Pin says.

        and this is a good thing?

        • "We had young guys from the Air Force who had never seen a computer; they were successfully loading bombs with this thing in 15 minutes," Pin says.

          That scares the FUCK out of me. Why the fuck is someone part of our countrys high tech defense if they havent even used a computer? AND why The FUCK are they loading bombs?! Talk about a fucked up place and I live here.
          • This is how the military works. The poor dumb f*s load the bombs while the techs, pilots, and other valuable people go in the bunker or run errands well out of range... 8-)

            Seriously, just because someone isn't a hacker doesn't make him stupid. The USAF trains stupid guys as cooks or personnel clerks, not as bomb loaders. (This is why our records were always f*d up and we'd rather eat at the Navy mess hall if possible...) It's much safer to have someone used to manual labor doing the loading than some geek -- even if the AF managed to put some muscles on the geek. Manual laborers do develop a pretty good instinctive understanding of forces and balance; they can't calculate it, but they do know how far they can lean over while holding a 100 pound bomb. And if the bomb is big enough that manual lifting isn't going to do, then (at present) you've got these same guys driving forklifts or something. It's much safer to have them running a rig that amplifies their muscle power so they can use their experience in hand-loading, than running a fork truck with a half-dozen control levers that do _not_ work intuitively.
      • But a military application? Not anytime soon. Let's not forget these devices require a power source. For the few minutes of operation, they'd be great. But don't forget that adding weapons and armor will do two things: SEVERELY tax the power supply, and when the power is gone, the frame makes the soldier a sitting duck for a fair amount of time while the suit is either re-charging/fueling, or the soldier is scrambling out of the suit.



        Heh ok so you make the suit bigger, several tens of tons so it can hold a huge reactor, and we'll call it a Mech, yeah baby!

      • "Unfortunately, I seriously doubt there would be any real military uses for quite a while"

        how is that unfortunate?
        • "Unfortunately, I seriously doubt there would be any real military uses for quite a while"

          how is that unfortunate?

          Nice to see someone raise that question. Anyway, to address the issue of whether this is going to be available to GI Joe anytime soon - I don't think that's the expectation of this project. It's funded by DARPA, after all, so think of this as military brain-storming. A military use may come out of it some day, but the project won't be considered a failure if it doesn't. As many have pointed out, the civilian uses may be more important than the military ones, anyway.

      • The biggest problem limiting the performance of our aircraft is that the human pilot can't handle additional G-force.

        The reason our tanks are so damn bulky is to protect the human occupants.

        What we need is not to put a human into a bigger can. What we need is to remove the human altogether.
      • Bigger issue than the power source. After all, you can strap a 500hp V8 and a big petrol tank to someone's back.

        Perfect target for a heat seeking missile.

        HTH HAND etc.
    • I wouldn't be so quick to jump on the special forces bandwagon (which goes by more buzzwords [scoop.co.nz] than anything.) The enemies we've fought using mostly special forces have not, with the notable exception of Somalia which turned out as a disaster, really fought back. Special forces are great for routing an allready demoralised enemy - Alexander the great knew that. Now, in a world where, for political reasons, we never fight anyone who's going to fight back, yeah, special forces are the way to go, because you can't even use anybody else.

      The real interesting thing about these exoskeletons is not the heavy ordinance they let a soldier carry - the chinese make an automatic grenade launcher that is man-portable, for christ's sake (you'd have to be nuts to try firing it without pinning it to the ground, though.) If you're really concerned about improving the firepower of your man on the ground, there are a lot cheaper ways to do it - stinger missiles, RPGLs - than to put him inside a killer robot, is my point.

      Also, I'm not really impressed with how tough giant robots are supposed to make people. If you recall, back in 'nam the soldiers rode OUTSIDE their APCs for safety. Of course, the vietnamese fought back. If all your enemy is gonna do is pop off a few light rounds at you while you stomp around, you're better off in Voltron.

      The issue is portage of supplies. The sheer weight of a soldier's gear (food, water, ropes, kits, knives and guns, and so on) make the exoskeleton really attractive for that purpose. It's also a convenient platform to integrate all of these cool tactical and communications gadgets we want our soldiers to cart around, which have been making the problem of portage even worse. This does mean we could fit every man with sidewinder missiles and a tac nuke, but delta force paratroopers can allready reduce a hundred men each to hamburger, I just don't see the percentages.
    • I think that with technology like the old WASP [shreve.net], which really flew (download Real player movie [purgatory.com]), and the self balancing mechanisms of the Seqway, it would not be very difficult to have Flying ExoSkeletons as full fledged weapon platforms.

      Heck, just look at these things [solotrek.com].

      The prospects remind me of several cartoon series

    • by Stickerboy ( 61554 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:43PM (#2851812) Homepage
      Big, hulking suits of armor and powered transportation that let a single soldier outfight and outmaneuver others...

      ...is this unique? Not really. Think of the Middle Ages, when Western-style warfare was ruled by mounted knights, with their 100-pound steel suits of full plate armor and their heavy war horses. Back then, armor and equipment was more equally balanced with the lethality of weapons. Hence, small units of elite troops (heavy cavalry) could rout much larger units of normal infantry.

      When firearms started to really catch on, mounted knights slowly lost their elite status as they became less effective militarily. The balance between armor and weapons swung once more in favor of weapons, and it became more important to put lots of soldiers on the ground with weapons than it was to field small, specialized units.

      So, you have a circle between highly trained units and large masses of soldiers that starts with the Roman legions, goes through Middle Age heavy cavalry, on to the massive conscript armies of Napoleon, then to the German Panzer units of the initial blitzkrieg, to the advent of "endless wave" doctrine used to most effect by China and North Korea, and finally to the development of close air-supported special forces. I obviously focused on land warfare and still left out a lot of different military innovations and tactics throughout history, but you can see a reversible shift between emphasis on lots of weapons and emphasis on specialized, highly trained and well-protected troops.

      Maybe more importantly for the here and now, the US military has recognized the need to be flexible, and that both types of land warfare can be effective in the right situation. The many branches of their special operations troops and their huge armored divisions both have their place at the table.
      • As most westerns do we forgot the huns. There armor consited of a light but very well made silk undershirt and a heavy tunic. The tunic was very flexable and provided a large range a movement, mild protection.. but the real protection was that they were able to move on their own.. knights with metal straped to their bodies were anything but mobile. The silk shirt was used to capture an arrow head.. arrows could pierce the tunic, but not the silk.. the silk provided a package which would allow them to remove the arrow without extensive tissue damage. Light an nimble and avoiding the hit may be better then slapping on more armor and conseding the hit will occur. Worked for Atilla.. and a lesson we have yet to learn.
        • by linzeal ( 197905 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @09:24PM (#2851950) Journal
          http://www.ceu.hu/medstud/manual/SRM/armor.htm

          and I quote

          "It is fatiguing to fight in heavy armor, but fighters wearing this protective gear are far from the clumsy behemoths often portrayed in film. If armor were that encumbring, no fighter in his right mind would have bothered with it, because being slowed that much would be tantamount to suicide. Modern reconstructions have shown that fighters in full suits of mail or plate can perform cartwheels, leap up directly from the ground, and even sprint for short distances. Great endurance is obviously required to fight for long periods in armor, and men-at-arms trained in armor from childhood to be able to do so."

          Hasn't anyone else seen that discovery show where the guy in full plate does cartwheels?

          • It must be remembered that medieval armour was designed to stop swords and arrows, not bullets. This is how it could be made so light: just thick enough to stop the threat of the day but not so thick as to be heavy and cumbersome. Medieval armour would be useless today.

            (I use here the British spelling 'armour' because that type of personal protection wasn't used much in America's history. Besides, I think it looks cooler.)
      • That's not really accurate.

        Until the longbow saw regular use, battlefields were actually ruled by the sheild-wall and the spear.

        Heavy cavalry troops WERE very effective in that era, but very rarely were they available in enough numbers due to the COST of outfitting them with enough armor. It's cheaper to get 500 guys with sheilds and spears and light armor than to outfit 10 heavy cavalry "knights". They were more significant as a psychological weapon, because one guy on a horse could breach a sheild-wall, mainly because he could carry a lance at high-speed that was longer than a spear (or pike, or glaive) that a footsoldier could carry, therefore he could strike with impunity. But once the mounted "knight" took out one pikeman, his buddy would come along and unhorse the knight, and that would be all she wrote. Attacking a phalanx was still a very risky venture.

        Against poorly armed peasants is where the knight really shone though, because poorly armed peasants didn't have shield-walls and pikes. They'd pretty much turn and flee in the face of a charging horse, and get cut down as they ran.
    • It's interesting how some people immediately assume the big benefit for this technology is going to come from military use.

      Likely, powered exoskeletons are rather going to be useful in civilian use first. Cargo handling, building, disposal, rescue, firefighting - all of those are going to benefit way more than military use, where a failure of the technology has far greater dangers than in civilian use - while the big cost savings are in civilian, rather than military applications. Just imagine that bear-proof suit that got an IG Nobel award a few years ago, but with active joints.

      And don't forget that as soon as you have a real, workable exoskeleton, the step is fairly small to have two exoskeletons - One passive, worn by the operator; and one active, unmanned, working in a hazardous environment, connected together by radio.

      As a side-note, the big problem (as stated by the article) is the lack of a good artificial muscle; this is a huge problem not only in this research, but in robotics research in general. No matter how good our control systems become, we just don't have a system that even approaches the energy/weight efficiency of the muscle. Until this problem gets some headway, we're never going to see those robots we all dream about.

      /Janne
      • Wasn't this the point of the introduction to the BattleTech board game? The whole thing started with the invention of a technology that could simulate human muscle tissue.

        This is the what the whole thing hinges on, and until THAT particular technology is invented, this is never going to happen. And that's been the case for probably 10-15 years now, since the electronics and control and structural issues were pretty much "solved".
    • Nah...

      If we've learned anything recently, all you have to do is kill a few thousand civilians with little to no warning. That's a pretty hefty weapon, and all it cost is a handful of brainwashings and $1.99 at Home Depot for a box cutter.

    • How many of these suits can this army's supporting government afford to buy, supply with spare parts, and maintain?

      If this thing is $4 million dollars a suit, it would be way too expensive to outfit an entire army with them. You'd end up with a few hundred special squads at best. Put 1000 powered troops up against 1 million enemies with AK-47's, and I'd say you still don't have a fair fight. Those 1000 soldiers might have the combat effectiveness of maybe 100,000, but the COST of 1 million.
  • by legLess ( 127550 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @07:53PM (#2851557) Journal
    One of my favorite The Onion [theonion.com] articles:

    Stephen Hawking Builds Robotic Exoskeleton [theonion.com]. It's got a great photo.
  • Better use? (Score:2, Insightful)

    by lowtekneq ( 469145 )
    Great now we have even more power over our "foes". Can't we find a better use.
    Run..Its cyborg godzilla!!
  • There was a early 90s TV series (very short lived) named M.A.N.T.I.S. [geocities.com]

  • by Glowing Fish ( 155236 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @07:56PM (#2851582) Homepage

    I will believe that exoskeletons are possible when I see such other anime cliches as germ warfare, human cloning, apocalyptic events and cynical plots to form a one world government come true.


    Oh wait...

  • by Afrosheen ( 42464 )
    I wonder if you could build a regenerative motor that throttles on and off, and when it's off, it uses the person's motion to recharge. This is how electric cars recharge (regenerate during braking, etc.) so I don't see why it can't be done here. Sure, it's a magnitude smaller than an electric car, but then again, they're only shooting for 2hp not 100 or more. I think if you have someone walking, that should generate a few watts to charge it right?
    • Imaging getting a hernia while trying to walk with the generator on...

      Uuuuuuuuuuunnnnggghhhh!!!!

    • When a uses it's brakes to stop, it is taking all the kinetic energy it has and bleeding it off as heat, via the brakes. That energy is lost.. so using that energy to generate power to be used later makes good sense.

      A person walking around is not losing energy in the same fashion... they are using just what they need to move around.
    • The military is already working on such devices -- even boots that charge the soldier's radio/GPS batteries. (It was even covered on slashdot sometime in December...)
  • by Lemmy Caution ( 8378 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @07:59PM (#2851598) Homepage
    This is what I read Slashdot for. Screw the kernel updates and Microsoft vulnerabilties and intellectual property stuff. I want my Battle Armor!

    I'm worried about the dry-cleaning bill, though.

  • Power! (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Chagatai ( 524580 )
    While I would definitely want any sort of exoskeleton or bionic assistance, you have to wonder what risk there would be to the user if a power outage or surgeoccurred. I remember Discover did a piece on this about 8 years ago with a segment about the SpringWalker [springwalker.com], and they used the same picture of that engineer with the robot arm. In his left hand (hard to see), he has a master kill switch in the event the power or hydraulics goes off, as it could snap his arm. Just imagine if the G.I. Joe knockoff in the upper picture had a power surge with one of his legs. I wonder how this would factor in with the overall safety of the suit. Can't have Private Parts sprinting 80 mph into a wall, now.

    --Chag

  • Vaporware (wear)? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by AnalogBoy ( 51094 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:00PM (#2851607) Journal
    1964: Government sponsored Hardiman project. I remember reading about this in a robots book in 1997.

    Link to howstuffworks [howstuffworks.com]

    I still want a veritech fighter. I'd go to war in one of those.

    Read, enjoy!
  • Oh, oh... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by macemoneta ( 154740 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:01PM (#2851617) Homepage
    "Add a soupçon(?) of artificial intelligence and the suit could save its wearer if he is wounded. "You could send a command to take this guy home," says Stephen Jacobsen, CEO of Sarcos."

    Then so could the enemy, I would guess...
  • by daeley ( 126313 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:07PM (#2851644) Homepage
    BURKE: I heard you were working in the cargo docks.

    RIPLEY: That's right.

    BURKE: Running loaders, forklifts, that sort of thing?

    ===

    It's obvious that this is a dead-end profession just waiting to happen!!! Don't buy into the hype!
  • by Anonymous Coward
    So, when I used to work at the Atomic Dinosaur Laboratory, we used to do all sorts of anotomical structural engineering. (You know those dinosaur exhibits at museums - well, they are polysynthetic molds of the real fossils... don't be fooled). Well, for a long time, we talked about how cool it would be to take the Thorium out of smoke detectors (lessons learned in the dormitories) and an alpha source and just create a nuclear powered animatronic dinosaur... I know for a fact that, at the Universities, people talk about this stuff and draw up blueprints in their spare time... Apparently, there are some people who have started to actually build prototypes...

    Anyhow, keep an eye out for stuff like this being developed by your car companies like Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Mercedes, BMW, et al... They got the stereo-3D auto-CAD systems to design it, the robotics experience, and the polymers material science to pull something like this off in real-time and at a commercial level...

    Think about the Aliens construco-bot thing that is used for space construction... but with a Mercedes or Toyota logo on it.

    Oh - and also think about the Battle-Bot contests on TV, and your old BattleTech and RoboTech role-playing games... Think those were just games? I don't think so...

    • Oh - and also think about the Battle-Bot contests on TV, and your old BattleTech and RoboTech role-playing games... Think those were just games? I don't think so


      And more in line with the idea of a (close to) human sized suit, check out the power armor wearing space marines in Games Workshop's [games-workshop.com] Warhammer 40k.

  • by Nathdot ( 465087 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:16PM (#2851691)
    For those of you having trouble getting through to the article you can see a picture of the proposed exoskeleton here [happening.com.sg]

    :)
  • by fuchikoma ( 144790 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:17PM (#2851700)
    Right now, there's 3 specific things stopping the production and effective use of powered-suits/exoskeletons (and sadly most of the solutions still fall into the range of Sci-Fi)

    1. Power source - a portable fusion reactor seems the most likely. Flywheels perhaps, but containment is an issue. (though rupturing a charged flywheel would create some excellent battlefield fireworks)

    2. Light yet Strong building material - current alloys are on the right track, but so far the magic strength/weight ratio has yet to be found

    3. Control methods - right now, even our most advanced robotics control is stilll slow and cubersome analog input- joysticks and buttons. Something along the line of either thought-reading or perhaps datasuits that mimic the pilot's limb motions.
    • Power source - a portable fusion reactor seems the most likely

      Sorry but this is exeedingly Unlikely. Nuclear fusion at present has several characteristics that make it unsuitable at preeent.
      1) It's big. Think many tons not a few kilograms for a tokamk or other fusion plant. 2) It doen't work yet. Currently and for the near future it takes more energy to produce the fusion than the fusion produces. 3) It's radioactivly dirty - yes, as dirty or dirtier than a fission power plant. Even if 1 and 2 where fixed, tons of heavy shielding are needed to bring the radiation levels down to acceptible levels. You want to have Chernobyl strapped to your back?

      • Portable fusion is extremely unlikely. OTOH, if you are looking at combat applications (like Starship Trooper the book, not the movie), I cab't think of anything else that would give the power needed for more than a few minutes of combat in an exoskeleton. Batteries certainly won't do -- aside from the recharging cycle, the power/weight ratio isn't high enough.

        Where it's OK to be tethered (like loading cargo, construction sites, etc.), the power unit could be a big hydraulic pump & pressure tank, connected to the user by hoses. That is, wherever the exoskeleton arm needs a "muscle", you put a cylinder which is activated by letting high-pressure hydraulic fluid in and out. This gives very high power density at the user end, although it's coming from a fixed unit that outweighs him and his suit. Or a centaur unit (exoskeloton arms on the front of a truck, for example) could carry the hydraulic pump unit; this would be good for cargo handling and bomb-loading, but I don't see much use for it in combat.

        The best currently-conceivable portable power technology for combat exoskeletons is to burn fuel in cylinders, which are linked in just like hydraulic cylinders. Muscles and hydraulics let you adjust the speed and force even in mid-stroke, while with fuel-cylinders it would seem that your only control is how much fuel is squirted in, when it's lit, and when you vent the exhaust gas and let the cylinder contract. So I'm not sure how much fine control you can manage with that -- but with practice, I think a man could learn to walk and run across country in such a suit, and carry 1,000 pounds of gear or so. Even if the suit is too twitchy to allow aiming a gun with the exoskeleton, you can thus have one guy in the squad carrying artillery for the others to use. But how long would a load of fuel last?
        • An even better use for the tethered hydraulic suit: firefighting. You power the suit hydraulics with high-pressure water from the pumper truck, in a once-through cycle. That is, you plug the suit into a firehose, the water drives hydraulic cylinders in the suit, then sprays out and helps keep you cool.

          The first problem this would solve is that firehose nozzles (called "monitors") can generate more reaction force than a man can handle. Now the hose man is wearing a big, heavy exoskeleton; he clunks into position, then locks the suit and switches the water into the nozzle.

          Second of course is the risks run going into burning buildings. With an insulated, armored suit powered by an armored water hose, you can safely walk through any fire that isn't hot enough to endanger the hose. If you don't like the situation around the available door and window entries, you can punch and kick and create a new doorway somewhere safer. The armor gives you some protection against collapsing buildings -- it wouldn't have saved them at the WTC of course, but if a normal house collapses with firemen inside now, they're probably dead, with this they're probably alive. (Not able to dig themselves out because the hose is caught, but alive, and maybe shaking things around enough to make themselves real easy to find.)

          And finally, if you have to dig through a collapsed building, you can pick up much bigger pieces and toss them farther. And all the other possible uses of excess strength in rescues, wherever the hoses will reach...

          These suits would be rather expensive, with the stainless steel hydraulics and all, but it seems like they would let a fire crew get into a burning building and check for survivors faster, and at reduced risk. And in some cases there would be off-setting cost savings, e.g. if one man in a suit can handle a monitor that needed three men, then you can make some staff cuts.
    • In the article, they have pictures of an arm used for loading big stinking bombs onto planes that simply mimics the user's limb motions, and uses force-feedback so that the user can feel the weight of the bomb through the interface. So that one, at least, we have already done.
  • by Iamthefallen ( 523816 ) <Gmail name: Iamthefallen> on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:18PM (#2851702) Homepage Journal

    And from the article, I thus quote:
    Kazerooni expects partial versions will hit the market first. "A factory worker might have just a pair of enhanced arms," he says. "There will be many job-specific applications for arms alone or legs alone."

    This is providing of course that said worker is strong enough to carry and support the enhanced arms, I can't help but wonder... If a man screams in agony in an empty factory after having his arms ripped from their sockets, will there be a sound?

    • There's a strange sort of irony in your sig.

      The average has nothing to do with the middle, the half-way point, the 50% mark. The average is the average.

      In a class of 10 people if you have 9 100%'s and 1 0%, your average is ((9*100 + 1*0) / 10) = 90%. You'd be hard-pressed to find 5 out of those ten people that are below 90%.

      The word you were looking for is median. The median is the one in the middle and 50% of people are necessarily below that.

      The mean, or the average, is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values and is not related to the median at all.

      Justin Dubs
  • Why wait? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by FastT ( 229526 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:22PM (#2851714) Homepage Journal
    Forget SpringWalker and these other technologies that aren't available yet--you can get a pair of PowerSkip [powerskip.de] boots today. These were posted on Slashdot last April 1st, and many people thought they were a joke; they aren't, and you can be out running around in them and jumping cars for around $800-1000.
    • Yeah, I saw these things before. Except it wasn't the same idea.

      I don't remember where it was [on TV] that I saw this, but a woman with no legs was running on devices similar to these.

      It was really just a warped bend-y piece of metal, but she ran pretty fast on them. Seemed kinda cool - but they didn't show how she stopped. I could see her falling over.
  • > Screw a Segway, ...

    If the exoskeletons are anotomically correct enough, you just might be able to do that ...
  • The russians already have this: BBC [bbc.co.uk]. There have been other examples of exoskeleton-type things in the past as well.

    /Janne
  • It sounds from the article like they're a lot closer to something like the loader that Ripley drove in the movie Aliens than they are to a mobile infantry solution. i.e. bulky, slow and clumsy but hellaciously strong. It's going to be a long haul to refine this stuff to the high degree of dexterity needed for the applications they have in mind. But it sounds cool--good luck to them!
  • I think we need to consider internal applications first. Specifically, a powered spine for Congress-persons...
  • by Dirtside ( 91468 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @08:43PM (#2851809) Journal
    Every time I hear "Special Forces", I always think of "Special Olympics."

    I probably shouldn't let the Special Forces guys hear me say tha*CRUNCH* AAGH! MY NECK!
  • Note for military exoskeleton designers: perhaps bury the powerpack deep inside the armor; a large obvious powerpack jutting out from the rear of the exoskeleton may be counterproductive.

    Other things to consider: perhaps also do not label the powerpack "powerpack" and do not color it bright red when the rest of the armor is dark blue.
  • Imagine: the onboard computer crashes and the knee motor decides to do a 360. Goodbye leg.



    I've seen this happen on the legged robots here in the lab [mcgill.ca]. When that happens we just hit the kill switch and resolder the broken wires. I'd hate to have the "exoskeleton" kill someone because of a computer hiccup.

    • This is hardly a new thing. If a jumbo jet's computers crash, you die. All sorts of bad things would happen if hospital equipment's computers went out. Even your car's computer crashing while doing 90 on the freeway could be deadly.

      Embedded systems need to *not crash*, period. The industry has been dealing with this sort of requirement for decades, and doing a pretty good job of it, all things considered.
    • I'm very impressed with the machines built there. I'm disappointed, though, that the trend seems to be towards more legs and less balance-oriented control. I was hoping for fully self-contained monopods from that project.
  • If having an "able" fighting army is dependent upon having more and more sophisticated technology, you can bet your ass that ennemies will certainly use "conventionnal" warfare, but instead resort to shadowy fighting, à la Ossama Ben-Laden...

    It is fine and easy to level a tiny country like Afganistan, but what happens with something more like India or Indonesia???

  • by sid_vicious ( 157798 ) on Wednesday January 16, 2002 @09:01PM (#2851879) Homepage Journal
    Is anybody else dying to borrow this thing [discover.com] for a day, and track down some of the people who picked on you during high school?

    Give *me* an atomic wedgie, will you?!

    Maybe it's just me...
    :-)
  • We've discovered this article, which is an interesting read. In other news, their sysadmins have "Discovered" the Slashdot effect. Right now, I bet they're thinking "Ah, the thrill of Discovery!" ;)
  • human limitations? (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Kanasta ( 70274 ) on Thursday January 17, 2002 @12:44AM (#2852681)
    Assume we did have perfectly working exoskeletons.

    In heavy lifting, how would the weight be transferred from arms to feet? It looks like the arms module is separate from the feet module, which does not touch the ground. So would the soldier's spine be able to cope with the weight? Would his feet?

    Now the superhuman running. Would the soldier's knees and other joints be able to move fluidly at high speed for the extended time?
  • I have been reading these exoskeleton articles for longer than the holographic memory articles -- that is, a REALLY LONG TIME. Anyone remember the Hughes "Land Warrior" program? Wasn't that like 10 years ago?

    No one loves the idea of powered exoskeletons more than I do, heck, I have worn our my Aliens DVD... but I can't take another optimistic article. I never, ever want to hear about this again until I see a solider demoing one at an air show... ok, maybe when fas.org has an article on models currently deployed. I'll settle for that.

    (and I never want to hear about holographic memory until I can look for it on Pricewatch, either.)


  • While these exoskeletons look impressive and will add equally impressive capablities, they're not even in proto type yet. The suit pictured in the article is just a mockup to helpd figure out how to attach the servos and sensors. Even so, the military is definitely taking this whole concept very seriously. The suit pictured is intended as a general purpose infantry enhancement allowing a foot soldier to carry heavier weapons, more supplies, or a whole bunch of body armor. Note the "or". These suits are not the "Mobile Infantry" suits of Starship Troopers. For more info, I'd suggest going to www.darpa.gov and entering "exoskeleton" into their search box. Lot's of neat projects and white papers there. They're also working on a back pack helicopter thing that looks totally cool.

"If it ain't broke, don't fix it." - Bert Lantz

Working...