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Google Businesses The Internet The Almighty Buck

Google to be Sued Over Name? 800

WK writes "Now that Google's IPO is running, the company is on the verge of being sued by the family of Professor Edward Kasner who invented the word 'Googol' to describe a very big number. The great-niece of Kasner who was 4 years old at the time her uncle died says that although Google has brought attention to the name, it has not brought attention to Kasner's work. Google was not using the concepts, but just capitalizing on the name."
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Google to be Sued Over Name?

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  • by Anonymous Custard ( 587661 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:01AM (#9182258) Homepage Journal
    Dictionarying [dictionary.com] "Google [reference.com]":

    The World-Wide Web search engine that indexes the greatest number of web pages - over two billion by December 2001 and provides a free service that searches this index in less than a second.


    The site's name is apparently derived from "googol", but note the difference in spelling.

    The "Google" spelling is also used in "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy" by Douglas Adams, in which one of Deep Thought's designers asks, "And are you not," said Fook, leaning anxiously foward, "a greater analyst than the Googleplex Star Thinker in the Seventh Galaxy of Light and Ingenuity which can calculate the trajectory of every single dust particle throughout a five-week Dangrabad Beta sand blizzard?"
  • Re:Are you serious? (Score:4, Informative)

    by eelke_klein ( 676038 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:02AM (#9182273)

    Read: Google history [google.com]

    The first alinea goes...

    Google is a play on the word googol, which was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was popularized in the book, "Mathematics and the Imagination" by Kasner and James Newman. It refers to the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. Google's use of the term reflects the company's mission to organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web.

  • Re:Silly (Score:4, Informative)

    by Mwongozi ( 176765 ) <slashthree.davidglover@org> on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:04AM (#9182285) Homepage
    There is a connection, and Google admit it on their own site [google.com].

    From that page:

    What's a Google?

    "Googol" is the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was popularized in the book, "Mathematics and the Imagination" by Kasner and James Newman. Google's play on the term reflects the company's mission to organize the immense amount of information available on the web.

  • Re:Ofcourse! (Score:3, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:05AM (#9182301)
    http://www.google.com/corporate/

    See the bottom paragraph :)
  • Re:Ofcourse! (Score:5, Informative)

    by Mwongozi ( 176765 ) <slashthree.davidglover@org> on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:06AM (#9182311) Homepage
    Google have already done this [slashdot.org] - that link has been there for ages.
  • Re:Ofcourse! (Score:2, Informative)

    by hattig ( 47930 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:08AM (#9182339) Journal
    Considering they have not one, but three whole sentences relating to Googol in their corporate history page (someone posted it above), they have already done it.

    Sorry, but Google isn't benefitting from anything illegal or immoral here. It is only a made up word. It isn't trademarked, copyright is dubious considering it is merely a single word, and the definition must be public domain if it is a standard term for 10^100.
  • by macshune ( 628296 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:08AM (#9182340) Journal
    According to the original article in the Baltimore Sun [baltimoresun.com], the family hasn't decided to sue yet. They probably know that they don't really have a case. 'sides, all they want is to be insiders for the IPO, atm, not get zillions in punitive damages or trademark-violation damages. Of course, this could all change if they don't get the chance to be insiders for the IPO.

    So no, this doesn't really seem like a case of folks suing google 'cause they are violating the common-law trademark rights of the 4-year old who came up with "googol"...yet.
  • by Jonny Royale ( 62364 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:10AM (#9182373) Homepage Journal
    First question: Is the word Googol trademarked?

    Second:
    Years ago, Coca-Cola lost the second half of its name to the public domain, when a judge ruled that "Cola" had become a generic term for referring to soft drinks. Similarly, "Aspirin" started as a brand name and wound up as the generic name for the drug. This is why the makers of "Kleenex" brand facial tissues bother with the "brand facial tissues" part, because there MUST be a viable generic term for a defendable brand name to exist.

    -Motley fool web site

    There's several rulings about names that ARE trademarked "falling" into public domain, and it's basically, you're a victim of your own success. Since the word Googol was used as a mathematical term, and has no doubt been used in numerous papers, discussions, etc., I have little belief that this suit would succeed, since the term has definitely been in the public domain for a long time.

    That being said, it would be nice if the Google folks maybe put up some of that IPO money to help kids learn math, or something....
  • Re:Peanuts (Score:2, Informative)

    by reedk ( 43097 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:10AM (#9182374) Homepage
    Ha, even found a quote from the strip: Lucy: Schroeder, What do you think the odds are that you and I will get married someday? Schroeder: Oh, I'd say about "Googol" to one. Lucy: How much is a "Googol"? Schroeder: 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0 00,000 ,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
  • by The_REAL_DZA ( 731082 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:13AM (#9182415)
    Who's Billy DeBeck, you ask? Why, just the guy who created the comic strip character Barney Google [toonopedia.com] (you know, the guy with the "goo-goo-googly eyes"?!) and King Features Syndicate for distributing the cartoon for the past EIGHTY-FIVE YEARS (which, by the way, doesn't predate Mr. Kastner but which DOES predate the coining of the word "googol" [4reference.net] by at least a decade.)

    It's this kind of frivolous abuse of the courts that keeps real and legitimate cases that might bring about real reforms and improvements from being effective (or even successful.)
  • Re:Silly (Score:2, Informative)

    by Hansu ( 234247 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:14AM (#9182416)
    And yet they claim Google hasn't brought attetion to Kasners work? They do it on their own site [google.com]

    I'm sorry, but if this thing gets to a court room, US legal system loses it's last remnants of dignity.

  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:3, Informative)

    by Daniel ( 1678 ) <dburrows@[ ]ian.org ['deb' in gap]> on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:15AM (#9182440)
    Is the company running out of money? Why do they need to go public?

    Supposedly there's an SEC regulation that requires them to go public once they reach a certain profit level. At least, that's their excuse.

    Daniel
  • by dexter riley ( 556126 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:17AM (#9182457)
    From Toonopedia [toonopedia.com]:

    The name "Barney Google" is familiar to anyone who ever watched a TV retrospective of comic strips -- he's the guy with the "goo-goo-googly eyes" in the 1923 Billy Rose song they always play in such retrospectives. Many newspapers use his name in the title of one of their comic strips. And in 1995, he was honored by the U.S. Postal Service in its "Comic Strip Classics" series of commemorative stamps.

    I think Billy DeBeck, creator of the strip, has a better claim to prior art than the nephew.
  • by MBAFK ( 769131 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:29AM (#9182598)
    I think the word you are looking for is Neologism [google.co.uk]
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Mattygfunk1 ( 596840 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:32AM (#9182626)
    Supposedly there's an SEC regulation that requires them to go public once they reach a certain profit level. At least, that's their excuse.

    Almost. They need to report their financials once they reach a certain level. It just makes sence that if they have to report anyway to go the whole way.

  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by asdf 101 ( 703879 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:32AM (#9182631)
    The SEC regulation does not require them to go public, only to maintain their books openly in the manner of a public company.

    Given such a scenario (of being openly accountable), any company would surely consider an IPO route to raise capital from the market vs. only that headache (once again, of being accountable).
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:4, Informative)

    by N3WBI3 ( 595976 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:33AM (#9182643) Homepage
    Actually its not a requirement to go public (IKEA USA is a private company).

    When you have over 500 shareholders you have to beging acting as if you were public even if youre not. That combined with the fact their initial investors have been screaming at them to do this for a couple of years kinda pushed them over the edge..

  • Re:Silly (Score:2, Informative)

    by kublai kahn ( 742219 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:33AM (#9182648)
    Given the things that are (successfully) sued over in the US, this may not be that outlandish. First of all, "the use of a trademark in connection with the sale of a good constitutes infringement if it is likely to cause consumer confusion as to the source of those goods or as to the sponsorship or approval of such goods" (cyber.law.harvard.edu [harvard.edu]). Google is certainly using the name to make money. However, this may fail because, other than the book containing the word "googol," I don't get the impression that the Kasner family is trying to sell anything using this name. However, ever since I started using Google, I haven't been able to remember the correct spelling of googol -- so there is a case to be made for some confusion. Might one not reasonably assume some connection between the company and Kasner?

    I don't know if the inclusion of the term in a book counts. According to cyber.law.harvard.edu [harvard.edu] again, "A trademark is a word, symbol, or phrase, used to identify a particular manufacturer or seller's products and distinguish them from the products of another." So it may not be trademark infringement -- but what about copyright? From the Copyright office [copyright.gov], under "What is not protected by copyright?" we find "Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans". My assumption would be that the made-up word would could fall through this crack. Probably depends on the quality of the lawyers.

    Dictionary.com [reference.com] DOES suggest a connection, saying that "The site's name is apparently derived from 'googol', but note the difference in spelling." wordorigins.org [wordorigins.org] also suggests that Google "is a deliberate variant of the mathematical term...They altered the spelling for trademark purposes" (not that I know how the authors at wordorigins know what Page and Brin were thinking at the time).

    So. Money grubbing? Yes. Ridiculous given the things that the US system has granted copyright protection? Maybe not.

    And, of course, the obligatory IANAL.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by crow ( 16139 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:35AM (#9182667) Homepage Journal
    Nonsense. There is an SEC regulation that requires them to file reports as if they were public if they have more than a given number (500?) of shareholders and a given amount or revenue (or income? $10mil?).

    Anyway, they hit that point where they have to do the reporting work of a publicly-traded company, which meant that the added work of going public wasn't as onerous.
  • Barney Google (Score:4, Informative)

    by dpbsmith ( 263124 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:37AM (#9182688) Homepage
    ...and wait until the King Features Syndicate and/or the heirs of Billy Rose start knocking at the door. The comic strip was created by Billy DeBeck in 1919, so I guess maybe they're in the clear until the next copyright-extension law gets passed--although the comic strip still exists, as "Snuffy Smith." The song is later than that and is probably still under copyright. You all know it, right?

    Right?

    Baaaaaaaarney Google!
    With the goo-goo-googley eyes!
    Baaaaaaaarney Google!
    Had a wife three times his size!
    She sued Barney for divorce--
    Now he's living with his horse--
    Baaaaaaaarney Google!
    With the goo-goo-googley eyes!

    Well, it WAS a big hit. A long time ago.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by liam193 ( 571414 ) * on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:48AM (#9182823)
    Yes, your numbers are correct. It is 500 shareholders or $10 million in assets. The SEC [64.233.167.104] Website contains the corporate reporting guidelines set forth by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [64.233.167.104].
  • by reidhoch ( 89219 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @09:56AM (#9182892)
    It is not her father; it is her great uncle, who died when she was 4 years old.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by arkanes ( 521690 ) <arkanes@NoSPam.gmail.com> on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:08AM (#9183013) Homepage
    The name is indeed based on the word googol. Google gives credit to the inventors: I quote from the Google coporate information page:
    Google is a play on the word googol, which was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was popularized in the book, "Mathematics and the Imagination" by Kasner and James Newman. It refers to the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. Google's use of the term reflects the company's mission to organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web.
    I agree that it's a money grab. There's not even any valid trademarks for the term "googol" by itself, the only "live" ones are all part of something else, and none are even remotely related to web searching.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:1, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:10AM (#9183046)
    Microsoft coined the word Window? I am pretty sure that it existed centuries before they came around. I am not sure how that is comparable.

    And the argument against Microsoft is not that they trademarked a word but that they trademarked something that was supposedly already in common use. There are thousands of companies that have trademarks on common words (like Apple, Sun, Oracle, etc.)
  • Comment removed (Score:5, Informative)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:12AM (#9183077)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:4, Informative)

    by the unbeliever ( 201915 ) <chris+slashdot&atlgeek,com> on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:12AM (#9183086) Homepage
    The SEC oversees all companies that trade "shares" for investment. If I had given Google one million dollars in 2000, in exchange for a certain number of "shares" in the company, then I would become a "shareholder" even if they never IPO'd. I would have a vested interest in Google's future and profit margin, even though I have no employment there.

    Once you hit a certain plateau of shareholders (and profits), then you must behave like a public company in order to prevent fraud.
  • by hak1du ( 761835 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:13AM (#9183094) Journal
    Mickey Mouse is a brand name and Disney goes to great links to protect that. Same with Star Trek and Frodo.

    No, not quite. Companies have successfully made copyright claims, in addition to, or instead of, trademark claims, over characters and plots. Furthermore, many of those characters existed long before anybody thought to trademark them. And that still leaves open the question of whether trademarking them should even be allowed.

    This is nothing more than a bullshit land grab by theives. Period. They are trying to steal from Google and I wonder what snake put them up to it if they hadn't come up with it themselves...absolute crap.

    Ah, well, here we have the makings of a quality discussion: almost no content, but extensive use of emotive words like "stealing", "crap", "bullshit", etc.

    And you are so blinded by your emotional outburst and your admiration of Google that you don't even realize that I'm not even attacking Google or defending these people. I'm just making a simple point: these kinds of claims are probably not entirely out of the question under current practice. There is "nothing more" to it, other than that I would wish that current practice would change.
  • What is a Google? (Score:2, Informative)

    by Colossus ( 9063 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:13AM (#9183096)
    From google.com:
    http://www.google.com/corporate/index .html

    What's a Google?

    "Googol" is the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was popularized in the book, "Mathematics and the Imagination" by Kasner and James Newman. Google's play on the term reflects the company's mission to organize the immense amount of information available on the web.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Mr. Neutron ( 3115 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:14AM (#9183107) Homepage Journal
    I agree completely. If google.com was a fly-by-night dot com, we would not even have known of this family's existence.

    Except in just about every 6th-grade-level math book, which tell the story of how Professor Kasner asked his 9-year-old nephew to come up with a word for a one followed by one hundred zeroes.

    Not saying this lawsuit has any grounds, but the origins of "googol" are well known.

  • Re:Try again (Score:3, Informative)

    by Anita Coney ( 648748 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:20AM (#9183195) Homepage
    I'm familiar with the case, however, the Inn sold food. Thus, there was a likelihood of confusion.

  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by hoggoth ( 414195 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:21AM (#9183213) Journal
    The word 'Yahoo' comes from 'Gulliver's Travels'.
    I think Swift's estate should be preparing a lawsuit just about now...

  • Re:Silly (Score:3, Informative)

    by beforewisdom ( 729725 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:35AM (#9183338)
    But as someone else wrote "googol" is not trademarked.

    Steve

  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:3, Informative)

    by ultrasound ( 472511 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @10:44AM (#9183451)
    I know exactly where the respective countries are, because I am from Europe where our geography lessons extend outside the borders of our own country. I've also been to both, skiing in one and diving in the other.

    I was just throwing in a dumb&dumber reference that always springs to mind when someone mentions Austria.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:4, Informative)

    by Glonoinha ( 587375 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @11:10AM (#9183750) Journal
    The way I understand it they aren't doing it to 'make more money.' The powers that be have (FTC?) authorized Google to go public assuming a certain valuation of the company as a whole, so instead of picking the number of shares and coming up with IPO price, they are determining via Dutch Auction the share price and coming up with the number of shares (and selling those shares to the top guys in the Dutch Auction.)

    And yes, it pretty much eliminates insiders, which is the coolest thing I have ever heard of - unless I get to be an insider too, like the googol folks.
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by mcmonkey ( 96054 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @11:14AM (#9183785) Homepage
    No one is denying the source of the word.

    *raises hand* I am. And I'm not alone. Google predates googol, as was discussed in the May 9 Sunday Boston Globe, Feelin' Googly [boston.com]. Jan Freeman [boston.com] traces the life of google from 1380 to the present day. It seems more likely googol sprang from google, than other way round.

    The founders of Google admit they were inspired by googol, but as words of the english language, google predates, and most likely inspired, googol. Google should sue!

  • by jCaT ( 1320 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @11:29AM (#9183962)
    This is a side-note really, since it doesn't deal with the word googol, but it's at least halfway on-topic...

    I was talking to a friend who works at Google, and apparently the general consensus is that the company does not want the name of the company to be verbed like Xerox has. Like:

    "Just go google 'litigious bastards' and see what comes up!"

    I can see where they're coming from, as once a term makes it into the lexicon like there is a considerable dilution to the name. Xerox fought that for years. I'm not entirely sure the same thing could happen in this case- but I bet a lot of people were saying the same thing at Xerox in the early 80's.
  • Re:Try again (Score:3, Informative)

    by Anita Coney ( 648748 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @11:41AM (#9184110) Homepage
    I read the case in-depth in lawschool. I'd trust the case (and my memory of it) versus some writer's article about it.

  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:2, Informative)

    by potifar ( 87326 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @12:13PM (#9184452)
    According to the best estimates there are about 10^81 elementary particles in the universe.

    There is a nice qoute by Eddington saying: I believe there are 15 747 724 136 275 002 577 605 653 961 181 555 468 044 717 914 527 116 709 366 231 425 076 185 631 031 296 protons in the universe and the same number of electrons. Nothing wrong with his self-confidence ;)
  • Re:Baaahhh.... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Speare ( 84249 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @12:26PM (#9184628) Homepage Journal

    You can sue over anything and everything.

    While this is often repeated, it's not completely true. A judge can dismiss your suit with prejudice, and can even charge you with contempt or the crime of barratry, depending on how poorly conceived your suit is. It is therefore a crime to sue over some things.

  • by RazzleFrog ( 537054 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @01:09PM (#9185299)
    Xerox and Kleenex are not "on the verge" of losing their trademarks. There is no other company that uses the words Kleenex or Xerox in their product and Kleenex clearly states on the box - Kleenex brand tissue. If on the box it said Kleenex brand Kleenexes then they would have a problem.

    Under trademark law a company cannot selectively sue people for using their trademark without permission. If Kleenex let Puffs call their tissues Kleenexes instead of tissues but then sued another company for the same thing they would lose. The company must also be careful to only refer to their trademark as an adjective and not a noun. Kleenex brand tissues, Xerox brand copiers.

    Either way the point is moot. The family does not hold a trademark on Googol for any use (but other people do).

  • by SquarePants ( 580774 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @01:23PM (#9185539)
    The concept you are referring to is acquired genericism. When an otherwise fanciful or arbitrary trademark becomes "genericized", its owner looses the right to enforce it. Genericizm occurs when the trademark becomes part of every day bocavulary. Good examples are Xerox and Kleenex. In essence, a good trademark is a victim of its own success.

    Although it is difficult, a trademark owner can prevent "genericide" by policing its marks and through a concerted public relations program of correcting public misuses of its trademark (i.e., writing letters advising newspaper editors, etc. that they are misusing a trademark.)

    Xerox is the only well known mark I can think off that was declared generic at one point but was sucessfully "rehabilitated"by its owner through a lot of effort. It is no longer considered generic and if you try to use it in a generic sense you will surely hear from its owner.

    I think Google is well on its way to becoming generic and it is up to its owners to do something about it.
  • by Anita Coney ( 648748 ) on Tuesday May 18, 2004 @02:13PM (#9186374) Homepage
    I hate to admit it, but I'm partially wrong and you're partially right. I re-read the case and the McSleep did not sell food. The markets were completely different. The court held that "mc" prefix is identified to such a degree in the public's mind to McDonalds, that the likelihood of confusion would exist even if the market's are different. It specifically held that combining the "mc" prefix with a generic term is a no-no, unless you want to be sued.

    Still, that would not necessarily stop me from opening a repair shop called McDonalds, e.g., in Michigan we have a dairy and a painting company each with the name McDonald. But you're right in that it would certainly stop me from opening a repair shop called "McCarFix."

An Ada exception is when a routine gets in trouble and says 'Beam me up, Scotty'.

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