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Transportation AI Technology

Self-Driving Big Rigs Become a Reality 228

drinkypoo writes: We've been discussing the importance of automating over-the-road trucking here on Slashdot whenever self-driving vehicles come up in conversation. Jalopnik reports that the Freightliner "Inspiration Truck" will be the first autonomous commercial truck to drive on American roads. It's been given the green light to start testing its self-driving technology on the roads of Nevada. A human will be present at the wheel at all times, and will take control whenever the truck is in more populated areas. "Given a big trucks' long stopping distances and limited maneuverability, driving one requires the ability to correctly predict what's going to happen far out ahead. That requires foresight and intuition that are difficult to program into computers."
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Self-Driving Big Rigs Become a Reality

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  • Dupe (Score:3, Funny)

    by Thanshin ( 1188877 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @08:01AM (#49628481)

    This development was already described over a decade ago:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M... [wikipedia.org]

    • If it needs a human in "more populated areas" it's no better than putting trailers on a train and having local drivers pick up the loads there.

      Of course trans are more economical and I expect more "environmentally friendly".

      • Of course trans are more economical and I expect more "environmentally friendly".

        It depends on the job you're trying to do, and what your trains look like. A monorail (monorail? monorail!) PRT system has very little footprint and takes relatively little material to build, that's quite environmentally friendly even for relatively low occupancy. Traditional rail has more potential throughput per "lane" (rail line, in this case) than freeway — but for traditional rail with traditional trains, you have to reach fairly high utilization numbers before it becomes cheaper than the highway

        • My car, traveling the 500 Miles to my mother's house, averages around 65 miles per hour, including the one stop for gas. A train to the the vicinity, averages about 1/3 that, because of the stops along the way it makes, that my car doesn't. Nothing like taking a 8 hour drive and making it nearly 24 hours. And no, this isn't highly dense populated areas, this is through the central valley of California. And no, HSR isn't going to solve this problem either, it is only going to make it marginally better.

          • Right, you can't use rail unless you have high utilization, and you can't have high utilization if the rail doesn't do the job you need to do, or if the public transportation systems along the rail line don't work. That's why PRT makes more sense than rail for most trips, and why we should use classic rail only for long hauls and PRT for short trips.

        • by sycodon ( 149926 )

          Holy Hell...

          Freight Trains, you know, the topic of this entire article?

          • Freight Trains, you know, the topic of this entire article?

            Yeah, you can't build rail just for freight, because it won't see enough utilization. It has to carry passengers, too. You can't take the efficiency of the freight-carrying system alone because it doesn't operate alone, it's dependent on being part of the passenger-carrying system (and vice versa.)

      • If it needs a human in "more populated areas" it's no better than putting trailers on a train and having local drivers pick up the loads there.

        Not necessarily, it might allow them to get around total driving time limits.

      • Of course trans are more economical

        I thought pay discrimination based on sexual orientation was illegal...

        oh you meant trains not trans

  • by gatkinso ( 15975 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @08:02AM (#49628485)

    than self driving cars.

  • I wonder what the Teamsters have to say about this? I suppose it could go either way, if one driver can now do the job of a two person team then it cuts union membership revenue in half, that's bad. On the other hand, if drivers can stay rested and not end up on speed then that's more money that can be spent on union dues, that's good.
    • Re:Teamsters (Score:4, Insightful)

      by RabidReindeer ( 2625839 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @08:12AM (#49628561)

      I thought the Teamsters were more into the loading and unloading, and the drivers were often owner/operators.

      Never heard of more than one person operating a truck at a time.

      • by sjbe ( 173966 )

        I thought the Teamsters were more into the loading and unloading, and the drivers were often owner/operators.

        Teamsters [wikipedia.org] are significantly though not exclusively truckers, including drivers but also warehouse workers and various other blue collar workers. Companies like UPS are commonly organized by the Teamsters. Some drivers are owner/operators but plenty drive for large companies like Con-Way, etc.

        Never heard of more than one person operating a truck at a time.

        Long distance hauling often has teams of two drivers (often husband/wife) though obviously they don't operate the vehicle at exactly the same moment.

      • I thought the Teamsters were more into the loading and unloading, and the drivers were often owner/operators.

        Never heard of more than one person operating a truck at a time.

        Laws define how long a driver can drive between mandatory breaks - basically making sure they get their sleep. Truckers keep log books that are legally required to be accurate and will be inspected if they get stopped by police. Falsifying logs is a criminal offense.

        Some folks do what's called "team driving" where two people in one truck take "shifts" and drive non-stop (this with a sleeper in the cab). Often it's husband/wife teams. I've honestly considered doing it with my wife after the kids are out

      • That's called "team driving," which my aunt and uncle did for decades. The similarity of terms between that and "Teamsters" is probably cause for the confusion.

      • by ghjm ( 8918 )

        Team driving is a big thing. Some trucking companies - notably Covenant - have moved to an all-team format for company drivers. Owner-operators can do what they want, but solo drivers are likely to be outcompeted by team drivers.

        The issue is that in recent years, driver duty regulations have been much more strictly enforced, so you truly cannot have your truck moving for more than 11 hours a day as a solo driver. If you have two drivers on board, you can keep the load moving all the time except for rest bre

      • Paired drivers are common in the trucking industry. One can sleep while the other drives. There are regulations concerning hours in the cab and hours at the wheel but most truckers know exactly how to work their logs to get them more hours driving and less hours resting. Imagine two trucks working together such that drives can change trucks at rest stops. The truck log may show them at the wheel for only eight hours but they are driving the other truck for eight hours as well. The second drivers can
    • Not all truck drivers are unionized.

      So what will happen would be the non-unionized organizations will be using these to cut costs, if they are more affordable than a unioned shop, the unionized shop will go out of business.

      In the past good middle class jobs consisted of skills that just aquired attention, and following a process. This type of stuff computers and robotics excel at. Leaving jobs for humans to focus more around creative skills, or just the fact that our bodies are rather multi-purpose.

      We rea

  • It will be interesting seeing these cruise down the highway. I forget the scifi movie I saw with these things. They were basically like big robotic road trains... I think they were getting robbed in some sort of mad max type situation.

    ANYWAY... Always nice to be reminded on occasion I do actually live in the future.

  • Good job, the final copy was better than my submission.

    It will be interesting to see how automated OTR trucking plays out vis-a-vis the various states' stance on self-driving vehicles [stanford.edu], especially those which have outright banned them.

    • Unless they can navigate ever present, always changing construction zones, those things will be useless in my state.

      • Unless they can navigate ever present, always changing construction zones, those things will be useless in my state.

        For now, a human driver will be on board to handle those occurrences. Later on, when regulatory acceptance is captured, they will be handled by a remote driver who operates the vehicle by telepresence. They will probably be located in regional service centers, organized into networks, and contracted by shipping lines which will be reduced primarily to corporations which own trucks and hire a manager, an accountant, and a receptionist who is occasionally replaced by a temp.

  • by OzPeter ( 195038 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @08:22AM (#49628613)

    If a self driving big rig is going to make freeway driving better for the rest of us, then I am all for it.

    I have personally encountered truck drivers weaving side to side, tailgating and making sudden lane changes (the worst one was also in heavy rain just as I was about to pass a truck) - and I don't even drive that much. I blame all that activity on drivers who either don't pay attention, are possibly sleep deprived and/or are trying to make some arbitrary (and possibly illegally imposed) mileage requirement. If that can be eliminated then the roads will be a safer place to be.

    On the other hand I also see on local roads, signs that say things like "Truckers - the GPS information for this road is wrong - you cannot get through this way". So I am interested in knowing in general how route planning will be made for all driverless vehicles, as it would seem that local knowledge and common sense will (currently) always trump a computer selected route. Worst case scenario was that tech journalist who took the wrong road in northern CA (?) in winter and got stuck in snow and died.

    • I think once self-driving vehicles are more common, a great deal more effort will be put into map accuracy and route planning.

      And already I would expect a commercial trucking operation to use a more robust navigation solution than a $99 TomTom.

      • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

        I think once self-driving vehicles are more common, a great deal more effort will be put into map accuracy and route planning.

        I agree that mapping will improve in the future - but in order to do so it will need to take vehicle dimensions/weight into account as constraint, as well as indicating how things like how seasonal and day to day weather affects the route.

        And already I would expect a commercial trucking operation to use a more robust navigation solution than a $99 TomTom.

        Given that the majority of trucking companies are owner/operators, I am not so sure of that assumption.

        • Given that the majority of trucking companies are owner/operators, I am not so sure of that assumption.

          I don't anticipate independent owner/operators will be the ones purchasing the fleets of autonomous trucks.

      • I think once self-driving vehicles are more common, a great deal more effort will be put into map accuracy and route planning.

        Putting the cart before the horse, aren't we?

        • No, I think they would happen simultaneously. If I were the engineer designing the automated navigation system, I would consider this problem and specify the system only operate on well-mapped roads and would talk to the map provider to get details on how accurate and recent their maps are. Perhaps cross match them to other available mapping data. Then I would preclude the system from operating on roads with data integrity below a certain threshold.

          I would inform the navigation data provider of this, and th

          • by fisted ( 2295862 )

            No, I think they would happen simultaneously. If I were the engineer designing the automated navigation system, I would consider this problem and specify the system only operate on well-mapped roads and would talk to the map provider to get details on how accurate and recent their maps are. Perhaps cross match them to other available mapping data. Then I would preclude the system from operating on roads with data integrity below a certain threshold.

            I would inform the navigation data provider of this, and the purchaser of the vehicle. Then there'd be a /. article about how "9% Of Mapping Data Unusable For Autonomous Driving." And the crowd would start a lengthy systemd flamewar and meanwhile the companies that provide mapping data would produce the better data they'd already been working on anyway because they're not complete morons.

            Fixed that minor incorrectness for you. Apart from that, well said.

    • On the other hand I also see on local roads, signs that say things like "Truckers - the GPS information for this road is wrong - you cannot get through this way". So I am interested in knowing in general how route planning will be made for all driverless vehicles, as it would seem that local knowledge and common sense will (currently) always trump a computer selected route.

      Currently, the trucks will be operated the old-fashioned way in towns, so there will still be a human behind the wheel reading the signs and responding to them, or not.

      Worst case scenario was that tech journalist who took the wrong road in northern CA (?) in winter and got stuck in snow and died.

      You know there's a bit more to that story, right? Got stuck in snow, wandered off alone and died. Wife and kid survived him by staying with the car like sensible people. Carry water and blankets in your car.

      • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

        Currently, the trucks will be operated the old-fashioned way in towns, so there will still be a human behind the wheel reading the signs and responding to them, or not.

        If that was the case then trucks wouldn't go down the wrong road ever. 2 weeks ago there was a report on the local news of a truck driver ignoring the sign that said "Don't drive here", and crashing and causing an issue.

        You know there's a bit more to that story, right? Got stuck in snow, wandered off alone and died. Wife and kid survived him by staying with the car like sensible people. Carry water and blankets in your car.

        While he may have died because of bad survival skills, the root cause of his death was the choice of route.

        • Currently, the trucks will be operated the old-fashioned way in towns, so there will still be a human behind the wheel reading the signs and responding to them, or not.

          If that was the case then trucks wouldn't go down the wrong road ever.

          You should really read text before quoting it. It would help with the quality of your replies.

          • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

            You should really read text before quoting it. It would help with the quality of your replies.

            Absolutely. But constructing an argument that is predicated on negating a sentence through the use of an easily overlooked two word suffix, does not enhance comprehension.

            • Absolutely. But constructing an argument that is predicated on negating a sentence through the use of an easily overlooked two word suffix, does not enhance comprehension.

              Tacking "...or not" onto the end of a sentence is an extremely common construct in American English, which denotes acceptance of irony.

              • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

                Tacking "...or not" onto the end of a sentence is an extremely common construct in American English, which denotes acceptance of irony.

                I am well aware of the concept of irony, but that was not the subject of my rebuttal. As it seems that you are more interested in playing word games rather than discussing the subject at hand, my feeling is that you are just trying to show off your stunning intellect and masterful debating skills, or not.

                • I am well aware of the concept of irony, but that was not the subject of my rebuttal.

                  It doesn't seem like you are particularly aware.

                  As it seems that you are more interested in playing word games rather than discussing the subject at hand

                  Hypocrite. I am discussing the subject at hand, with people who are doing better than playing clever word games. The "or not" in my comment addressed the point before you raised it: namely, that drivers might not in fact observe the information provided by local signage. So if you have anything to add, rather than ignoring what I wrote, that will elevate you above "clever word games".

                  • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

                    Hypocrite. I am discussing the subject at hand, with people who are doing better than playing clever word games.

                    Ahh .. online abuse. Almost more predictable than Godwin's observations.

                    • Ahh .. online abuse. Almost more predictable than Godwin's observations.

                      If you won't take criticism, you can never improve. But you can cry instead, if you want.

    • by sjbe ( 173966 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @09:15AM (#49629159)

      I have personally encountered truck drivers weaving side to side, tailgating and making sudden lane changes (the worst one was also in heavy rain just as I was about to pass a truck) - and I don't even drive that much.

      Having driven a large rig before I can assure you that usually the problem is NOT the big rig driver. It is the idiots in passenger vehicles who cut them off and do all kinds of stupid driving around big vehicles. You cannot really appreciate how little regard many people have for the risks they take until you've driven one of these.

      • Having driven a large rig before I can assure you that usually the problem is NOT the big rig driver. It is the idiots in passenger vehicles who cut them off

        I do see idiots in passenger vehicles cut big rigs off, but I have just as frequently seen assholes in big rigs cut me off. They pull over to pass as I am rapidly advancing which is already illegal, then they take a literally illegal period of time to execute the passing manouver (in California, if you're not actively overtaking, you must stay out of the passing lane, thankyouverymuchassholes) and then they often lag long after the truck they've passed has flashed their lights to denote permission to merge,

      • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

        Having driven a large rig before I can assure you that usually the problem is NOT the big rig driver. It is the idiots in passenger vehicles who cut them off and do all kinds of stupid driving around big vehicles. You cannot really appreciate how little regard many people have for the risks they take until you've driven one of these.

        I am not denying that car drives can be idiots and have seen a bunch of them as well, but I have seen just as many bad truck drivers. And FWIW I've also seen a fair share of bad cop drivers.

  • But can these self-driving Big Rigs pass through solid matter, travel at unlimited speeds while moving backwards, and climb steep hills as if they're nothing?

  • by argStyopa ( 232550 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @08:23AM (#49628621) Journal

    The US trucking industry has been in a crisis for at least 3 years.
    The regulatory changes brought about in this administration (for example EPA/state regs that mandate new eco-friendly trucks far faster than normal replacement rates or new DOT rulings that took away around 20% of a driver's available hours per week, ie income) are only the icing on the cake. Simply: the old drivers are all quitting because of the hassles and continuing low pay, while few new drivers are joining the industry. Companies can't find drivers. I know 1Q14 3000+ trucking companies closed (most were Bill & Mary trucking, ie small individual owner-operators, but many were substantial firms) and that was the 7th quarter in a ROW that had happened. Intermodal investment is simply too slow to respond to the waves of need in the trucking freight market.

    Enter the self-driving car.

    *Certainly* the autodriver will not be able to "handle" a rig in the context of a terminal; there are just too bloody many variables to see that happening soon. But for the bulk of long-haul miles? I can certainly see a sort of 'local pilotage' system developing where trucks are driven by a human to a terminal on the outskirts of a metro area. From that point the human gets out and the autodriver takes it to a similar terminal at the destination city, where a local 'pilot' gets in and handles the truck from there.

    The compelling commercial shortage of drivers and the financial rewards (no rest hours, no drug issues, perfect recordkeeping, & - I suspect - better overall safety results lowering insurance costs, etc) all will push the larger freight firms to aggressively pursue this.

    • *Certainly* the autodriver will not be able to "handle" a rig in the context of a terminal; there are just too bloody many variables to see that happening soon. But for the bulk of long-haul miles? I can certainly see a sort of 'local pilotage' system developing where trucks are driven by a human to a terminal on the outskirts of a metro area. From that point the human gets out and the autodriver takes it to a similar terminal at the destination city, where a local 'pilot' gets in and handles the truck from

    • Driving will soon be a historic trade. Computers really can do the job. And what people fail to mention is that the shortage of drivers has a lot to do with DUI or DWI laws that keep a lot of truckers locked out of the industry. Many people get one DUI ticket in a car or on a motorcycle but for a trucker that one incident can lock him out for quite a few years. Tickets are another issue as driving constantly usually means more tickets and tickets can make a driver an insurance nightmare for a trucki
    • by Mitreya ( 579078 )

      Simply: the old drivers are all quitting because of the hassles and continuing low pay, while few new drivers are joining the industry. Companies can't find drivers. I know 1Q14 3000+ trucking companies closed (most were Bill & Mary trucking, ie small individual owner-operators, but many were substantial firms)

      There has to be more to this. If companies can't find drivers (particularly bigger firms), perhaps they should offer higher pay? I can't imagine their margins are so thin that they cannot increase trucker salaries without going into red.

      So perhaps there is another explanation, because yours sounds like trucker salary is set in stone and can never be changed.

  • Hoes, time to look for new work! Gotz to find me some new robot hoes!

  • That will be the death of crystal meth.

  • Gollum writes:

    "Given a big trucks'

    *rolled up newspaper swat* No! Go to your bed!

    long stopping distances and limited maneuverability, driving one requires the ability to correctly predict what's going to happen far out ahead. That requires foresight and intuition that are difficult to program into computers."

    Wait, who said that? It's just an unattributed quote stuck at the end of the summary.

    Also, Simpsons did it.

  • by fropenn ( 1116699 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @08:38AM (#49628741)
    1. Drive your car in front of a self-driving rig
    2. Bring your car to a stop, thus forcing the rig to stop
    3. Help yourself to whatever goodies the truck is hauling
    4. Profit!
    • 1. Drive your car in front of a self-driving rig

      1. assortment of HD cameras record your every move.

      2. Bring your car to a stop, thus forcing the rig to stop

      2. An operator at a centralized dispatch/monitoring center is notified, as the truck's video feed pops up on their console.

      3. Help yourself to whatever goodies the truck is hauling

      3. As you step out of the vehicle, the operator presses the button that will connect them with law enforcement in the region in which you are located. They coordinate with local law enforcement to give them a detailed description of your person and vehicle. The video can be passed off to authorities who can process it for biometrics, an

      • 6. ...and actually, these trucks will be manned; self-driving trucks without drivers are still well into the future. Likely, those won't even have cabs, and perhaps the trailers will also be redesigned to be harder to get into.

        Agreed. It's not to fully eliminate drivers (a false sense of security), but to replace highly paid drivers with high school grads who can push a button with red for stop and green for go. Much in the same way there will be pilot-less commercial aircraft in 10 years to get us around. It's all about cost savings, centralized control, maximizing equipment investment (24 hour run times), and safety (fewer accidents = fewer law suits).

        The days of having employees in larger numbers performing repetitive actions

    • by OzPeter ( 195038 )

      AutoTrucker> 10:17 Mode Freeway, Speed Limit 75, Speed 70, Following planned route
      AutoTrucker> 10:23 Mode Freeway, Speed Limit 75, Speed 70, Following planned route
      AutoTrucker> 10:28 Mode Freeway, Speed Limit 75, Speed 0, Planed route blocked, No alternative possible
      AutoTrucker> 10:28 Notify home base, Request human oversight: normal, upload last 10 minutes of video camera footage
      AutoTrucker> 10:29 Detected unauthorized access to load, Request human oversight: Urgent, Upload video camera live

  • Is a passing comet [wikipedia.org].

  • Reality Check (Score:3, Insightful)

    by factsmachine ( 940766 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @09:43AM (#49629483)
    Strip mining companies spend millions on giant trucks whose only function is to shuttle minerals on a private road, from the bottom of the mine to the unloading dock. Until the technology of driving robots has clearly proven itself in a setting like this, it should be kept off the public streets and highways.
    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      Or on the Baghdad to Mosul route.

    • Re:Reality Check (Score:4, Informative)

      by ljw1004 ( 764174 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @10:56AM (#49630235)

      Strip mining companies spend millions on giant trucks whose only function is to shuttle minerals on a private road, from the bottom of the mine to the unloading dock. Until the technology of driving robots has clearly proven itself in a setting like this, it should be kept off the public streets and highways.

      The technology of driving robots has already clearly proven itself in mining. For instance:
      https://medium.com/war-is-bori... [medium.com]

      (from a google search for "robot mining truck")

  • Let's see how they handle this when they are programmed to minimize travel time.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

  • "Given a big trucks' long stopping distances and limited maneuverability, driving one requires the ability to correctly predict what's going to happen far out ahead. That requires foresight and intuition that are difficult to program into computers."

    I can't see why technology wouldn't exceed a human operator in this situation.

    In theory, the truck computer knows the braking capacity of the truck (extensively tested with varying loads, brake materials, tires, road conditions), the mass of the load (and possibly even its distribution over all the wheels), the weather conditions, the actual physical distance to the vehicle(s) in front of it AND their velocity, and possibly even the physical condition of the roads, not to mention the physical geography of t

  • There are tons of unenforced traffic laws. Just enforce them to take care of these behemoths.

    All horseless carriages must be preceded by a flagman on foot, it shall come to a full and complete stop at every cross road, ring a bell, set off a fire cracker before proceeding further. Such horseless carriages should also have a fake horse head/neck mounted so as not to frighten horses.

  • by shadowrat ( 1069614 ) on Wednesday May 06, 2015 @11:23AM (#49630449)
    You'd think if autonomous vehicles could be 100% solved on any platform, it would be trains. You don't have to worry about steering to maintain the course. You only have one variable to adjust, your speed. In fact, automated trains are found all over. They have been around since the 60s. Yet we still live in a world where people drive trains!

    Good luck getting those automated semi trucks out there.
  • I for one welcome the opportuniy for big corps to save money by reducing the need to hire skilled drivers to control the 40 tons of metal travelling at 60+MPH sometimes inches away from other cars. What could possibly go wrong!

  • Well, once the driver/overseer is gone then there will be job opening up because of this. The full service gas station will come back!

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