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Technology

Humankind Makes Last Stand Against Machine 430

MrZeebo writes "According to this Financial Times story, Garry Kasparov has begun another match against a computer chess program on Sunday, this time playing against the Israeli-developed Deep Junior. Kasparov is the highest-rated chess player of all time, and lost to Deep Blue in 1997. According to the article, Deep Junior, despite evaluating less moves per minute than Deep Blue, is considered to be a superior chess player. The match will span 6 games, the last one being February 7th." Kasparov has won the first game.
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Humankind Makes Last Stand Against Machine

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  • NO (Score:4, Insightful)

    by teetam ( 584150 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:02AM (#5165333) Homepage
    I have posted this before, but was unfortunately modded down, so bere is go again.

    This is not a match between man and machine. It is a match between humans - the human chess player vs the human software programmer. Please keep that in perspective.

    Just because my desk calculator performs multiplications faster than me, doesn't mean that it is better at mathematics than I am.

    • Yes. (Score:5, Insightful)

      by pb ( 1020 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:12AM (#5165380)
      It's easily possible to write a program that plays a game better than the programmer; in fact, this very thing happened early on [nott.ac.uk] in the history of computers that play games (in this case, checkers).

      I guarantee you that Deep Blue and Deep Junior play chess better than their programmers, and for that matter, almost everyone on earth. That's why they get to play Kasparov.
      • Re:Yes. (Score:5, Interesting)

        by almeida ( 98786 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:29AM (#5165473)
        I don't think they are better at chess. I think the computers are just better at the things that are useful in chess. They can analyze moves faster and remember more about their opponent's technique than their human creators. Given enough time and maybe a notebook to keep track of stuff, you could accomplish the same thing. The computer is using the same basic chess rules that everyone else uses. The difference here is the computer can apply the rules ridiculously fast.
        • by goatasaur ( 604450 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:37AM (#5165507) Journal
          Kirk always beat Spock at chess.
          /trekkie
      • by goombah99 ( 560566 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:43AM (#5165536)
        It seems to me that if you want to pit man versus machine you should pick something that is easy for a man to do. Chess is relatively hard for most humans. Thus by definiton it is not something humans are good at. So making this a test of machine prowsess is exactly the wrong test.

        to put this another way, if the contest were to factor 20 digt numbers, no one woul dbe surprised if the machine beat a human. it would be a stupid test. Just like chess.

        a better test would be a face recognition contest. Or if we need to make it a real game then how about soccer?

        • by PissedOffGuy ( 612092 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:58AM (#5165609)
          to put this another way, if the contest were to factor 20 digt numbers, no one woul dbe surprised if the machine beat a human. it would be a stupid test. Just like chess.

          a better test would be a face recognition contest. Or if we need to make it a real game then how about soccer?


          another interesting thing to note is that 50 years ago, people thought chess was a pretty damn good test of AI. now people think otherwise. when the computer recognizes faces better than you, plays soccer better than you, writes poetry better than you, steals your girlfriend, and passes the turing test, will you still think its just "following the rules"? your brain is just following the rules of physics too you know.
          • by zCyl ( 14362 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:33PM (#5168155)
            when the computer recognizes faces better than you, plays soccer better than you, writes poetry better than you, steals your girlfriend, and passes the turing test, will you still think its just "following the rules"? your brain is just following the rules of physics too you know.

            If someone ever designs a computer that can steal my girlfriend, I will certainly give that computer a little lesson in the laws of physics...
        • by Zork the Almighty ( 599344 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @01:00AM (#5165618) Journal
          On the contrary, chess is an excellent test of man versus machine. It is interesting precisely because champion chess players are not human calculating machines. At each turn, Kasparov chooses from only a handful of possible moves. He uses his brain, and with it some process which we can currently only dream of implementing in a computer, to find those "good" moves. When or if the day arrives that we can emulate this process on a machine, there will no longer be a contest worthy of our attention or consideration. But until then, there is a sporting game to be played.
        • by Scarblac ( 122480 ) <slashdot@gerlich.nl> on Monday January 27, 2003 @01:57AM (#5165754) Homepage

          It seems to me that if you want to pit man versus machine you should pick something that is easy for a man to do.

          Seems to me that if you want to have some contest, you pick something that they're both about equally good at. So we don't let people run against cars, and we don't let machines recognize faces against humans.

          When Kasparov lost to Deep Blue, it was a huge surprise, he played weakly. Kramnik drew Deep Fritz 3-3 last year. Kasparov is the favorite again in this match, and leads 1-0. It's balanced.

          What makes it more fun is that computers and people approach the game in a totally different way, but the best computers are almost as good as the best humans. This is the right time to be having these contests.

    • Just because my desk calculator performs multiplications faster than me, doesn't mean that it is better at mathematics than I am.

      Yes, but it also means that it's vastly better (speed, accuracy) at addition than you are. Addition is a well-defined operation on a well-defined domain. Playing Chess is far from the purely mechanical and deterministic process of addition. You could argue that a search based solution to playing Chess (mapping all board configurations and moves) is deterministic, but this isn't what Deep Junior is doing. In fact, Deep Junior handles far fewer [suntimes.com] possible moves per second than the famed Deep Blue.
    • Re:NO (Score:5, Insightful)

      by dstone ( 191334 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @01:08AM (#5165642) Homepage
      This is not a match between man and machine. It is a match between humans - the human chess player vs the human software programmer.

      I disagree with you, since I could apply your reasoning and conclude that this is NOT Kasparov competing either. It is Kasparov's school teachers, nutritionists, chess instructors, fellow chess players, parents, programmers of software that Kasparov uses to train with, and authors of chess books that he no doubt assimilates knowledge from.

      My point is that computer algorithms aren't the only thing shaped by the contributions and knowledge of others.

      Both Kasparov and Deep Junior are "black boxes" with a recognized I/O protocol for playing chess. One box is made of meat and one is made of hardware/software. Neither box is created itself without huge amounts of guidance, programming, critiquing, iterative refinements, constant tweaking of strategies, etc.
    • Being better, in this case, means making less errors and being faster with the result. Of course if you mean each of you doing calcs with paper and pencil, I've yet to see a calculator hold a pencil very well at all, so you'd be a shoe in for that contest.

      Otherwise, I'd say you'd come in a very distant second, even on your calculator's worst day, with corroded batteries, lights out and peanut butter on the keys :) I know my HPIIC can kick my ass around the block.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:03AM (#5165336)
    That is Amazing!
    I can't even beat the easy setting on free apple version!

    AC
  • I know... (Score:5, Funny)

    by Cyno01 ( 573917 ) <Cyno01@hotmail.com> on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:03AM (#5165343) Homepage
    Next lets have Kasparov vs WOPR.
    "How about a nice game of chess?"
  • I just hope this time, I will be able to watch it on TNN.
  • by herrd0kt0r ( 585718 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:05AM (#5165351)
    deep junior can calculate 3-4 million moves per second! how can garry possibly win?

    from wired: "Kasparov said he can calculate the potential of about 3 moves per second at best, 'but they are the best moves.'"

    • by Gyan ( 6853 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:21AM (#5165430)

      Possibly because Kasparov doesn't play soley on raw intellect. Gut instinct and that hint of irrationality creeps in. The computer can't take that into account when anticipating Kasparov's possible countermoves.
      • Possibly because Kasparov doesn't play soley on raw intellect. Gut instinct and that hint of irrationality creeps in. The computer can't take that into account when anticipating Kasparov's possible countermoves.

        Yes, but what the computer can do is calculate the probability of all of Kasparov's moves, then only explore the options that are most probable. Although the computer cannot correctly predict the exact move Kasparov is going to make, it can probably narrow it down to 2 or 3 likely moves. It can pretty much ignore all the other moves, because Kasparov is not going to make a bad play. Kasparov's move is either going to be the best move for the situation, or at least the second or third best move. Although the 'best move' for any given chess scenario is debatable, the way the computer plays is to quantify the relative strengths of different positions and try to get into the strongest position. It is something that they are quite good at and I only expect them to get better as they get more raw power coutesy of Moore's Law.

        • Although the computer cannot correctly predict the exact move Kasparov is going to make, it can probably narrow it down to 2 or 3 likely moves.

          How is 'likely' defined to the computer ? How does the computer figure out likelihood when taking into account a human's gut instinct ?
      • by Scarblac ( 122480 ) <slashdot@gerlich.nl> on Monday January 27, 2003 @02:02AM (#5165763) Homepage

        ... Kasparov doesn't play solely on raw intellect. Gut instinct and that hint of irrationality creeps in.

        Actually, it's all intellect, something the computer doesn't have as it can only do stupid calculations. It's rationality that creeps in. The computer has to calculate all kinds of moves, but Kasparov doesn't even have to consider them because he knows they don't make sense in this position.

        Human grandmasters go heavily on pattern recognition. They have on the order of 100,000 types of positions with typical plans memorized, as well as many many tactical patterns. Given a position, they know what both sides should be trying to do. Computers can't do pattern recognition well, so they can't use that method.

        • by Gyan ( 6853 )
          It's rationality that creeps in.

          Hardly. Knowing your opponent is innately an exercise in psychology and fundamental similarity of the human experience and thought process.

          Kasparov can't predict how the computer will move, since then he needs to know how the computer thinks and the input the computer has. He doesn't really have a full idea of either. He has to make judgements based on incomplete information. That's where gut instinct comes in.
  • If this computer were "superior" than human at chess game only, we wouldn't have to worry for a Matrix/Terminator-esque future ahead of us.
    • It's a step in the right direction... who's to say the next-generation computer will be able to write its own software? Or the generation after that can design new chips that are even better than its own? Then these new generation computers will certainly give the human race a run for its money. It's going to happen... likely not by 2020, or even 2100 for that matter, but eventually...
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:07AM (#5165362)
    He should switch to Go. Even the greatest computers can't compare to an average player.

    Go is far better suited to the way a human brain works - pattern recognition, neural networks and all that.

    Of course, once a computer arrives that can beat us at Go, then it'll be time to rethink a lot of things :)

    • Perhaps this is just a consequence of the fact that computer scientists have studied chess substantially more than they have studied go.

      I also don't understand why people think that because a computer program can play better than you means that you should stop playing. These games are deterministic and finite -- there is a mathematically perfect play whether or not somebody has calculated it. It really makes no difference to me as a chess player that a machine can trounce me any more than it does that Kasparov could trounce me.
      • by Russellkhan ( 570824 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @03:38AM (#5166091)
        " Perhaps this is just a consequence of the fact that computer scientists have studied chess substantially more than they have studied go."

        It's very likely true that there has been less time in man hours spent developing Go playing programs than Chess playing, but there has been a very significant amount of time spent on the problem by some very intelligent people who are both good Go players and good programmers. So I would say that it is unlikely that this is the root of the difference. After all, Backgammon and Checkers have both also had significantly less time dedicated to developing programs that play and the programs out there play at championship level. Go is just a harder game to program. Its style of play doesn't lend itself well to linear lookahead or databases of board positions (or, in the case of backgammon, statistical prediction of dice) as the other games mentioned above do.

        "I also don't understand why people think that because a computer program can play better than you means that you should stop playing. These games are deterministic and finite -- there is a mathematically perfect play whether or not somebody has calculated it. It really makes no difference to me as a chess player that a machine can trounce me any more than it does that Kasparov could trounce me."

        Agreed. The games are still fun and still have something to teach me.
  • by -strix- ( 154910 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:07AM (#5165364)
    but make them play chess in a swimming pool and see who wins.
  • by happypizzaguy ( 325415 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:09AM (#5165369)
    is to Slashdot them! Anyone know Deep Junior's ip?
  • I saw the headline, and I thought it was an ad for the next rehash of the Terminator movie franchise.
  • by TheJesusCandle ( 558547 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:10AM (#5165374) Homepage
    I hope they treat him fairly in this match. IBM didnt with their match, even though i didnt like the way Kasperov handeled himself either.... Lets face it, the human mind is a great computational machine, but somethings are better suited for computers. Thats why we make comuters. At some time, the design of hardware and software will be beyond anyone human minds comprehemption, were pretty much there now. Try coding in assembler for ia64. Yeah you can do it... But a finely tuned algorythm is gonna give you a run for your money
    • The human mind is a terrible computation machine. How many people can give you the sqrt(17) to 8 digits without pen and paper?

      Human minds are great pattern matchers. How many computers can recognize the difference between a dog and a cat?
  • Deep Junior calls Kasparov 'Coppertop'
    • Ok mod me troll -1 all you want, but I also want to file a complaint with slashdot. I typed up a really nice summary of this story with links about a week ago when it would be actually relevant so people could watch it (instead of posting it AFTER the first game) and of course got rejected. Losing more and more faith in /. ... (and i have been here a very long time)
  • Kasparov could win, but cautions should be taken. Who knows if Deep Junior Junior Junior Juior would send some robot to kill him. The history will be altered and mankind won't stand a chance against the machine.
  • No match (Score:2, Interesting)

    by gmuslera ( 3436 )
    I suppose that a cluster of computers can resolve the game of chess in a future, i.e. all possible moves in any game, so with this database (that can have a really astronomical amount of alternatives, but with the rigtht representation of data it maybe will not take all available magnetic/optic storage in the world)

    Right now, with some sort of position evaluation engine, this supercomputers can calculate the relevant part of that tree for the match they are playing with a lot of turns in advance.

    Its only matter of time till er.. "intuition" will not be enough for chess.

    Fortunatelly, there is a lot of fields where pure calculations is not enough, computers may be faster, but we can take this with humor.
    • Right, it always annoys me hearing people insist that computers will never really be able to always beat us, because of intuition/experience/unpredictability/etc. Eventually there will be a computer that can crush any human player through pure computational ability, without having to be specifically programmed for that opponent (like Deep Blue was).
  • by WIAKywbfatw ( 307557 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:24AM (#5165450) Journal
    Who comes up with these sensationalist story titles? Is it the story submitters? Is it the /. editors?

    With a story title like that I was expecting some armageddon-type article, or perhaps a story related to an upcoming movie such as Terminator 3 (obvious why) or X-Men 2 (think Sentinels, Days of Future Past) but a chess match?

    I'm a chess player - good enough to represent my county (the British equivalent of a state) - but I would never dream of searching for a chess-related article on /. with anything near that story name as my search criteria.

    Regardless of that how is this humankind's last stand? Are human vs computer chess matches going to disappear from the face of the earth after this event?

    So, to recap the story title is:

    1) sensationalist;
    2) only vaguely related to the subject matter (and useless from a searching through the archives point of view); and
    3) inaccurate.

    Can anyone please tell me what the people who have the gall to call themselves editors at /. actually edit?
    • Thanks for this incredibly insightful comment. You can go home now. Please look up "joke" in your dictionary before posting to Slashdot again.
    • by Tim C ( 15259 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @02:40AM (#5165877)
      Who comes up with these sensationalist story titles? Is it the story submitters? Is it the /. editors?

      Unless things have changed since I had my (one and only) submission posted, it's the story submitor that comes up with the headline.

      Part of the problem with that, of course, is that the headline *needs* to be eye-catching in order to catch the eye of the editor as they're wading through the list of pending submissions...

      I completely agree with you about the headline, and thought much the same thing when I read it. This is a chess game people - let's take the two contestents and see how good they each are at creative writing, or answering telephone queries, or ordering take away food for a group of 12... All without any reprogramming, of course. This is hardly a Terminator-style, humanity's last chance situation.

      No matter the outcome, people will still play chess against each other, and against computers, whether they be something they bought in a toy shop for £20, or something that's taking a break from simulating weather patterns or nuclear explosions.
    • Who comes up with these sensationalist story titles? Is it the story submitters? Is it the /. editors?

      With a story title like that I was expecting some armageddon-type article, or perhaps a story related to an upcoming movie such as Terminator 3 (obvious why) or X-Men 2 (think Sentinels, Days of Future Past) but a chess match?

      Actually, the problem is that the new trailer for The Matrix: Reloaded aired for the first time during the Superbowl yesterday. The /. eds just haven't come down from the high yet.

      So, to recap the story title is:

      1) sensationalist;
      2) only vaguely related to the subject matter (and useless from a searching through the archives point of view); and
      3) inaccurate.

      And this is different from most other media outlets how?

  • Last Stand? (Score:2, Interesting)

    by SimplexO ( 537908 )
    What's so "last stand"ish about this? Won't there be another Man vs. Machine chess match again?
  • are fritz's PR people :(

    you'd have to have a hell of a lot better evaluation function to overcome calculating 1/100 as many positions per second, and deep blue's eval was miles better than fritz's back in '97. from what I've read on rec.games.chess, fritz may have CAUGHT UP in the eval department but it's not 100 times better for sure.

    if you're interested in computer chess, check out "behind deep blue," by IBM's team lead. most interesting book I've read in a long time. One part I didn't know was that IBM's move generator & eval function were done in hardware, which is the main reason that even with 6 years of moore's law under its belt, deep fritz can't touch it for sheer power. I always got the impression from the general media that deep blue was just a software program on a massive RS/6000 box but no, it had hundreds of these custom chess boards in it, too.

    re kasparov's claims of cheating, remember there's two sides to every story and you're only getting one. For his part, Hsu says that he tried to get garry's team to agree to a rematch both with IBM and after he left, and kasparov's team basically dodged while complaining loudly and pubicly that Hsu was running away from him. Perhaps the truth lies somewhere in between, but given the obvious huge size of garry's ego I'd take what he says with a correspondingly large grain of salt.
  • shouldn't kramnik get to defend our honor since he's the world champion? kasparov is higher rated but maybe only because kramnik hasn't been playing much.

    is this like when apollo creed stands in for rocky to fight dolph lundgren in rocky IV?
  • Some kind person, please link a .pgn file. My Google search failed miserably.
  • Movie Idea (Score:5, Funny)

    by long_john_stewart_mi ( 549153 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:33AM (#5165488)
    The year is 2003. The world is being taken over by chess playing robots. Our only hope is one man: Garry Kasparov (played by Arnold Schwarzenegger... A tough sell, I know). He has to control his childish temper as he takes on Deep Blue, Deep Junior, Deep Fritz, and (We're In) Deep Shit. Sure, they look like sissy beige boxes, but they're tough. There will be no time to pout, no leaving in disgrace; every move is on the clock (so to speak). In the final scene, Kasparov beats Deep Blue to a pulp with a Louiseville Slugger. So much for strategy! Astalavista baby!
  • By then the winner (or loser) will determined by the coin toss of who goes first.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:43AM (#5165535)
    Everybody: You are being lied to.

    The AI wants you to think that Chess is the last bastion of human analytical superiority. It's not. (Go is).

    We are led to believe (by the AI, who control google news), that if the best computer wins more games out of seven than the best human at CHESS, then we must bow before the AI, as its intellectual inferior. Wrong.

    First of all, as long as we are winning one single game against the computer under tournament settings, we've got a chance. Karpov may have only drawn against deep fritz, but you know what? That means we have a chance: That draw includes some wins.

    Kasparov won some games before ultimately losing to Deep Blue in 97. Now he's already won one more in 2003.

    But as interesting as this is it's not the issue.

    Chess is a game chosen by the AI to deceive you, because computers happen to be, today, really, really good at Chess. With judicious pruning, they have look-ahead trees of ten, fifteen, twenty, fifty moves. Folks, that means that except for some cute evaluation software to determine what lines to prune down, they're basically brute-forcing their way into winning.

    And they want us to bow before this brute force?

    Never!

    They can brute-force their way out of 56 bits, sure.

    But let's throw them against 128 bits.

    Let's throw them against Go.

    From "The Game of Go" by Matthew Macfadyen, page 122:
    (I'm typing this for you out of a book -- and first-strike claim fair use with +2 save for being anonymous).

    Computers and Go.

    Gary Kasparov's recent difficulty in handling computer opponents has been described as the fall of the last citadel in the battle of humans against the encroaching computer meance, but Go still stands as a refuge well beyond the reach of curent programmers. This is not for want of trying. The late Ing Chiang Ki from Taiwan sponsored an annual Go tournament for computers with good prize money, and several of the entrants put ijn years of work on their programs. But the tournament finishes with a challenge match between thew inner and a teenage human. This has to be played with a huge handicap - currently 14 free moves at the start of the game - and this is only diminishing slowly.
    Part of the reason for this is accidental. Although for a human brain Chess and Go present similar challenges, there is an easy way to see how well you are doing at Chess - just count the pieces on the board. Looking a few moves ahead and counting the balance of pieces hich results gives a quick and easy way to avoid silly moves. Chess computers only need to be clever at sorting out a small number of "sensible" alternatives.
    There is no such simple method in Go. Positions do not have a clear value until the game is finished, and the same pattern of stones may work perfectly in one context and be almost wrothless in another. One source of the great strategic trichness of Go is that you can choose between making large-scale loose formations and small-scale solid ones and each provides for different types of efficient development.
    There are certain types of localized position in which computers have been used to find the right moves by exhaustive analysis, but even for quite modest-sized problems the programs run into millions of varioations. This is simply not a practical approach to most Go positions. It comes as something of a relief to discover that methodical calculation, considering all the possible outcomes, is neither necessary nor very useful in Go.


    So. Let's concentrate on Go! In which the WORLD'S BEST computer program gets beaten - not by the world champion, but by a GIRL or BOY possibly still in highschool -- after being given more than ten moves to make without human response.

    Computers are toast, even at a simple game with only two rules, one of which is hardly ever used and is just a "hack" to make infinite loops impossible. Humph.

    Note: Another reason look-ahead-trees don't work for shit in Go is that at every point in the game, you can move to any free square. Typically, this means the first player has a choice of 361 squares for the first move, with the player making move 2 have 360, for move 3 there are 359, etc, with the only change in this pattern occuring when pieces are captured, pretty rare in professional games. (You just threaten to capture). So the "base" of the exponent is differnet AND you can't prune the look-ahead tree.
    Chess has been SOMEWHAT brute-forced. So what.
    Few things useful in the real world are as closed (8x8 board; clear general concept of positional value [number and location of important pieces]) as Chess.

    So don't let the AI tell you chess is the last stance. Go is.
  • Deep Blue Cheated (Score:3, Informative)

    by johnnyb ( 4816 ) <jonathan@bartlettpublishing.com> on Monday January 27, 2003 @12:52AM (#5165584) Homepage
    I don't remember where I read this, but I think I remember seeing that the programming team for Deep Blue had the option of not doing what Deep Blue asked. This even happened in one of the games Deep Blue won in. Deep Blue made a blunder early on, but the programmer made a more sensible move instead.

    Anyway, it seems that computer+human does better than human, not necessary computer by itself.
    • This is complete nonsense. No such incident occurred. Kasparov claimed that there was interference, but he was simply reacting emotionally to his poor play.

      For an excellent description of the design of Deep Blue and the matches against Kasparov, see this book [amazon.com]

  • For the celebrity death match version to appear on eDonkey.
  • Then I'll be impressed. All these programs do is use brute force to find moves. Can't do that in Go!
    • wrong. go is much more finite than chess. it's 19x19x3x2 (an intersection can be black, white or empty, black or white to move.) and really divide that by four since you can just rotate the board 90 degrees to get the extra variations. once you map the best move for each positions it's game over for humanity.
  • a while back i read that Vladimir Kramnik beat Kasparov [rediff.com].. so why not let him take up the challenge as well and see how he will do
    • Because Kasparov is stil world number one chess player, based on the points system. As an example, just because some guy beat Agassi doesn't mean that Agassi will automatically lose hist position in the ATP table, and certainly doesn't mean that some guy will take his place.
  • but as a friend once told me (quoted from somewhere?), even I can beat it at checkers.
  • by migstradamus ( 472166 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @02:13AM (#5165795) Homepage
    Always interesting how much interest this man vs machine stuff can still generate. My name is Mig Greengard and I'm doing the official live web commentary on the Kasparov-Deep Junior match and worked with both Kasparov and one of the Junior progammers (Shay Bushinsky) for over three years as the director of Kasparov's now-defunct website.

    There was a good attendance and a great deal of media coverage today for game one, particularly considering it was a national holiday in the USA. (Well, almost.) Kasparov had the white pieces in game one, which is an advantage. (Interestingly, the Deep Junior team won the drawing of lots and could pick which color to have in game one (and 3 and 5), and chose to start with black.)

    He completely dominated the game, it was a total stomp. He played 'real' chess instead of the dubious anti-computer style he used against Deep Blue in the 1997 match. Anti-computer chess involves trying to reach positions that computers don't play well instead of just making what you think are the best moves. Deep Blue showed that computers are pretty much beyond being vulnerable to these tricks nowadays, although every once in a while you'll see a strong program play like an idiot in a position it doesn't understand.

    Kasparov prosecuted his advantage very quickly. In the press conference afterward he showed how much he had learned about playing computers. One key, he said, is that a computer doesn't understand results or practical chances, it only understands the evaluation of the current position. So instead of trying to swindle a way out of a bad position like a human Grandmaster would, by creating maximum chaos and hoping the other guy makes a mistake, a computer just tries to find the 'least-worst' move all the time. This is the only effective way for computers to play chess, but in inferior positions it often makes them look completely docile, if not pathetic.

    He won't be able to do this in all six games, of course, and he'll probably lose one just because a human can't play error-free chess for so long against a strong opponent and computers punish errors ruthlessly. But game one showed he's prepared to the gills, as usual, and along with the fact that he's the strongest player in history should give him a decisive edge.

    You can watch the games live with my commentary (and that of other commentators on-site as I relay their words) at many places [chessbase.com] on the web. Most of it is directed toward the level of the casual fan, not the chess expert. The company I'm working with, ChessBase, publishes Deep Junior and just about every other top chess program. (The program Fritz just drew an eight-game match against the world's #2 rated player and current world champion, Kramnik, in October 2001 in Bahrain. I was the webmaster and commentator on that match as well. I think I prefer the cold here at home in NY to the Bahraini humidity.)

    As for the Deep Blue versus the current micros debate, that will be eternal as long as Deep Blue is in pieces. It was obviously much more powerful, but that doesn't mean it was a better chessplayer. We only have six games as evidence of its strength. They were good, but they weren't godlike and Kasparov said at the opening press conference that when you go over those games with Deep Junior it's clear that it plays better in just about every moment. (Except for two, which are the moves Kasparov has always suspected were the result of human interference. But that's another kettle of conspiracy.) Deep Blue was far, far ahead of its competitors in 1997, but computer chess programming has not stood still for the past six years.

    It's also worth noting that what constitutes a huge advantage in computer-computer competition does not always translate into play against humans. A processing power advantage of just 10% between two identical programs will cause a lopsided score, but even a fourfold increase in processing power usually only means an extra 30-40 rating point gain against open competition. That is, one more win out of ten games.

    I've spoken with Deep Blue's architect and other members of the IBM team on several occasions. Their egos are almost as big as Garry's! Hsu's book on the building of Deep Blue is almost as partisan as Kasparov's comments. They are both very competetive people. Personally I don't think there was any human interference in the DB match, but IBM's secretive and heavy-handed behavior needlesssly created a great deal of circumstantial evidence and suspicion.

    You can follow my reports and photos on Kasparov-Deep Junior at ChessBase.com [chessbase.com] and I'll also be posting bits and ends at my site ChessNinja.com [chessninja.com].

    • Hsu's book on the building of Deep Blue is almost as partisan as Kasparov's comments.

      Assuming this [amazon.com] is the book you mean, I'd have to disagree. I read this over the holidays, and thought Hsu went out of his way to attempt to be impartial.

      He obviously had a vested interest (as do you), but I didn't feel his book was in any way partisan - he wanted to win, but he was perfectly capable of dealing with the inevitable losses. As he's one of the participants, you have to take the comments about Kasparov's behaviour with a pinch of salt: but that's a very minor part of the book, and perfectly understandable given that it was an "I said/they said" situation.

      It's a great book for finding out just how cobbled-together some of the early chess playing machines were - and that the kinds of problems they ran into along the way were incredibly mundane (fabrication problems, hardware failures, networks going down, last minute "this can't possibly hurt" changes to the code, etc). Although the book is pitched as being the story behind Deep Blue, a large chunk of it relates to the machines leading up to that point and the process by which Deep Blue came about (rather than that particular machine).
  • They should pit THE WORLD'S FASTEST, GREATEST, 1000-TERA-TERA-BYTE RAM COMPUTER...

    against any 5-year-old in CANDYLAND!!! I can't believe it took so many years to realize that there was absolutely NO WAY to be "good" at that game! All luck! :-)
  • by Millennium ( 2451 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @02:50AM (#5165919)
    Garry Kasparov was beaten by Deep Blue. This means one of several possibilities:

    1) Computers are more intelligent than humans.
    2) Computers can be made to play better chess than humans.
    3) Computers can be programmed to beat Garry Kasparov.
    4) Chess can be reduced to a set of mathematical computations, which a computer can then perform faster than a human.

    So what is it? And how do you know which one (or ones) are correct? Just a thought, since I think a lot of people are being overly alarmist.
  • by Ilan Volow ( 539597 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @03:02AM (#5165963) Homepage
    If the AI is winning, we look like a bunch of stupid apes.
    If the AI is losing, it cheats and starts a nuclear exchange that destroys civilization.

    We're screwed either way.
  • by Domini ( 103836 ) on Monday January 27, 2003 @04:01AM (#5166147) Journal
    Wow, slashdot articles with titles deserving of tabloid magazines?

    It's more specifically a test between a slow heuristically based massively parralel computer and a fast serial rule-based weighted system. (simplified, yes I know.)

    A computer can count faster then we can, but then we can build 3D representations of objects and spaces just by looking at them, and then traverse them effeciently (aka walking)

    If it's games we want to make the battlefield, why not just toss chess and get a propper game... for instance Go. Computers still have some time to go before they can really compete on dan level...

    This thread is absurd.

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