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Transportation United States

Why Airlines Make Flights Longer On Purpose (bbc.com) 219

dryriver shares a report from the BBC: In the 1960s it took five hours to fly from New York to Los Angeles, and just 45 minutes to hop from New York to Washington, DC. Today, these same flights now take six-plus hours and 75 minutes respectively, although the airports haven't moved further apart. It's called "schedule creep," or padding. And it's a secret the airlines don't want you to know about, especially given the spillover effects for the environment. Padding is the extra time airlines allow themselves to fly from A to B. Because these flights were consistently late, airlines have now baked delays experienced for decades into their schedules instead of improving operations.

"On average, over 30% of all flights arrive more than 15 minutes late every day despite padding," says Captain Michael Baiada, president of aviation consultancy ATH Group citing the U.S. Department of Transportation's Air Travel Consumer Report. The figure used to be 40% but padding -- not operational improvements -- boosted on-time arrival rates. 'By padding, airlines are gaming the system to fool you." He says if instead airlines tackled operational issues, customers would directly benefit. "Padding drives higher costs in fuel burn, noise and CO2 which means if airline efficiency goes up, costs go down, benefitting both the environment and fares."

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Why Airlines Make Flights Longer On Purpose

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  • by fustakrakich ( 1673220 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @09:24PM (#58407642) Journal

    It's like Scotty, How else can they keep their reputation as a miracle worker?

    The repair needs two weeks. I'll have it done in six hours

  • Realistic number (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday April 08, 2019 @09:32PM (#58407662)

    So, instead of reporting the best possible time that they can only occasionally achieve in ideal conditions, they are now reporting times they can usually achieve. I wish electric car manufacturers would start doing that for their cars ranges. If I recall, airlines did not start doing this until they started to be fined for being late.

    • by Kohath ( 38547 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @09:34PM (#58407670)

      Basically, yeah. They are telling the truth (more or less) about how long the travel takes now.

      • by Obfuscant ( 592200 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @09:51PM (#58407718)
        Only on /. would people complain that a corporation is being more honest about the time it takes to get from point A to point B.

        Airlines used to plan best-case travel times, and many times that didn't happen. That could be for any number of reasons having nothing at all to do with their operations. Diverting around weather, lineups for departure, delays for landing due to weather, etc. Airlines aren't just flying around in circles to waste gas because they're 15 minutes early and have to arrive exactly on the padded arrival time, and being late impacts much more than just the people on that one flight.

        Outside of major issues, most of the flights I have been on have arrived early. It is actually a Good Thing when something does delay a flight and it still arrives on schedule. It's actually a Great Thing when a small delay in departure can result in no delay in arrival. It's a Really Bad Day when a plane arrives too late to make connections, because that can result in multi-day delays in people getting to final destinations.

        • Personal anecdote that doesn't add much, but I want to tell it. Flew from Auckland, New Zealand to San Francisco, USA direct ~13 hour flight. Don't know if it was due to padding or just good tailwinds but we arrived 30 minutes early and had to wait on the ground until the airport could let us go to gate and de-plane. Sometimes "too early" is just as painful as "too late". Having to spend 30 extra minutes in a seat that you have just spent 13 hours sitting in while we could actually see our jetway/airbridge
          • How was it "spending 30 extra minutes in a seat" if they were earlier than the planned schedule?

            You were scheduled for 13.5 hours in that seat, and it sounds like you got 13.5 hours in that seat, with a slightly larger fraction of it on the ground instead of in the air. What is the actual difference?

        • > Outside of major issues, most of the flights I have been on have arrived early. It is actually a Good Thing when something does delay a flight and it still arrives on schedule. It's actually a Great Thing when a small delay in departure can result in no delay in arrival.

          For small delays they can just fly faster. It's well known that airplanes fly at slower speeds (optimum cruising speed) to save fuel. It's like you driving your car 80 km/h, or driving it 150 km/h.

          If they are 20 minutes behind sch
          • If they are 20 minutes behind schedule, they can just up the speed.

            If they can, they might do so. Or the delay might be because of weather at the destination or en-route which can't be fixed by wasting fuel going faster. The delay might be due to headwinds, in which case they can still be delayed while having the throttle to the firewall. If you aren't going to be able to land on time anyway, going faster to get there sooner isn't going to solve the problem. Wasting fuel can also be a problem if you don't have the fuel to waste.

            And for an hour long flight, making up 20 m

    • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
      Its like NN for jet transport.
      Everything is kept equally slow so nothing looks "slow" decades later?
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      The airline schedule is self reported by the air line. It is simply a truth-in-advertising, truth-in-labeling compliance.

      Electric car mileage is not a self reported thing by the company. It is tested and certified by a government agency. Heard YMMV? Why is that? Everyone knows YMMV. It is basically a comparison tool. If you want to compare the fuel costs of two vehicles, you compare their reported MPG rating. To compare electric car with a gasoline car you compare the MPGe with MPG. It is still an imperfe

  • by Arzaboa ( 2804779 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @09:54PM (#58407734)

    I know this stuff is padded, and I think its great.

    I do the same thing when I'm the driver of any trip. I plan for 9am, tell everyone else to be ready by 7:30am or 8am, and when we get a 'head-start' of 15 minutes everyone is happy. It helps when 'life' is baked into these times. I don't want to stress because someone takes an extra five minutes moving a luggage cart. I am not going to complain if I arrived in Chicago 'early.' Airline route times are there for customer service and this saves me so many headaches on the back-end that I call it one of the perks. Quiet time.

    --
    One advantage of talking to yourself is that you know at least somebody's listening. -- Franklin P. Jones

    • by msauve ( 701917 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @11:10PM (#58407956)
      What you describe is one of the few things good about Disney - underpromise/overdeliver. When you're in line and the sign says you have a 30 minute wait for a ride, it's realistically more like 20. If it's less than they say you're happy, if it's more you're pissed.

      But yeah, the article/summary is extremely biased. "Because these flights were consistently late, airlines have now baked delays..." is just a biased way of saying they realized they were wrong, and fixed it. And it completely ignores the importance of schedules when there are connecting flights - I'd much rather sit at a gate for an extra 15 minutes than miss a connection and have to wait hours.

      No, they're not wasting fuel and melting glaciers. Time is money, and they want to get there as soon as they can. But there are lots of moving parts not under direct control (think weather, equipment issues, and other airlines). The summary's comparison to 50 years ago is simple ignorance (at best, otherwise deliberate misrepresentation) - there are now way more flights and there's way more complexity/chaos to affect flight times.
      • "Because these flights were consistently late, airlines have now baked delays..." is just a biased way of saying they realized they were wrong, and fixed it.

        It seems like the truth might be somewhere in between. There was a schedule, and flights could have stuck to that schedule. However, the flights kept getting delayed for a variety of reasons-- some economic, some technical, some regulatory. Being unable to fix those problems right now, airlines have chosen to pad their schedules so that flights are more likely to arrive on time. It's a reasonable approach, but not necessarily the best outcome. It'd be great if we could fix the myriad problems with air

        • I don't understand why this is a surprise for many people. I guess that not many people really listen to what the captain pilot said when the flight was about to take off. The captain will always mention the "length of the flight" and it is always shorter than the time said when you book a flight.

          The thing is, all delayed reasons are not from any flight operation (as it said in TFA) but rather something else around it. You know, when you deal with more than one person at a time, there will always be problem

    • I know this stuff is padded, and I think its great.

      I do the same thing when I'm the driver of any trip. I plan for 9am, tell everyone else to be ready by 7:30am or 8am, and when we get a 'head-start' of 15 minutes everyone is happy.

      It was a thing with my brother any time a thing was we would tell him it was 2 hours before, he was that consistently late. It was one thing when we were young but its probably worse today. You arrange to go out at say 5, then when it gets to 5 that's when he decides to start getting ready.

    • One advantage of talking to yourself is that you know at least somebody's listening. -- Franklin P. Jones

      I talk to myself but I don't listen. —Elvis Costello

  • by Anonymous Coward

    It is a high time to make the transition, onboard the system and assimilate the inevitability of asynchronous travel to release ourselves from the tyranny of timetables. The flight arrives when the flight arrives.

    • That's all well and good unless you have a connecting flight. Oops, missed it? Then you get to wait 24 hours for the next one (in many cases).

      Scheduling these things is pretty important from both a connecting flight perspective, as well as the efficient utilization of ground infrastructure (runways, gates, baggage handling, fuel availability, etc.)

  • questionable logic (Score:5, Insightful)

    by whizzard ( 177251 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @09:57PM (#58407748) Homepage

    From the summary, at least, it sure doesn't seem like this guy knows what he's talking about:

    Padding drives higher costs in fuel burn, noise and CO2

    Padding the schedule, alone, clearly can't change the amount of fuel that is used to get from point A to point B.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Yeah I was going to say the same thing.
      OMG, the airlines realized the flights were consistently taking longer than the scheduled time so they updated the schedule to reflect the actual time. Those dastardly, environment destroying bastards!

    • by LynnwoodRooster ( 966895 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @10:08PM (#58407786) Journal
      If anything, it should REDUCE the CO2 emissions, because if you have 30 minutes to "kill" on a long leg, you can fly slower - and since losses go as the square of velocity, a small reduction in airspeed really saves quite a bit of fuel. In fact, that's why the A380 is "slow" across the Pacific - it flies slower so it saves more fuel than a B777/787 doing the same trip (15 hours from LAX to CAN versus 13-13.5 for the Boeing planes).
      • "losses go as the square of velocity,"

        Is it that simple? (And do you mean losses per time or losses per distance covered?) I'd think the efficiency of turbofan engines and airplanes is a great deal more complicated than "drag scales as v-cubed", which you would use for a car. At lower velocities, a plane needs a different wing angle to maintain lift; with lower fuel consumption, there's less fuel mass to carry; each engine has a different thrust/velocity/fuel consumption curve.

        The biggest gain comes from th

        • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
          Re "At lower velocities, a plane needs a different wing angle to maintain lift"
          Todays fast AI like computers can allow for that in real time ....
        • You are correct, it is more complicated. Turbofan engines lose a lot of efficiency at lower speeds. However nobody is talking about flying half as fast or less; if the aircraft is flying 10% slower than its typical cruise speed, it will be slightly more efficient.

          • I should qualify that by adding some more complexity; altitude plays a significant factor in efficiency as well. Lower air density at higher altitudes reduces drag, but it also raises the minimum airspeed required to maintain lift. So, depending on the aircraft, you may not be able to reduce speed all that much while still maintaining the optimum altitude.

            Yeah, it's complicated.

            • by Shotgun ( 30919 )

              Headwind vs tailwind is another major factor. Slowing down in a headwind means that your loitering even longer trying to "punch through" it. Slowing down in a 200mph tailwind means that you have longer for the jet stream to do 1/3rd of the work for you.

      • by Shotgun ( 30919 )

        It only saves fuel if the airframe was designed to be efficient at the slower speed.

        An extreme case to illustrate the point is that an airplane can slow down enough to fly BACKWARDS. Slow aircraft combined with a strong headwind. I've seen it.

        My 601XL seems to have a drag bucket between 50 and 60 mph. If I knew what caused it, I'd try to fix it, but my climb rate increases on BOTH sides of that bucket.

        • So slowing from 580 MPH to 540 MPH will not make a dent in fuel savings? Really? On a transcontinental flight, that will add about 30 minutes to the flight.
    • Actually reducing the delays though would reduce CO2 emissions, at least from airports where the plane has to run an APU.

      Also, schedule padding can lead to issues like a plane arriving while another plane is still using its gate, resulting in the plane idling on the tarmac until the gate is clear.....for two fucking hours.....occasionally having to rev up and move the plane so they were not in the way for other flights.....*starts mumbling and rocking back and forth*

      • by Cederic ( 9623 )

        That's not the airline. That's a badly run airport.

    • by WindBourne ( 631190 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @10:55PM (#58407904) Journal
      If you read further down in the article, you find that this company is selling software that is supposed to improve things.
      Yet, I doubt it. Weather is your real issue.
      For example, the good captain speaks about flights coming in too late or too early and how his software improves that. Fact is, if a flight leaves late, and flight crew does nothing, then it will likely arrive late (tailwind could change things). So, a good flight crew will ask ATC for more direct routes and will likely cruise at faster speeds (however, increasing fuel usage).

      Yeah, I do not buy what he is saying. He is just marketing.
    • The contention that airlines would somehow save money by reducing padding is clearly wrong, as if that were the case, they would have done it. The airline industry is competitive and like any competitive industry, it's in their interests to make as much money as possible.

      TFA also leaves out a major difference between now and the 1960s- the number of airline flights is massively higher. This makes coordination in both airports and in the air much more difficult and provides many more opportunities for a prob

    • Padding the schedule, alone, clearly can't change the amount of fuel that is used to get from point A to point B.

      If anything, it should reduce the total amount of fuel used.

      When people look up available flights, they take the scheduled time into account in making their plans. With more padding, more people will find that there aren't any flights that seem to meet the time constraints for their proposed trip, so they might forego the travel altogether or else go on a shorter alternate trip.

    • Because apparently, everything has to be framed as an environmental issue.

      My best guess as to the excuse for the claim is that he's saying the airlines could improve the planes or routes somehow instead of padding flight times, but I don't really see how that works. Hell, maybe they just think that will make people pay more attention to an empty story.

      Let's face it, this is a story about airlines providing better estimates for flight times. It's pretty boring.

    • first it says it's intentional that the flights take longer.

      then it says that they were consistently late with the old schedules.

      clearly they adjusted it for the time it actually takes when taking into account the airport traffics etc? like how someone can even write that up and not notice that they're full of shit in at least one of the sentences involved?

    • ...until I *gasp* read the article. Part of the reason for the padding is that airport congestion often forces planes to circle until a runway is available. You would think, with GPS,it would be fairly easy to create software that tracks flights in realtime and have them adjust their speed in flight to stagger their arrivals, and you'd be right. But the airlines aren't using it.
  • by sunking2 ( 521698 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @10:27PM (#58407822)

    People often need to make plans based on arrival time, be it for connection, train, or just when to get picked up. If padding gives a better chance of actually knowing when you'll get there who cares if it's longer than when you would have someone sitting at the airport for an hour for your late flight to arrive.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      This is why high speed rail is so much better for flights less than a couple of hours. Much more reliable time tables, frequent departures, and no need to go to/from and out of town airport.

  • by WindBourne ( 631190 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @10:46PM (#58407876) Journal

    Because these flights were consistently late, airlines have now baked delays experienced for decades into their schedules instead of improving operations.

    RIght there is the problem with media not undstanding what is going on, nor really looking into it.
    The airlines used to give the average time. The fact is, that flight times vary due to a number of factors.
    1) the flight might take off late due to local weather, or because OTHER airports in the system is backed up.
    2) a flight might catch a STRONG headwind, or tailwind as in 50 to 100 mph. So, assuming 100 mph and a typical cruise speed of 560 mph, that means that flights might move at 460 or 660 mph. HUGE difference.
    3) a flight might have to head 300-500 miles out of the way to avoid large thunderheads or simply to avoid hard turbulence, which most passengers are afraid of.
    4) typically, if a large airport in a system (for America, ATL, ORD, LAX, DFW, and DEN are the top 5 airports), which any of these airports can be slowed way down or even shutdown due to weather), it will back up other airports.
    5) Finally, flight operations CAN slow things down, but generally, this simply adds time to EVERY FLIGHT in/out of an airport.

    So, claiming that it is flight operations is pointing at a minor issue, rather than the above major ones.

  • "On average, over 30% of all flights arrive more than 15 minutes late every day despite padding,"

    The figure used to be 40% but padding . . . boosted on-time arrival rates.

    "By padding, airlines are gaming the system to fool you."

    Er, no, it sounds like by padding, airlines are giving more accurate information on flight times.

    Which was the intent behind the regulations that require compensation when flights don't go on time.

    You're complaining about something that was an improvement, brought about by deliberat

  • by WindBourne ( 631190 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @11:15PM (#58407970) Journal
    One other thing that was not considered. Back in the 60s, fuel was cheap, esp. in America. Jet engines burn through it amazing fast. Well, the early 707 and 727 had Jet engine. It was only in the last 60s that turbofans came into being with the 747-100 being the first to use one. But, jet engines are faster than turbofans. The early 7[023]7 moved at mach .8-.9. Now, most are .75-.85.

    That was why Boeing wanted to develop the SOnic Cruiser which would cruise at mach .98. But airlines want cheap to operate, which means better fuel efficiency.
    • Yeah, the speed difference you note has nothing to do with the engine and everything to do with aircraft becoming more optimised for the job - the difference between Mach 0.85 and Mach 0.9 is negligible in time, but significant in fuel costs.

      The fact that the Boeing Sonic Cruiser was going to use turbofans (specifically the same engines as the 777), kinda shows the engine had little to do with the speed chosen.

      • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
        When the "jet set" was flying the tech worked to get people around the USA.
        Make flying much more expensive again.
        That will cover the fuel costs.
        Put profits into better tech again. The "jet set" will get even better flight times.

        No longer will US jets be held back by EU factory, fuel cost and design limitations.
        To finally escape decades of EU thinking like the Dassault Mercure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
    • 727 and 737 used turbofans, not turbojets.
      Even Mach 2 aircraft use turbofans nowadays.

  • by gurps_npc ( 621217 ) on Monday April 08, 2019 @11:27PM (#58408008) Homepage

    The people objecting are hoping that if they report actual flight time vs estimated total travel time it will somehow speed up the trip.

    I assure you, airlines hate delays more than you do. Time is quite literally their money. If they can cut travel time, they save energy costs - even on the tarmac awaiting lift off costs them energy, which costs $.

    They are doing a better job by accurately informing you when you will arrive, so that you family can pick you up with less wasted waiting time for them. Your waiting time won't be shorter if they don't tell you about it.

  • by topham ( 32406 ) on Tuesday April 09, 2019 @12:07AM (#58408090) Homepage

    This article is conspiracy level bullshit. Correcting schedules for realistic time isn't about not fixing things that can be fixed, it's about accepting those that can't.

    There isn't an airline on the planet that wouldn't choose to save fuel costs if given the chance.

  • They're not "fooling you", they are being realistic. There's nothing sensible about a schedule that says "we'll get you to New York at 17:00, if everything goes perfectly". Because things don't go perfectly. Some kid barfed on the seat, or the fuel truck broke down, or a wheelchair passenger took longer to offload, or whatever. And when things go wrong - which they will - people counting on a punctual arrival will be pissed. How much better to say "we'll get you to New York by 17:30", and then pleasantly su

  • Last time I did the Newark to LAX flight it took and hour to trundle from the gate (left on time) to the end of the runway for take off.

    The issue isnt padding its airport capacity.

  • Really? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ledow ( 319597 ) on Tuesday April 09, 2019 @04:01AM (#58408602) Homepage

    Surely that's just good schedule management.

    "When we say we get there at 8, we struggle and usually only arrive at 8:30 on average. Therefore, it makes sense to tell people that we arrive at 8:30."

    I can't see anything wrong with that.

    Sure, maybe not "the fastest achievable time" but they don't claim that. Doing so would be stupid as it would open them up to all kinds of lawsuits.

    I don't care about the technicalities. I want to know what time the plane (and therefore I) will get there, so that I can arrange to be picked up.

    If one airlines says they can get me there for 8, and another for 9, and I need to be there for 8, guess what? I'll use that one in preference. Similarly, if I have to get there as soon as humanly possible, I'll use the airline that has the earliest arrival time, and others will have different times - whether that's because of the trip they take, the risks they avoid en-route, or their operational efficiency, it doesn't really matter does it?

    Of all the accusations you could level at airlines "they gave us a more realistic time because they noticed that they couldn't always hit their promised time before" is hardly a bad one.

  • The skies were less crowded back in the 1960s.

    That alone simplifies traffic and scheduling significantly.

  • When people are booking tickets, they also consider the time taken, convenience of departure time, arrival time etc. So the airlines can not blindly pad it up, they will lose market share. That is why they are still 15 min late on average despite the padding.
  • No one has discussed the hub and spoke system used by the airlines. Travelers have to travel to an airline's hub, such as Chicago or Atlanta to catch a connecting flight. The flights all need do arrive in a short period of time, so passengers can switch to their next flight. Then they all need to take off in a small window of time. Spreading the times out would result in published schedules with long layovers, which travelers would avoid. So, the schedules have 30 flights taking off in a short period of tim

    • by ibpooks ( 127372 )

      True, and they have been moving that direction for at least 20 years. I think the decline in the use of the jumbos like the A380 and 747; and the huge popularity of the 737 and A320 is great evidence of this point. The airlines are realizing that a roster with many smaller direct flights is more efficient than one with huge hub-to-hub flights. Granted there is still hub-and-spoke by necessity, but that's not the part of the roster they're building out -- if anything that part is in decline.

  • So they are using decades of experience to actually schedule enough time for how long the flights typically take?

    Why ... is that bad?

  • "Padding drives higher costs in fuel burn, noise and CO2 which means if airline efficiency goes up, costs go down, benefitting both the environment and fares."

    Um.. How's that exactly? All the airlines are doing is making their schedules reflect reality. How long does it really take from push back to shutdown at the destination? Put that on the schedule and keep folks happy because they may get their sooner than planed, won't miss connections as much, the crews are more likely to be where planned and ATC won't be clogged up with flight plans that only have to get their departure times changed.

    If you think the airline is flying around willy nily just to pad their

  • I would rather a plane get to its destination on time than late since if affects other plans. Thus, if they are padding flight times and this means the plane gets to its destination at the scheduled padded time, I'm fine with it. My schedule isn't affected. Nothing worse than missing a connecting flight because of a delay.
  • So the airlines are revising their schedules to be more in line with reality. Isn't this a good thing? And its not making the flights actually longer or is "bad for the environment." The flights themselves aren't changing; passenengers are just being given more accurate information about the flight.

  • CGP Grey showed that significant delays come from people, in the form of boarding order and bags.

    http://www.cgpgrey.com/blog/wh... [cgpgrey.com]

    If airplanes were willing to reduce checked-bag fees, and passengers were willing to delay boarding / disembarking, the overall process could be sped up drastically. But try to tell someone in row 20 that they have to wait to get up until someone in row 30 gets off first.

    • I've never understood the desire for some people to get on the plane right away. You don't get to leave any sooner and you're just getting into a more cramped / crowded environment. That's why I don't mind getting stuck in Zone 5, Group 9, or whatever they call the last group of people getting on the plane.
      • by flippy ( 62353 )

        I've never understood the desire for some people to get on the plane right away. You don't get to leave any sooner and you're just getting into a more cramped / crowded environment. That's why I don't mind getting stuck in Zone 5, Group 9, or whatever they call the last group of people getting on the plane.

        Hallelujah to that! I'd much rather sit in what is almost always a more comfortable seat at the gate than in the cramped seat in the plane.

      • by tippen ( 704534 )
        It's simple: overhead bag space. If board towards the end, you are gate checking your bag or having it crammed where your feet belong.
  • I've also noticed they tend to rush everyone on board and leave early. I'm sure this helps their stats. However, I was bitten by this on a recent trip where my arriving flight was late and I rushed to the connecting flight gate arriving several minutes before the scheduled departure only to find that the plane had left the gate.

  • by p51d007 ( 656414 )
    Can't leave them out of the loop...the FLIGHT itself may take 60 minutes, but you have to get to the airport at least an hour before your flight, to go through all the illegal body searches done by the TSA.

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