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Communications Technology

The Fax is Not Yet Obsolete (theatlantic.com) 163

Fax, once at the forefront of communications technologies but now in deep decline, has persisted in many industries. From a report: Law-enforcement agencies remain heavily reliant on fax for routine operations, such as bail postings and return of public-records requests. Health care, too, runs largely on fax. Despite attempts to replace it, a mix of regulatory confusion, digital-security concerns, and stubbornness has kept fax machines droning around the world.

An early facsimile message was sent over telegraph lines in London in 1847, based on a design by the Scottish inventor Alexander Bain. There is some dispute over whether it was the first fax: Competing inventors, including Bain in the United Kingdom and Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell across the Atlantic, sought to father facsimile technology, which was a kind of white whale for inventors. Telegraphs already allowed messages to be passed across distances, one letter at a time using Morse code. But the dream of transmitting copies of messages and images instantly over wires was very much alive.

Writing in 1863, Jules Verne imagined that the Paris of the 1960s would be replete with fax machines, or as he called them, "picture-telegraphs." The technology did eventually lead to a revolution in communication, though it didn't happen until years later. It first became known to many Americans after the 1939 New York World's Fair, where a fax machine transmitted newspaper images from around the world at a rate of 18 minutes per page -- lightning speed for the time.
Further reading: 'You Had to Be There': As Technologies Change Ever Faster, the Knowledge of Obsolete Things Becomes Ever Sweeter.
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The Fax is Not Yet Obsolete

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  • Simplicity (Score:5, Insightful)

    by darkain ( 749283 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @07:38PM (#57694488) Homepage

    You cannot beat the simplicity of a fax machine. You put in a piece of paper, enter someone's phone number, and it just WORKS. Yeah, you could in theory say the same about email, but think about how complicated it gets to attempt to scan an image, and then get that image into an email attachment? Everyone here on /. probably knows how, but honestly sit down and attempt to write up the steps for someone who isn't a hard-core techie that just needs to get the job done. Too much tech is getting in the way of the actual jobs at hand.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Complicated to scan and email? Seriously? What idiot millennial world are you living in? There are goddamn iPhone and android apps for that, but if you work at an even remotely decent place, your fucking printers will do it for you.

      Holy shit.

      Complicated, he says.

      • Tell this to 50+ years-old workers (many don't even knows how to send an e-mail...)
      • Re: Simplicity (Score:5, Insightful)

        by fluffernutter ( 1411889 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @08:44PM (#57694718)
        The printer/scanner I have doesn't have an easy way to get the scanner to the PC. There is software for it, but it is so bloated and clunky I would much rather just fax the document if I have the option.
    • think about how complicated it gets to attempt to scan an image, and then get that image into an email attachment?

      Many professions that still use faxes receive documents and images by email or download, print them out on paper, and then feed the paper into a fax machine.

    • That would be T.37 or iFax, and a lot of printers come with software that makes the whole process pretty easy.

      • Re: Simplicity: iFax (Score:2, Interesting)

        by Anonymous Coward

        I developed a hybrid fax system at my voip company using freeswitch.

        Basically you can send and receive faxes via e-mail or fax machine, or both.

        Using a simple SIP based analog gateway attached to the fax machine we can send and receive faxes via fax machines.

        But you can also send and receive faxes by email. To send you send it to (10-digit-number)@fax.myvoipcompanyname.com and it sends it.

        We use a simple authentication list to match outbound faxes to customers by their sending email address, that we verify

    • I don't know how, to do it easily. I can scan a document at work, but the same scanner is also a fax machine, so why not fax? Our HR was in a different city, because we got city business by promising to have an office there. But to communicate some stuff to HR they wanted a fax... Maybe phones can do it, but hard to tell what with all the ads getting in my way.

      Now receiving faxes, that's complicated. All those outgoing fax machines I see don't seem to have easily discoverable phone numbers. Whereas re

      • by PPH ( 736903 )

        so why not fax?

        Because it ties up a phone line for minutes per page. And given the dearth of land lines, the one I have left has better uses.

        If I scan it and send it off attached to an e-mail, that happens in the background on decent broadband. It doesn't even interfere with my VoIP 'land line'. Attach a read receipt and it's pretty robust as well.

        • Because it ties up a phone line for minutes per page. And given the dearth of land lines, the one I have left has better uses.

          Unless you or the receiver has a horrible quality POTS line, or a 1980's fax machine, it will not take "minutes per page". More like 5 to 25 seconds per page, depending on content and resolution.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Everyone here on /. probably knows how, but honestly sit down and attempt to write up the steps for someone who isn't a hard-core techie that just needs to get the job done. Too much tech is getting in the way of the actual jobs at hand.

      What are you smoking?

      * Open camera app (in some phones, this is as simple as: "twist the phone").
      * Take photo.
      * View photo (in some phones, this is as simple as "click the icon in the bottom right of the camera app").
      * Share the photo to your email program (in most phones, this is as simple as "click the share icon while viewing the photo").
      * Fill out the rest of the email and hit send.

      This is significantly easier than faxing.

    • Re:Simplicity (Score:5, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward on Saturday November 24, 2018 @09:41PM (#57694952)

      You cannot beat the simplicity of a fax machine. You put in a piece of paper, enter someone's phone number, and it just WORKS.

      Not in my experience it didn't. Fax spammers were a major PITA when we used to have a fax machine at work.
      It got stupid in the end, missing out on important faxes because they'd used up all the paper over the weekend.

      Just as bad, the morons who couldn't use a fax machine, put their document in the wrong way around and sent us a bunch of blank pages.
      Or the idiots who don't check what number they're faxing, so you answer the office phone to bunch of squeals...often half a dozen times until they either give up or finally get the right number.

    • How is the scanner for the email more complicated than the scanner for the fax? Would it not be the exact same technology?

  • by Anonymous Coward

    For an interesting look at the 1948 state of the art of transmitting photographic images by wire, see the based-on-true-story suspense movie Call Northside 777 starring Jimmy Stewart. A major plot element involves this technique. It was a rather involved processs, slow, and not at all simple.

    • I'm not sure if fax can be classified as an analog technology, but until recently, analog was still the highest quality in every way. It still is the highest quality, although digital movies, etc. finally became the standard, even in theaters. Exhibit 1: Audiophiles and their turntables, which were considered obsolete for many years. Turns out digital music just isn't that great, and may not be for many years. Fax machines have many features that are way better than any digital technology.
      • Don't confuse preference (turntables) for accuracy (CD/DVD). Most people prefer some levels of distortion (low, even order, increasing amounts with SPL) and some noise added in as a constant background level. But it is not more accurate. With a FAX or other data transmission, accuracy matters - not preference.
    • by hazem ( 472289 )

      Did it use the machines that you rolled the paper around a tube, then the two ends had to synchronize spinning - then as one end had a head scan the source paper, the receiving end would use a pen to draw on the destination paper?

      I remember using one of these in the Army a while back. I'm having no luck finding an example of one on google.

  • by cervesaebraciator ( 2352888 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @07:46PM (#57694510)
    That doesn't change its obsolescence.
    • The thing is, fax is a very useful vehicle to get your message across. It works and doesn't come with troubles like receiver doesn't show the html "right", which doesn't belong in an email anyway, the file you sent as an attachment cannot be read for this or that reason, like getting scrubbed by antivirus or simply not having a specific application installed, or the email you clicked on is "wrong" and now has taken over your computer. Oh and it doesn't require expensive data bundles but works on a normal un

  • by rjune ( 123157 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @07:47PM (#57694512)

    I volunteer at a K-8 school and we just installed a new phone system. The system uses VOIP, with the hardware running on a virtual machine. However, I am running a phone wire (Cat-3 actually) to the office for the fax machine so we can bypass the old wiring which is a mess using 66 blocks. Educational records are still transmitted by fax.

    • Just because people still use it does not mean that it is not obsolete. For example, imperial units are obsolete but some people and countries still insist on using them for a variety of reasons, why should faxes be any different?
      • Imperial units are not obsolete because they do something that metric units don't do, they trivially divide into thirds. That's a major benefit of a twelve-inch foot and a three-foot yard, but the same effect occurs with the other imperial units. That's why they still use some of them even in the UK, where they mostly use metric.

    • VOIP systems can provide enough signal to run a fax/modem. No component of the system has to include real paper today, except perhaps a document scanner. Even signatures are being done with a touch screen and a stylus.

    • I have worked at a High School in Canada and can confirm that transcribing data from a printed out word document into another word document is alive and well in our education system.

  • Problem is that people think Faxing hasn't adapted.*

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    My printer can do both, as well as traditional POTS.

    *Heck I remember when HylaFax was a thing.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    Even used something like it when NeXTStep was still going strong.

  • by theNetImp ( 190602 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @07:53PM (#57694532)

    Fax is very much alive in Japan. We use it often for the stupidest shit you think we'd be doing by email now...

  • For the monthly cost it does provide a certain amount of amusement at my office watching millennials get frustrated at using it. So Iâ(TM)d say there is some value left.
  • Yeh right (Score:4, Informative)

    by trawg ( 308495 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @08:19PM (#57694626) Homepage

    In the last five years I've moved from Australia to the USA and then to the UK, and now back to Australia. In all countries I have set up businesses, filed taxes for myself and the businesses, corresponded with the various government departments required to do all that stuff. I have had health care and gone to the doctors.

    I had to send three faxes in this five year period - all to companies/organisations in the USA. Each time I had to do it (many months apart) I marvelled at what a weird anachronism it seemed to be, and asked various friends & family in other parts of the world if faxing was something they had to do very often (usually after me asking them if they had a way for me to send a fax, which they didn't), and they seemed equally surprised.

    I can't remember the last time I sent a fax in Australia; easily more than 10 years ago.

    • So if fax is so obsolete, why didn't you just send them in a digital way to those three companies instead and let the chips fall where they may?
      • The house I was in this weekend had a VCR. The owner is 80 years old. I present fluffernutter evidence that the VCR is infact not obsolete and those people with those fancy new DVD things are just doing it wrong.

        • Well, I guess that's the case if you felt you couldn't watch video any other way in the house.
          • I could not. Therefore as you just said the VCR is in fact not obsolete.

            I'm very frightened for the people you need to communicate with if you abuse the english language like this.

      • by trawg ( 308495 )

        So if fax is so obsolete, why didn't you just send them in a digital way to those three companies instead and let the chips fall where they may?

        Government departments do not negotiate when it comes to paperwork, as a general rule :D

  • by Tough Love ( 215404 ) on Saturday November 24, 2018 @08:26PM (#57694646)

    Correction: the fax is not yet extinct. It is certainly obsolete.

  • My wife and I are currently fighting a denied health insurance claim. The reason it was denied was that the insurance company sent a fax to the wrong phone number at the hospital, and didn't check for a confirmation. Some companies are barely in the 1990's technology-wise.
    • My wife and I are currently fighting a denied health insurance claim. The reason it was denied was that the insurance company sent a fax to the wrong phone number at the hospital, and didn't check for a confirmation. Some companies are barely in the 1990's technology-wise.

      Not really a tech issue. Either they sent it to a regular phone, in which case their fax machine told them it did not succeed in sending the fax, or they sent it to the wrong fax machine. Better than email, as with fax, you get back a confirmation they received the message or not before it finishes.

  • Law-enforcement agencies remain heavily reliant on fax for routine operations, such as bail postings and return of public-records requests. Health care, too, runs largely on fax.

    You left out higher education.

    We're adding an addition to our high school, which includes a new office for the careers counselor. I consulted with the architects on the low-voltage wiring. When we ran it by the counselor for approval, she asked me, "Where's the fax line?" I looked at her dumbfounded, wondering why she couldn't ju

    • >"In the age of secure upload, I couldn't believe it, but she said that only one college she works with regularly uses 100% secure-upload, while everyone else is 100% fax."

      That is because there is a single fax standard. And it works. However, there is no single secure, standard, and easy way to send electronic documents without faxing. It sucks too. This is why healthcare stuff is almost always US mailed or faxed.

      The closest one can come, it seems, it to scan to an encrypted PDF and then Email it as

  • by Anonymous Coward

    In many jurisdictions, a fax has a long case law history of being considered as good and legal as paper (usually when confirmed in person or verbally). That is why faxes continue to exist. Yes, digital signatures might be better in some cases, but faxes will continue to rule until there is an agreed upon deployment of an alternative that is considered equally non-repudiable.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    Scott Adam's Dilbert strip on this:
    https://dilbert.com/strip/1992-12-21

    It is always hilarious that the most illegible, easily manipulated transmission vector is the gold standard for authenticity. Photoshop away, print it out, and FAX it to someone and it is valid.

    • Scott Adam's Dilbert strip on this:
      https://dilbert.com/strip/1992... [dilbert.com]

      It is always hilarious that the most illegible, easily manipulated transmission vector is the gold standard for authenticity. Photoshop away, print it out, and FAX it to someone and it is valid.

      *sigh*

      A Photoshopped document, whether uploaded to Imgur, e-mailed, faxed, mailed, or sent via carrier pigeon, is still the same document. If there is a signature on it, then the signature is still binding to whatever the photoshopped document says, unless the contents of the document itself are in dispute. I don't see how that applies uniquely to faxes.

      Fax is considered a secure method of transmission for a number of reasons. First, in a court case, theoretically each side has their copy of the document, w

  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • More properly, an industry that still uses fax is doing things the old, inefficient way because it can’t be bothered to change. From legal protocols that use low-security handwritten signatures rather than PGP to stubborn old bastards in the medical world who won’t digitize, the fax users are a cavalcade of obsolescence.

    • If the fax is working for them why should they change? Not everyone needs the new fancy-fancy. Also, changing induces more risk.
  • I've been in the copier/printer/fax business since 1981. In the mid 80's, fax machines really took off, but, we had a hard time getting people to use them. The excuse was always "but I can't get rid of my messenger...I've always had a messenger". Now, I get the same complaint. "I can't get rid of my fax, I've always had a fax". I learned WAY MORE about the telephone system (USA) than I ever wanted to know, to figure out why fax transmissions/receptions would flake out over the decades. Now, with VoIP, as
  • Who works with BB phone provider - no one uses faxes any more, not small businesses nor private citizens.
  • The revolution in Fax was getting TODAY.
    Fax's irreplaceable undeniable delivery produces physical documents that someone must handle.
    Fax is the only medium that guarantees delivery AND that someone will see it.

    Those attributes remain its most significant. For government whether battle plans delivered to the field, signatories or legal its remains admissible evidence. For business it is simple, cheap and ubiquitous communications. For politics piles of fax can be measured, categorized and vouchers.f

  • and so are processes in place that still require a fax to be used.

    Q: Can you send me the form, filled in, by fax?
    A: No, i can't because of where i live
    Q: Really, where do you live?
    A: in the 21st century.

  • There are lots of technologies that have been superseded by newer technologies. But very often, the newer technologies don't cover well certain specific use cases.

    Pagers are still in use in some locations, like hospital basements, where cell towers don't reach. The printing press is still better at printing very large numbers of copies, than computer printers. Paper is still easier to hand out at a lecture or meeting.

    Faxes are not regularly hacked, making them more secure for the medical and legal industrie

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