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Tiny Robots At Play, In Words And Pictures 55

justin sane writes: "The NY Times has an article about the one of the tiniest functioning robots to date.[Note: free reg. req. [?] -- t.] They faced numerous problems and build the robots layer by layer with photolithography on expoxy compounds. The microprocessor is raw (i.e. without a package to save on size). The batteries are the biggest part by far (not surprisingly). There is an MPEG of one in action as it's speed 20 in/min velocity but alas it just looked like a photo album on my M$ player--still the photos are cool. No word if they are working on a port of Embedded Linux that can run the 8k memory space though. That would be my next step, then ... Python ;-)"
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Tiny Robots At Play, In Words And Pictures

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  • by Anonymous Coward
    Here's the link [nytimes.com]
  • Take a look at the book Computational Beauty of Nature (website here www-mitpress.mit.edu/books/FLAOH/cbnhtml/ [slashdot.org] ) by Gary Williams. It contains a few nice examples of complex behavior in autonomous creatures arising from simple rules.

    For example termites can organize sawdust in seemingly complicated ways with a rule stating once you run into a piece of sawdust if you are carrying a piece drop it and if not then pick up the new piece and walk some more. There are ways to make a large number of small robots handle complicated functions without an explicit need to coordinate their actions.
  • That article is on the same robots. Take a look at one of the pictures, it's of the robot in front of the ruler, which you can also see in the mpeg from todays "news".
  • Well, I have bypassed copy control mechanisms in the past, s I suppose I could be classified as a device that could be used for that purpose... but it's not really the primary purpose that I was created for.
  • Isn't that illegal under the DMCA?
  • Username: organizedcrime
    Password: setecastronomy
  • How many people do you really think are going to get this obscure reference?

    (I wonder if they are programmed in multiple techniques?)

    -Peter


    "There is no number '1.'"
  • Great. You just described mobile spy/surveillance equipment. Easy to infect interesting regions (your enemies' houses, lawns, neighborhoods) with. Now you just have a data collection problem. I wonder if government agencies already have these.

    But it reminds me of the scene in The 5th Element where they're using a "bug-mounted bug" to monitor the president, and he smacks it with his shoe. I'll just have to start wearing bigger shoes.

    -Puk

    p.s. Sorry, this is just the paranoid in me saying "hi".
  • Electromagnetic induction power transmission will probably interfere with radio communications (between units, from control to units and in the surrounding area).

    Do radio stations intefere with one another? No. Why? Because they are modulated and different frequencies. EM waves of different frequencies(and hence different wavelengths) do not interfere with each other. Since power transmission is likely to occur at VERY low frequencies(like current AC which is 60Hz) and most communications are modulated in the 100's of MHz band, there is NO way you would have any interference.

    -----
    "People who bite the hand that feeds them usually lick the boot that kicks them"
  • I know I saw this before, but the article is certainly more indepth than the previous post seemed to be. It is however quite clever to have gone off and used bare die as the processor, although you can basically get the same effect if you are desparate by dropping a uC in an acid bath and eating away the plastic coating. Robert
  • Ummmm...could you expand on that? I don't see how "logic used to navigate obstacles" is communication.

    Sure thing. Simply put, the navigation logic isn't communication.

    Okay, less glibly, consider how you and two friends would move a sofa if there were some compelling reason not to communicate. (A sleeping tiger in the room, or whatever. Granted that doesn't rule out gestures, and I want to do that, but you get the idea.) One of you goes to one end of the sofa, the other two might abort a move to that end, one gets the other end, and whoever didn't make it to an end of the sofa opens doors and whatnot. It's really not neccesary to say "I'll get this end" except to be social.

    This sort of behavior is an extension of obstacle navigation on this premise: the way Actor #2 gets to far end of the couch is that he sees that Actor #1 is at the near end; even more generally, Actor #2 only sees that the near end is blocked, so he grabs the far end and starts moving the sofa. The fact that the other end is being supported and moved is dandy, but under this sort of behavior scheme, Actor #2 is pretty much ignorant of the fact.

    Applying this to micro-bots, a dozen of the little puppies get set to move a brick. None of them alone is capable of moving it, but all 12 go at the brick and try to push directly on it. If there's something not-brick in the way, avoid it. Adjust the angle of push so that the brick goes the right way, but constantly make adjustments, so that as new robots come in contact and start pushing, the brick goes in the right direction.

    The long and the short of it is that the robots don't have to know that they'll have help, or supposedly be cooperating. The programmers needs to understand that, and abstract the knowledge out of the algorithm coded into the bots.

    Sorry to be long winded, but my grasp here is a little fuzzy, so I'm try to lay out everything I know in the hopes of getting something accross.

    Ushers will eat latecomers.

  • Err... do-able? 2 inches?
  • . . . once again rears its ugly head on Slashdot. This is an oft-repeated aspect . . ."but alas it just looked like a photo album on my M$ player" - is this really necessary? I mean, yes, it's a complaint and a valid one, but do you really need to call Microsoft M$? MS is fine, but Linux is not the Ultimate OS. And Slashdot claims to be "News for Nerds. Stuff that Matters." not "News for Linux users. Stuff that Matters to Them."

    I suppose if I wanted to do the same thing in reverse, I could say "but alas it wasn't viewable on my Linux box, since it doesn't have good drivers for my video card and I don't feel like tangling with dozens of packages to try to install a full windowing system in a restricted amount of hard drive space". But I don't, because my Linux box isn't built for that, because I don't use Linux for that. Whereas if you think Microsoft's mpeg viewer is slow, there's a real simple solution, folks - DON'T USE IT. Even if you're stuck on Windows, there *are* other mpeg viewers - I avoid Media Player also.

    Bah. Enough rant for a situation that's been rehashed over and over :/

  • This *should* seem familiar - THIS STORY WAS POSTED ON SLASHDOT [slashdot.org] only 18 days ago. Before the fucking NY Times article.

    /. has finally gone completely up it's own arse, and "timothy" should be taken outside and shot.
  • Subject: RE: (no subject) Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2001 10:12:44 -0700 From: "Heller, Edwin J" Hello Thank you for your interest in our mini-robots. We are sorry to say that at present, we have no spares to offer, and older models are refurbished with new technology as we develop it. As a national laboratory, it is not our practice to distribute our technology without very special arrangements. Thank you Ed Heller
  • No, CPUs, RAM, DVDs, and TCP/IP don't exist in nature. Like I said, I'm pretty sure the founding fathers of the CPU were inspired by the human brain, and they knew darn well that what they were building was not a brain. It wasn't parallel. It fetched and executed instructions sequentially. It accessed memory linearly. It didn't use chemical reactions at a molecular level. These are all advantages a biological brain has. And thank god that they didn't limit themselves to that paradigm. We wouldn't have computers today if they had to be natural.

    My point is that if designers limit their concept of cooperation between individuals to what nature has implemented (with visual, audible, electrical, or sensory communication), then we'd be sitting still technologically.

    Do what works now. Then refine, refine, refine.
  • And here's the ultimate argument against communication-free robots: They don't exist in nature.

    He's right, you know. Most robots in nature are fantastic at communication. [snicker]

    Seriously, dude, that's also the ultimate argument against CPUs, RAM, DVDs, TCP/IP, Fast Fourier Transformations, floating point division, and possibly about a thousand other technologies and techniques in computer science: They don't exist in nature. So? I'm sure many inventors have been inspired by nature and occasionally model things after nature, but thank goodness they have the sense to abandon what nature does with pheromones, hormones, synapses, and chemical reactions when we're stuck working with motors, gears, and instruction cycles.
  • I actually have this terrible problem where I hit "submit" instead of "preview". I meant to say
    Are they, ahem, "fully functional" in the Cmdr. Data sense?
    but it was too late. Is a ST:TNG reference really that obscure? I feel old.
  • Are they, ahem, "fully functional"?
  • maybe because I work in surface mount electronics that size seems easy.

  • My thoughts exactly. But all you do is make it like a sumo match or restricted rules and the match wouldn't last that long. This size takes exotic manufacturing techniques. A two inch size will still be fun and doable for most hobbyists
  • Wow, that would be one small sofa!!!


    Sometimes I get a little geeky, and I frignit all over the place.
  • The robots name was Johnny 5. He was the fifth in a series of killer, military robots, hence the over the shoulder zapper thingy.
  • No disassemble Number Five!
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • So when are we gonna see these guys on battlebots?
  • HAHA! I bet tomorrow we will see this headline "Allchin gets responded to by RMS"
  • Gee, I know it's just swell and all, but most of us dont wasnt to sign up for a username/login/spamlist, to see a NTY article. Please reference another source, or don't post articles.
  • So, now there are a few tiny, autonomous robots. It's just a matter of time when they will be used for medical purposes.

    And they might be capable to reproduce themselves one day...

    I really hope I won't ever be invaded by millions of micro-robots.

  • We now introduce the sub-ounce wieght class :D
  • by Anonymous Coward
    The old "partners" trick stopped working, but you can read the article by replacing the "www" in the URL with "channel".
  • tthe death by a trillion pin pricks . . .

    But they might be quite useful if we're ever invaded by armed paramecia . . .

    Even better, we could use them for mounts for the Yeast Brigade, so it would be cavalry . . .

    ;)
  • Some would argue that BEAM type analog robots (invented by Mark Tilden) are not really "fully functioning" but they do exhibit quite a deal of complex behavior and even a rudimentry short term memory due to feed back loops in their simple Nv/Nu transistor networks. Well any-way the point is that thanks to SMT packages and the simplicity of the circuits involved these autonomous little electronic creatures have been nearly this small for years! oh yeah, and usualy solar powered... here's a couple of pictures of robots ive seen...these are all simple photo-tropic ostacle-avoiding devices with tactile and IR sensors... http://www.beam-online.com/Robots/Galleria/Large/o pticPopperFL.JPG http://www.beam-online.com/Robots/Galleria/Large/T hermoWpenL.JPG http://www.geocities.com/frankendaddy/Smiley.html http://www.sierranet.net/~polygon/twitch.html these aren't even the smallest i've seen, just some of the better sites with pictures. if you want more infor on how to build your own BEAM type robots, www.beam-online.com is a good place to start looking.
  • Hmmmm....

    Does Battlebots have a super-lightweight division???
  • First of all, didn't we just see this recently? I could be wrong, maybe it was some other news source.. Too lazy to go search for it.

    But come on folks. Did you look at the thing? It's really not all that impressive. Sure, it's kinda cool. But impressive in any way? Not really. They mention all the nice techniques they use to miniaturize the electronics, and yet after all that work it has nothing but one single temperature sensor?

    I am working on an extremely simple, very tiny robot myself. Very similar to this one in fact. I have access to none of the expensive things these guys do. In fact it will probably cost me about $20 total. Granted, it will probably be slightly larger. But it will also do more.

    I don't mean to be so negative.. And in fact my response isn't so much to the article or the guys doing the work on the robot, rather than to the comments I've seen on Slashdot. Come on, folks. A machine that can barely climb over a dime on a level table is going to have a bit of trouble traversing even the smoothest parts of Mars. Even using them for surveilance would be silly. (Although this is actually one thing I'm thinking of playing with, simply for fun. Have it seek out audio in the range of human speech, and relay back what it hears. <evil laugh>)

    The hardware is really not all that impressive. I have beside me two pager motors, which I'm using as the main drive system of my own tiny robot. They are roughly half an inch long, and about as thick as a pencil. Now align them in parallel, one with the shaft facing left and the other with its shaft facing right. Attach them to some small "tank treads" and you're in business. A drive system in about 1/2" square. The device they show doesn't even seem to need a microcontroller, it could be built to do the same with analog electronics. My mini robot has a "brain" of an 8-pin microcontroller, which has 6 I/O pins, leaving me plenty of room for expansion (light sensors, bump sensors..). Certainly it will get larger than the device shown. But not by very much, and its functionality would be superior (in this incarnation, at least). Sure, they have plenty of work left to do. I just think that we're all getting a little too ecstatic about something that's very very simple...

    Shameless plug: Go to Indiana University? Join the IU Robotics Club! We're just getting started up.

  • by morie ( 227571 )
    There we are, cruisin' along, and all of the sudden people start putting coins in our way! Luckily, being a miniature monster truck, we can take those babies!

    seriously, it looks very cool, but will it actualy *do* something? Will it cary tiny loads etc?

  • Okay, less glibly, consider how you and two friends would move a sofa if there were some compelling reason not to communicate. One of you goes to one end of the sofa, the other two might abort a move to that end, one gets the other end, and whoever didn't make it to an end of the sofa opens doors and whatnot. It's really not neccesary to say "I'll get this end" except to be social.

    But this only works as long as we both have the same plan in mind. It's obvious that both ends of the sofa have to be lifted and that the door needs to be opened. But what happens when we get to the door and the sofa needs to be turned? I start turning it on it's back so you follow suit, great. Still doesn't fit. I have the idea standing it on end, so I put my end down. Thinking I want to rest, so do you. Now I have to come over to your end to lift it up--but I can't, the sofa is in the way. I lift my end up instead--and you lift yours. OK, we'll just move the sofa back in the room and turn around, that way I (the only one with the right plan in mind) will be on the right side of the doorway. We do that. Now I need to lift my end up to stand it on end, but you need to put yours down--how do I make you do that?

    With robots, I suppose the second actor could match the first actors actions against some kind of internal list of strategies to see which one it is employing. Then it could take the role labelled "helper". The trouble is, flexibility requires more scripts which entails more possibility for misunderstanding on the part of the second actor. It would take forever to get anything done. Simply put, acting in concert requires an overarching plan. If that plan is non-obvious, communication is required.

    And here's the ultimate argument against communication-free robots: They don't exist in nature. If evolution could have gotten by without building the incredibly complexity of the human language system by some means as described above, it surely would have. Ants communicate via pheromone trails. Bees communicate with dancing. If they could have done without these systems, why don't they?
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • Electromagnetic induction power transmission will probably interfere with radio communications (between units, from control to units and in the surrounding area). But you've got the right idea. Why not use solar? This only works in the sunlight (duh), but if we are talking about exploring other planets (as another poster mentioned) that's not such a big deal.

    Of course, if you want to implant these somewhere (a body, a mine, etc) that won't work so well. OTOH, neither with broadcast power, especially underground.
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • ...to be on the receiving end of THAT scheme.

    There I am, standing around outside. *clunk* An interplanetary space probe lands next to me. *sssss...chink!* It pops open. Out "spews" (your word, not mine) a horde of tiny beetle-sized creatures. Creepy.

    In any case, they aren't necessarily all that great for "exploring new habitats". Think about it: they are too small to move anything or contain any internal testing equipment. You probably can't put a lens on the thing that's big enough to show you more than about 5 grains of sand. It might be OK as a low-cost first wave to determine average temperature, etc--but you really need a rover-style device to actually EXPLORE.

    However your "collaboration" comment gives me an idea. Shoot a bunch of these guys at the planet, say 1 million of them. In parallel, they determine the 100 most promising areas of the planet to concentrate on. The split into 100 teams of 10,000 each and home in on the centers of those areas. Only about 1 in 10 will make it and those 1000 join together (panda-monium!) to make a much larger unit capable of doing more extensive work.
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • "Essentially, the idea was that robots could use much the same logic they use to navigate an arbitrary set of obstacles to co-operate to acheive a task without needing to communicate anything."

    Ummmm...could you expand on that? I don't see how "logic used to navigate obstacles" is communication.
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • "Have you ever really watched a load of ants try to move a leaf ? If you watch closely, you will see them pushing the leaf every which way and from every direction. A simple hypotheses is that any movement problem is easier to solve some ways than others and eventually the ants with the right idea 'outvote' the ones with the wrong idea."

    And in the end, what did they accomplish? They moved a leaf. Big deal.

    Off the top of my head, I can think of three ways to run a "many agent" system:

    1) Like ants as you describe. The problem is that if the only workable strategy requires going over a "hump" in parameter space, this won't work. Think of it like evolution. In order to reach a goal, every mutation has to make sense on the way there. Evolution can't do something now to "lay the groundwork" for something later. Same with ants--if they need to perform some non-obvious preparation step it just won't happen. Adding intelligence could help with the foresight issue, but intelligence isn't enough to solve this problem because there's no way to coordinate plans so everyone knows WHAT preparation needs to be done.

    2) Hardwired strategies. But we all know how inflexible those are.

    3) Communication with at least one intelligent agent in the group. Now an over-arching plan with foresight can be created which will then be executed with the rest of the group essentially being extensions of the intelligent member's body. With humans, this is exactly what happens. I say "put your end down and hold it while I lift mine". Or you think of something and say "turn it over backwards".

    What I should have said in my previous post was "communication-free robots that perform difficult, non-obvious tasks don't exist in nature".
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • "...CPUs, RAM, DVDs, TCP/IP...don't exist in nature."

    Don't they? Brains, memory, language all fullfill the same function. "Robots in nature" ARE fantastic at communication...we're doing it right now.
    --
    Non-meta-modded "Overrated" mods are killing Slashdot
  • by hawk ( 1151 ) <hawk@eyry.org> on Friday February 23, 2001 @06:14AM (#408411) Journal
    You want to build a Beowolf with these things . . .

    :)

    hawk
  • by joshv ( 13017 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @03:51AM (#408412)
    why this things needs a microprocessor? All it seems to do is move forward, not much bit munching needed for that. It did not even appear to do anything even as simple as tracking a light source.

    Maybe they are running some sophisticated AI code like the following:

    while (battery_PCT()>10) {
    move_forward();
    }

    -josh
  • by commanderfoxtrot ( 115784 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @02:52AM (#408413) Homepage

    Surely the aim of this research is to see how small it is possible to go and then make it larger?

    Now that it has been shown how to make such a very small robot, the techiniques &. learnt can be used to make more practical robots the next size up, with more power, commmunications and logic systems.

  • by Goldberg's Pants ( 139800 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @12:57AM (#408414) Journal
    The show "Robot Wars" using these? They'd have to put it on Pay Per View, the matches would last hours.:)

    ---


  • Frankly I don`t think putting things like this on the Marsian soil is going to give us a propper mapping of the surface. The terrain they can cover is practically unsignifficant, I suspect they`re not really protected from crashing into holes or gliding from slopes, and their broadcasting resources are limitted. It`s probably better if we could put bigger and more robust wheeled vehicles on the surface since they have better navigation capacities. But I agree that the distributed peer 2 peer broadcasting approach would be a nice angle :)

  • by A1kmm ( 218902 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @12:50AM (#408416)
    15-20 minutes is probably not enough time for the robot to last in the tasks advocated in the article for it to complete, so why not use some sort of alternate energy source - perhaps electromagnetic induction from an "energy transmitter"? It only needs a relatively small energy intake, and it will only move relatively small distances from where it is deployed.
  • by s00bf153 ( 306906 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @12:45AM (#408417)
    Anyone remember Inner Space. God, this thing could cure my bad back.
  • by Baldrson ( 78598 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @03:17AM (#408418) Homepage Journal
    Amazing that Forth [forth.org] might still be good for something. I didn't think they made memories that small anymore. I mean 8K bytes is about what Western Electric was limiting the Viewtron videotex terminal to in 1981 when I tried to get it's ROM burned with Forth so we could dynamically download graphics macros. Efficient use of RAM as well as 1200bps modem bandwidth. (This is, in fact, what gave rise to Postscript subsequent to our visit to Xerox PARC.)
  • by Nyarly ( 104096 ) <nyarly.redfivellc@com> on Friday February 23, 2001 @02:21AM (#408419) Homepage Journal
    When I was in school, one of my profs had done his dissertation on the idea of robotic collaboration without communication. Essentially, the idea was that robots could use much the same logic they use to navigate an arbitrary set of obstacles to co-operate to acheive a task without needing to communicate anything. Prof's name was James Jennings, and he pretty much made my upper level education worthwhile.

    It seems that this sort of behavior would be ideal for these little bastards. I mean, they're cute and all, but radio transmission would zap their batteries, and coordinating communication would eat all their memory. But a small growth in memeory size would be enough to manage the sort of navigation algorithms I recall.

    Unfortuantely, mass produced these things are supposed to run a couple hundred USD, each. Tough to rationalize many handy applications for that. Even cat entertainment seems to be a little overkilled by that sort of investment (although they do seem ideal, don't they? Maybe not fast enough.)

    Ushers will eat latecomers.

  • by MWoody ( 222806 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @01:18AM (#408420)
    Somewhere, in a bunker deep within Area 51, a team of scientists is already working on a tiny little gun to stick on this thing. Ah, well, it's a sure way to get funding.
    ---
  • by MikeCamel ( 6264 ) on Friday February 23, 2001 @01:02AM (#408421) Homepage
    We finally seem to be getting down to a decent size for planet exploration. Harden them up a bit, and drop them over a terrain. They shouldn't need much cushioning, as they'll weigh very little.

    Give them a single burst radio broadcasting capability, so they can report back, and you're away. Cheap, light, low volume - how many can you fit in a Mars probe? This should be great way of exploring new habitats.

    One alternative to just dropping them is to land, and then spew them out - that way you get a lot more detailed information about a small area, and can control them so that if one of them finds something interesting, they can all go and investigate. Next step, of course, is to allow them to collaborate, and decide to do it themselves.

"Here's something to think about: How come you never see a headline like `Psychic Wins Lottery.'" -- Comedian Jay Leno

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