ASCI White Detonates The First E-Bomb 566
totallygeek writes "Redefining the term vaporware, research scientists at Lost Alamos and Lawrence Livermore Labs detonated two computer simulations. ASCI White, the world's fastest supercomputer, ran the simulations of nuclear explosions. Scientists can now study nuclear weapon replacement components without violating the nuclear test ban, in effect since 1992.
Each simulation used more than 6.6 million CPU hours, which would take home machines 1000 years to complete. The data for each experiment was equivalent to 35 times the information available in the Library of Congress. ASCI White currently operates at 12 teraflops, but by early next year, Los Alamos expects to operate at 30 teraflops.
The seven month research project ended last Friday, and now the system is ready for use, after its sucessful testing."
Might as well bet this out of the way: (Score:3, Funny)
Someone... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Someone... (Score:2)
No...
Someone set up us a beowulf cluster of these!
it may take 1000 years to simulate on a home comp. (Score:5, Funny)
Re:it may take 1000 years to simulate on a home co (Score:3, Funny)
wired (Score:2, Interesting)
Neutron Bombs aren't good bunker busters (Score:3, Informative)
Bunker busters are also lower yield than city busters, but that's because there are times you want to make a 100-ton or 1 kiloton hole in the ground without having to haul in a kiloton of high explosive or making a 20kiloton Hiroshima-sized hole in the ground and wiping out the city. Similarly, "Tactical nuke" is defined as "Designed for use in Germany" -- some of the nuclear cannon shells are designed for taking out Russian tank forces without wasting the country.
But yes, both of these are relatively scary, in that they lower the threshold for nuclear use to some thinkable, as opposed to Mutually Assured Destruction. This did deter the Russians, but it also made it easier for the US to step on Russian satellites so it wasn't decreasing the chance of war, just changing the terms and the probable battlegrounds.
Whoa... (Score:4, Interesting)
So, uh... (Score:2)
Oh wait, their massive-parallel (Beowulf cluster, if you will) was probably running AIX, [ibm.com] nevermind.
But it would be nice to see the "fallout" of such a huge bluescreen.
(-1, Bad pun.)
Re:So, uh... (Score:2, Funny)
Great Advances (Score:5, Funny)
: )
Re:Great Advances (Score:2)
It's a good start, but... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:It's a good start, but... (Score:3, Funny)
1) an incredible number of AOL CDs. The exact number is to be determined via further testing of ASCI White, once it's reached further performance milestones.
2) Lawyers and Insurance salespeople. (see also: cockroaches)
Next up: Damnation Alley scenarios, yeehaw!
RS/6000 (Score:2)
So when I head down to the lab and hunch over the network code for my rs6k machines I can think "these machines are the bomb!"
It'll make me feel better when I crash them with my device drivers.
Nice... (Score:2)
SETI@home (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:SETI@home (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:SETI@home (Score:2)
Not only that, but unlike SETI@Home, each calculation is dependent on the data generated by the previous set of calculations. S@H is just crunching blocks looking for data, much like D.net.
The nuclear simulations require an immense amount of data to be continuously generated as you go through each millisecond of the explosion. Or nanosecond? However small you need each time dataframe to be in nuclear physics.
Re:SETI@home (Score:5, Informative)
Re:SETI@home (Score:2, Informative)
Re:SETI@home (Score:5, Insightful)
It all depends on the screen saver (Score:4, Insightful)
They could give a shit if it meant speeding up the extermination of homo sapiens.
Re:SETI@home (Score:4, Funny)
Welcome to Iraq. Please download your copy of sadam@home...
--locust
Re:SETI@home (Score:2)
Not at all! [slashdot.org]
Re:SETI@home (Score:2)
Re:SETI@home (Score:4, Insightful)
Also data size would be a contributing factor. In many of the gasseous simulations we run it is not uncommon to have multi-gigabyte data sets (in fact we have even had more than one request for multi-terabyte storage - we didn't have that much on the entier cluster). Not only is this hard to transfer/maintain in a timely manner on a broadband connection the home users machine would have trouble with it. Most hard drives out there could withstand it even when full of mp3's but you also have to take into account what data needs in memory at one time. Most new computation clusters have at least a gig of high speed ram in them and it is still not really enough.
And lastly as far a secrets go, you will not need the entier data set to glean information from the data. Just the algorithms used to process the data may be classified (if they simulate our nuclear weapons well enough you will probably learn something classified about thier construction).
oh, yea, unless the algorithm in question is ridicuosly parrallel there is a lot more going on than small computations that a larger computer puts together going on. Computations such as SETI@home are a very narrow type of distributed computation and does not occur very frequently.
Re:SETI@home (Score:5, Insightful)
Running programs in parallel is pretty difficult; you have to figure out how to divide the problem amongst different processors. Some problems (which are said to be `embarrassingly parallel') are easy to do this -- every different processor just searches a different part of key-space for a key to decrypt a code, or a different part of frequency-space looking for a signal. There doesn't have to be any sort of inter-process communication to speak of in these problems.
A fluids or mechanical (or combined) simulation, however, requires lots of communication between computational elements. Each processor is simulating some region of space, and it constantly needs information about the fluid all around it to know what to do next. (Is a shock wave coming from the left?)
And even fluids/mechanics simulations are simpler than simulations involving long-range forces like gravity. In that case, every single computational element probably needs at least some information from every other computational element!
In cases like that, highly-distributed computing a la SETI@home won't work. Whereas for brute-force code-cracking, or searching for signals in reams of indepdendant data, it's perfect.
Shall we play a game? (Score:2, Funny)
Maybe we could talk them into running a Medal of Honor: Allied Assualt? They could bill is as a "stratigic nazi slaying simulation".
so when they said the system was "da bomb" (Score:3, Insightful)
seriously tho, 30teraflops is impressive... we need to put this to work on the cancer research projects as well.. can't let the nuke boys have all the fun..
Re:so when they said the system was "da bomb" (Score:4, Insightful)
It is not cancer, but there is much noted on ASCI White being used for Weather prediction, which does save countless lives yearly.
Re:so when they said the system was "da bomb" (Score:3, Funny)
They auction off server time to people who want to have the ultimate round of Counter-Strike and then donate the money to cancer research.
Cancer research? (Score:2, Funny)
Re: (Score:2)
Re:EBomb, wrong Name (Score:2)
I love marketing text (Score:4, Funny)
Obviously within a limited problem scope that the machine would be good at. I just wish they were a bit more explicit about this so that non-techies won't tell me how they're worried that machines will be watching them and manipulating them ala-HAL all of a sudden.
Then again why would a non-techie even browse to that page anyway? Never mind.
Am I the only one... (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Am I the only one... (Score:2)
Where's the Kaboom? (Score:2, Funny)
First 3D simulation... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:First 3D simulation... (Score:2)
That's right. They were also only simulations of the first few miliseconds of the detonation IIRC.
Unsatisfying... (Score:2)
I'm sorry, but running a computer simulation can't be as satisfying as seeing something you've created cause a REAL mushroom cloud...even at the expense of growing an extra eye and a tail.
Re:Unsatisfying... (Score:2)
Because the Kamikaze (giant nuclear explosion to kill yourself and all around you)wasn't introduced into Q3 until the Team Arena expansion pack?
:)
Re:Unsatisfying... (Score:2)
Well, sure, but that just means ACSI White needs a better video card to render it :-)
Hmm, 30 teraflops, huh? OK, assuming Moore's Law holds up, who's up for requesting that Doom VIII having a "REALLY, REALLY, REALLY, WE MEAN IT, YOU DON'T WANNA USE IT, NO MATTER HOW COOL IT LOOKS, BFG"? :-)
Other uses? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Other uses? (Score:4, Informative)
2^128 ~= 3.4 x 10^38
1 tera = 1 x 10^12
3.4 x 10^38 / 1 x 10^12 = 3.4 x 10^26 seconds.
10^26 seconds / 86400 seconds/day / 365 days/year ~= 1.1 x 10^19 years = 11,000,000,000,000,000,000 years to brute force 128 bit encryption.
but wait, there's more! in fact, you'll probably find the key after only half of the keyspace has been examine, which is a mere 5,500,000,000,000,000,000 years.
I'd say it'll be a while yet.
A Taste of Armageddon... (Score:5, Funny)
The title of the Star Trek episode where warring
planets conducted battles completely thru computer
simulation. This advance takes us closer to that
future possibilty.
But, instead of modeling Nuclear detonations, I
think the interests of warfare could also be served by setting up an ASCI White as a massive
international UT server, and let national conflicts be settled by a nice game of capture
the flag.
Best two out of three?
So what is there next project??? (Score:2, Funny)
With this thing's horsepower I would expect to have conclusive findings of extra terrestial life within a matter of weeks and be shaking hands with E.T. by the end of summer...
Also, I must throw in the obligatory comment of "wouldn't you just love a beowulf cluster of these things...".
This article was posted not long ago... (Score:4, Informative)
Anyone else read that wrong? (Score:4, Funny)
Wait... ASCII, dumb terminals, email bombs, endless buzzers...it's all coming back to me now.
Isn't this out of date? Next will be "Mainframe successfully runs up to ten users on terminals"
Oh, wait, nuclear bombs simulations. Ok. Never mind. Sorry.
Imagine... (Score:2, Funny)
and yet (Score:3, Informative)
The only way i can explain this is that some people actually want other countries to develop nuclear capabilities. Which is not that far fetched actually.
Re:and yet (Score:2)
I don't fear any counrty that developes it's own nuclear bomb - a cretain amount of civilisation is required in order to achieve such a feat. It's he countries/groups that buy their nukes that scare me.
The same corelation can be made with guns - it's not the hunter that can make his own rounds that you should fear, it's the street thug that traded his welfare check for a "saturday night special" that will wind up killing somebody.
Re:and yet (Score:2)
Iraq has a cretin amount of civilization. Doesn't that worry you?
civilization? (Score:4, Funny)
I don't fear any counrty that developes it's own nuclear bomb - a cretain amount of civilisation is required in order to achieve such a feat.
Specifically, you need Nuclear Power and Rocketry, plus you need to build the Manhattan Project. Except the damn Mongols keep put SDI Defense everywhere.
this is not a good thing (Score:2)
Nuclear proliferation will not improve your lives in any way. It has a good chance of making you paranoid and miserable, and a very small chance of killing you and everyone you care about.
Re:this is not a good thing (Score:2)
It doesn't create nuclear bombs, it allows people to
a:build cleaner bombs. IF someone is going to use the bomb, they will use the bomb, with or without this simulation. Quite frankly, I'd rather they used a clean bomb, perferable air burst.
b:Help us figure out whats going on with our aging nuclear weapon.
b:
Whoa. (Score:2)
Or prevent e-David Banner from turning into the e-Hulk?
In other news... (Score:5, Funny)
12 teraflops (Score:3, Funny)
progress (Score:2)
Don't mess with us, we're craaaazy (Score:2, Insightful)
There's no point in improving our nuclear arsenal if we're not prepared to use it. This is NOT the message we want to send out to the rest of the world!
There are sound engineering/technical reasons, which military tech buffs are fond of pointing out, why it would be safe/acceptable to make controlled use of nuclear weapons. The military tech buffs are probably right as far as that goes, which isn't very far. If we're serious about controlling the proliferation of suitcase nukes we have to act multilaterally.
Improving our nuke arsenal - especially after the foreign press has been filled with ill conceived threats/discussions of the possibility that we might use it - is shameful and stupid. We can intimidate the rest of the world into going along with us in public; we don't even need our military might to do that (although it does help), our economic clout is sufficient to scare the pants off of anyone with anything to lose.
What we need, not just to defend ourselves, but to enrich ourselves, to enhance our prestige and enrich our increasingly-international culture, is international good will.
Designing and building thermonuke depthcharges, bunkerbusters and tactical neutron bombs is NOT the way to go about that. If we're not going to build the things, we shouldn't waste the resources designing them.
Re:Don't mess with us, we're craaaazy (Score:2)
Well, duh. There's no point in even maintaining (let alone improving!) a nuclear arsenal unless you're prepared to use it.
Look up "Deterrence".
We have a nuclear arsenal. We've maintained it for 50 years. And we've stated (for the better part of those 50 years), under what conditions we are prepared to use it.
> Designing and building thermonuke depthcharges, bunkerbusters and tactical neutron bombs is NOT the way to go about that. If we're not going to build the things, we shouldn't waste the resources designing them.
Eminently true -- I conclude, therefore, that we are going to design them, or at least do as much of the design work as possible, so that if we decide we need to build them, we can do so at a moment's notice.
That's not being rash, that's being prudent.
> What we need, not just to defend ourselves, but to enrich ourselves, to enhance our prestige and enrich our increasingly-international culture, is international good will.
Peace in our time, eh?
Dude, what's it like, chanelling the spirit of Neville Chamberlain? :-)
Rods to the hogshead... (Score:5, Interesting)
The Library of Congress was an interesting comparison back when CD-ROM drives were first becoming popular 10 years ago, and laymen had no clue about the storage capabilities of computers. Now it's just plain stupid.
Imagine if hard drives were specd in KLOCs - thousands of libraries of congress.
I looked this up... (Score:3, Interesting)
That's a little hard to believe - I figure 10TB would be on the order of 20 billion printed pages of text.
Seti@home does not compare (Score:2)
Simulating nuclear explosions however is the sort of problem that requires the generation of massive amounts of data and intensive communications between computing nodes. Not something that's going to work well over a dialup connection...
-josh
proliferation concerns (Score:2, Interesting)
The spirit of the law (Score:3, Insightful)
The test ban was enacted so that nations would STOP designing better planet-busters. Now we have shown that it is possible for people to design nukes in thier basement (assuming their basement has a 12 teraflop computer).
Should we feel any more secure knowing that India and Pakistan can now quietly design better atomic arsenals to annihilate each other with?
Re:The spirit of the law (Score:3, Insightful)
Should we feel any more secure knowing that India and Pakistan can now quietly design better atomic arsenals to annihilate each other with?
Unfortunately, there is no way to stop people from being able to perform computing simulations like this without also severely limiting most of their other technology - which would be grossly unethical. This is the same kind of problem as the old "limit the knowledge of how to build nuclear weapons" thread that was going around a few years back; to make it impossible for anyone to figure out how to make nuclear weapons, you have to basically condemn them to an early-20th-century knowledge of science forever.
It's more practical (and more convenient from an ethical standpoint too) just to look for signs of nuclear weapon production. It takes quite a bit of industry to refine the required materials; this can be detected if the watchers are vigilant. You can also detect the required nuclear plants from orbit with the right kind of sensors and a bit of patience (and it would surprise me greatly if the US didn't already have a host of satellites quietly looking for gamma ray glow on the ground).
Limiting the ability to *design* nuclear weapons also doesn't really limit a nation's ability to *get* nuclear weapons, so I'd argue that the purpose of the test ban treaty is more to prevent escalation between the existing nuclear powers than to prevent new people from gaining nuclear capability.
Re:The spirit of the law (Score:3, Interesting)
I agree with 90% of what you said, so I'll nitpick on the 10%.
Given enough fissionables, any nation can make something that goes BOOM.
For any given BOOM, the quantity that constitutes "enough" is directly proportional to the skill of that nation's weapons designers.
If you're a rogue nation, busily accumulating fissionables for your bombmakers, being stuck with a bad design is gonna delay your bombmaking effort for a few years, and once you have "enough" for a bomb, you won't be able to build as many of 'em.
Inasmuch as we can observe signs of weapons production, the smaller "enough" is for them, the harder that job is, and the less likely it is that we'll be able to do anything about it before it's Too Late.
Although it's not enough to stop proliferation, I believe that limiting the ability of rogue nations to improve their weapons design is a significant and ongoing part of nonproliferation.
EBCIDIC White Detonates The First E-Bomb (Score:2)
Then in a further show of strength, UNICODE detonates its first E-bomb.
and in 25 years time.. (Score:3, Funny)
A Misuse of Compute! (Score:3, Informative)
When I was working in a Bacterial Genomics lab, I used to crave faster, more powerful computers to crunch through genomic data. This type of computing power is a dream for bioinformaticists who want to, for example, create targeted cures for bacterial disease based on specific genetic idioms.
What is unfortunate is that we have an expensive, tax-payer funded processor farm that is dedicated to the useless pursuit of studying weapons of mass destruction. A great text about the myths of US nuclear policy can be found in Michio Kaku's [mkaku.org] (with Dan Axelrod) To Win a Nuclear War [southendpress.org]. It's in the style of a book like "The Hacker Crackdown", well researched, and really interesting.
If you are interested in stopping Nuclear Weapons Research in the US, another great site is that of Nobel Peace Prize Winning group Intl. Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War [ippnw.org] (IPPNW). I think it's telling to compare IPPNW's site to the Defense Department's Moronic Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Team [defenselink.mil] web site!
Recursion (Score:2, Insightful)
If they've already built the thing, how can it be 3x faster than "the most powerful computer in existence today"?
Self-fulfilling tests? (Score:2)
In other words, it will simply run through a set of possible behaviours that science currently expects of it. Not it's actual behaviour.
Doing this in the real world might throw up new information that hadn't prevoiusly been predicted. Doing it on a computer seems like an exercise in scientific back-slapping to me.
Cheers,
Ian
Re:Instead of simulation... (Score:2, Funny)
I you're gonna be a dumbass, learn to spell. Rogue
Re:sad (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:sad (Score:2)
Well-said.
And even if (and it's a not-bloody-likely-"if") what we learn makes its way into the design of new weapons, it appears that we're moving towards an arsenal featuring "really small nukes to penetrate and take out deep hardened bunkers with negligible surface fallout", as opposed to the more traditional "lob a 20M airburst at a city and let the fallout land where it may".
(And for those who'll jump up and say "Aha, that's what they're trying to do! Design more weapons! All weapons bad!", I point out that the probability of this is extremely low -- a moment's thought will make it obvious that the type of physics required to model the behavior of an earth-penetrating weapon is pretty much completely unrelated to the physics involved in simulating what goes on at the heart of a nuke.)
Bottom line: This is just an extremely cool physics simulation, no doubt most of it highly classified, but as this level of computing power becomes cheaper and more prevalent, I can think of ways in which some of the physics being modeled could also be used in the design of nuclear rockets and other next-generation propulsion systems.
Re:sad (Score:2, Funny)
No its not... (Score:5, Insightful)
You may agree or disagree with their intended use, but right or wrong there are two critically important things that we have to know as long as a single warhead still exists.
1) As the parts age, will it work as designed, when it needs to go off
2) As the parts age, will it work as designed, when we sure as hell don't want it to.
In either case, failure carries terrifying outcomes. Think about it -- in one case, the warhead doesn't detonate completely, causing an incredible amount of fallout (Chernobyl-style), which is never the intent of a nuclear warhead. In the other case, people dye (very likely in a similarly polluting manner) when it goes off unexpectedly.
As long as nuclear warheads exist, this sort of research is absolutely critical, and its not anyones place to put down this research for ethical reasons related to the existance of the bomb. The two are related but totally separate, and you shouldn't cross those beams.
Re:No its not... (Score:2)
Re:No its not... (Score:4, Informative)
That is not true. Early nuclear weapons designs had severe safety problems by modern standards. It took many years of engineering and testing to solve the problems. A Hiroshima type bomb can be made to go critical by immersing it in water. A Nagasaki type bomb can explode with a measurable nuclear yield if the high-explosive lens assembly is detonated by fire or shockwave.
Re:No its not... (Score:2)
Re:No its not... (Score:2)
Re:sad (Score:2)
WRONG! (Score:2)
Also, future, faster computers (such as the petaflops machine [pecorporation.com] being planned by Sandia National Labs, Compaq and Applera) will be used for genetic engineering and other biology-related research. Naysayers will think "bio weapons", then again, I guess you can find evil intent everywhere if you just look hard enough.
Re:sad (Score:2)
Improvements in ICBM targeting technology allow smaller and smaller yields to achieve the same damage to hardened targets. That reduces even more the need for very high-yield weapons, and reduces the fallout and civilian casualties that would be associated with a strike against military targets.
Re:sad (Score:2)
Re:sad (Score:2)
Re:sad (Score:2, Insightful)
But nuclear weapons are only to be feared when they're in the hands of rogue nations. And the US is obviously not a rogue nation, because we respect international law.
We don't? Oh, then we're not a rogue nation because we respect other nations' sovereignty.
We don't? Oh, then we're not a rogue nation because we don't train people to destabilize other counties by terrorizing their citizens.
We do? Well, at least we respect human rights, the democratic process, and justice for all.
We don't? Oh. Um. Well ... we're not a rogue nation because we love freedom and wave flags and stuff! Yeah, that's it. So don't worry about us having weapons of mass destruction. I mean, it's not like we'd ever really use them.
Um. Not more than we already have. Well, we probably wouldn't. Unless we decided that we really really needed to.
(Score: -1, Treasonous)
Re:sad (Score:2, Funny)
Seditious. If you're going to get hanged, make sure it's for the correct crime!
OT: International Law vs. Sovereignty? (was Re: sa (Score:2, Interesting)
We don't? Oh, then we're not a rogue nation because we respect other nations' sovereignty.
Has anyone ever noticed that national sovereignty and international law are mutually exclusive? This poster appears to be supporting both. When the rubber meets the road, where do most Slashdotters stand on this issue? I think they stand firmly on the side of international law. And that seriously scares me.
Discuss.
Re:OT: International Law vs. Sovereignty? (was Re: (Score:3, Informative)
Only if you take them both as absolutes, and believe that countries can't sign onto any international law treaties without giving up all of their sovereignty.
Does agreeing to abide by state and federal law mean that individuals give up all their individual rights and freedoms? No, of course not.
Same thing.
Re:sad (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Will this change anything....? (Score:2, Insightful)
A simulation is no better than the model used to build it- and that model is built by people who expect things to work a certain way. If you want to know for sure what something will do - you have to try it out.
I would think that they must use some interesting logarithms to emulate randomness. But in the end these are once again- simulations that cannot do more than emulate the real thing.
It sounds like a lot of it is going to be used to simulate how aging weapons will behave. They already have real test data on how they worked when they were new.
When new weapons are developed they will need to be tested by actual detonation.
.
Re:Possible Nuclear Test Ban Violations? (Score:2)
So, to answer your question, they got their data to test the simulation by blowing up nukes.
Re:Woohoo! What great simulations! (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re:And this benefits mankind how? (Score:2)
Mod this person up! I agree, this type of computer research is sick! Why isn't this processor farm being used for, say, bacterial genomics?
Re:And this benefits mankind how? (Score:3, Informative)
I just wanted to clarify something for people thinking 'But isn't ASCII White a bunch of machines?'
Yes, It is. But they are tightly intercoupled with an IBM SP Switch that has something like 300MB (Yes, Mega BYTE) second non-blocking throughput to handle the internode communication, both at the rack (16 machine) and cluster (In ASCII White's case, it's 128 racks I believe, 128 racks of 16 4-way Power3 SPs, I've been in the same room with it but didn't touch it/work on it/have anything to do with it except go 'whoa' when someone pointed it out to me) I'm probably wrong on the interconnect speed, I think it's much faster now. I'm a bit behind on IBM's SP stuff. Spend to much time watching Myrinet.
I'd like to take a gander at the parallel coding that was done to get this kind of simulation. This can't be a batch mode program (like distributed.net and seti) like you said. It'd be quite facinating, though I'm sure they'd shoot you after you read it for that Top Secret stuff.