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Transportation Medicine

A Clue To the Reason for Women's Pervasive Car-Safety Problem (citylab.com) 301

Women are far more likely to suffer serious injuries in a car crash. From a report: The danger divide was first quantified in a 2011 study out of the University of Virginia, which found that for men and women who wore seatbelts, women were nearly 50 percent more likely to be seriously or fatally injured in a crash. And now it's been confirmed by another paper from another University of Virginia research team, published this month, which found that the odds of serious injury or death for female car-crash victims is 73 percent higher than for males. The latest study, which analyzed crashes involving more than 31,000 individuals between 1998 and 2015, reveals some good news, too: All riders are now more than half as likely to sustain serious injuries in newer models (those manufactured in 2009 and later) than in older cars.

[...] It's partly because of this lack of information -- and lack of dedicated research into the question -- that the same safety science that's been making cars less dangerous for all riders hasn't been able to shrink the gap between male and female auto safety. "Historically, we have used male-type crash test dummies," said Becky Mueller, a senior research engineer at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). "Those dummies, despite being an average male, have done a good job at providing improvements for all different kinds of people." Since the early 2000s, "female" crash test dummies have been deployed, but they tend to simulate smaller women, says Forman, with heights of 5 feet and weights of 110 pounds. "There is some logic behind the use of those: It is necessary to evaluate and protect for the extreme ends of the population," he said. It's also a big limitation of the model.

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A Clue To the Reason for Women's Pervasive Car-Safety Problem

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:26PM (#58966728)

    So it's nothing to do with the fact that women are a lot more fragile than men.

    Right.

    I forgot. It's all social conditioning.

    • Women still tend to live longer than men, though the gap in the developed world is closing. But it might have something to do with biological differences; i.e. shape of the pelvis, that sort of thing. If seatbelts are designed more for men, then it stands to reason that women would have poorer outcomes.

      • But it might have something to do with biological differences; i.e. shape of the pelvis, that sort of thing

        Also men have more job related accidents and suicides.

      • by fche ( 36607 )

        > Women still tend to live longer than men,

        We must immediately correct the gender lifespan gap.

      • Women still tend to live longer than men

        That's because they don't have wives.

        Also, women get extra time in lieu for the time they spend parallel-parking.

    • by tomhath ( 637240 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:51PM (#58966936)
      The researchers suggest that seat belts/shoulder harnesses could be designed better, but I think you're correct - men are bigger, more muscular and have stronger skeletons than women.
      • by rogoshen1 ( 2922505 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:58PM (#58966984)

        First let me say that it's good to see the researchers striving for a more inclusive test model.

        However, as far as i recall, most of these crash test dummies (is that still okay to say in our current society as of 2019?) are white. Really we need POC test apparatuses for a fully inclusive and equitable test.

        Also how do we know these test apparatuses are hetero-normal CIS? What if they would prefer to identify as 'other'?

        • by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 22, 2019 @01:27PM (#58967210)
          Actually, most crash test dummies are highly visible colors like orange. So at least the President is safe.
        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          by laie_techie ( 883464 )

          First let me say that it's good to see the researchers striving for a more inclusive test model.

          However, as far as i recall, most of these crash test dummies (is that still okay to say in our current society as of 2019?) are white. Really we need POC test apparatuses for a fully inclusive and equitable test.

          You are being funny, but different races do have different body types. Even within the same race some people have longer or shorter trunks than their peers.

          Also how do we know these test apparatuses are hetero-normal CIS? What if they would prefer to identify as 'other'?

          Since we are talking physical safety, I don't believe a person's gender identity (as opposed to physical sex) makes a difference in the dummies.

      • by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:58PM (#58966986)

        I have also seen many women sit very close to the steering wheel.

        Not sure if this is due to stature, arm length or making them feel more in control...

        However, air-bags can deal a fatal blow if the driver/passenger are less than a foot from where the bag releases [consumeraffairs.com]

        • That's a good point. In the days before power assist steering, it was difficult for women to turn the wheel when parking, unless they were close to the wheel and able to apply their weight as well as just scissoring their arms. This isn't some crazed patriarchal plot, it's because they don't have the same arm and shoulder strength as men.
          There is also the difference in height. typically women are shorter, so to see over the dash they have to sit higher, and closer to the pedals. In the old days this was acc

      • by butchersong ( 1222796 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @01:05PM (#58967038)
        The women are intentionally not using the shoulder portion of the seat belt. I'm not sure how you could design it in such a way as to not bind breasts or crease clothing...
        • The study says it includes "Only occupants restrained by a 3-point belt." You could argue that their sample is contaminated with mislabeled data, but I think it's easily possible that the difference in upper-body anatomy is enough to cause shoulder belts to work better for men even when they are worn correctly.

          However, some of the biggest differences between men and women are in leg and ankle injuries. The paper mentions that there may be genuine differences in injury tolerance due to other biomechanica

        • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

          I can see a way to jury-rig a four-point harness to bypass breast area and instead focus on contact points on shoulders and lower torso. I don't see median woman using such a contraption because it would both make her look worse and take quite a while to actually strap in.

          Essentially something like this, but with wider spread attachment points for shoulder straps to bypass breast bulges:

          https://www.demon-tweeks.com/e... [demon-tweeks.com]

      • by rtb61 ( 674572 )

        I would suggest it be tied straight to muscle mass. Simply more muscle bulk to absorb impact. Tense up prior to crash, muscles in a tough taught state, protecting bone and body core from damage, effective becoming shock and impact absorbers and there can be a huge difference add in body fat and women tend to be skinnier and men have a lot of body mass that can absorb damage protecting the core.

    • by Shane_Optima ( 4414539 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @04:58PM (#58968802) Journal

      So it's nothing to do with the fact that women are a lot more fragile than men.

      You've been modded down troll and flamebait but this is absolutely true. I seem to recall some studies on full contact sports (I don't recall which) that indicated significantly worse outcomes than men re: head injuries. Given the role of neck muscles in stabilizing the head and absorbing impacts, this really isn't so surprising. There are a lot of other differences, for example bone density is usually higher in men. This really shouldn't be a hard concept to accept. Do you honestly believe a female linebacker taking a hit (let's say she's the same height and weight as an average male linebacker) would have an equal risk of injury as male linebackers?

      If it's true that the dummies are closer to average males and none are being used that are nearer to average females well, yeah, let's fix that. But I'd be shocked if that were the *main* factor driving these statistics. The interior ergonomics of the car aren't likely to make nearly as much of a difference to injury rates as biology-driven average differences between the genders, possibly also combined with some behavioral differences as well regarding wearing shoulder belts (others here are commenting about how some females apparently don't wear shoulder belts? That's news to me, but plausible I guess), leg positioning, etc.

      As for the kneejerk anti-SJW ranting, well, as tiresome as it may be (and I do find much of it tiresome), there's a reason why it happens. I'll bet dollars to donuts that in many not so dark corners of the internet, this article is being cited as yet another shining example of male privilege harming women. By all means, let's get some better crash test dummies, but TFS strikes me as insanely misleading. Behavioral differences may or may not be a big factor here, but the basic biological differences absolutely *are* there and need to be controlled for before we start making the astonishing implication that male crash test dummies may have resulted in car designs that seriously injure women at a rate 73% higher than men.

      On average, male bodies can take significantly more punishment than female bodies. If you think these sorts of statements are flamebait or trolling, you are a) fantastically ignorant and b) part of the problem.

    • Exactly. Yet another example of how the patriarchy hurts women. No word, though, on whether or not that includes the transfolk.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:28PM (#58966750)

    Men will be forced to wear fake boobs to increase their chance of dying in an accident. In the name of equality!!!

    • by Anonymous Coward

      Drink enough soy milk lattes and you won't need simulated breasts.

    • Done! (Score:5, Funny)

      by Somervillain ( 4719341 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:55PM (#58966954)
      I gotta say, since I had them installed, I've gotten nothing but compliments in my male-dominated workplace! As an added bonus, no one notices I hate making eye contact if they're not even bothering making eye contact with me!
  • This must have something to do with breasts.

    This is exactly why I haven't got breast implants- too dangerous to drive while under the influence of having breasts.

  • Bollocks! (Score:3, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:30PM (#58966778)

    Are the authors of these studies stupid or what? Women are less likely to put on seatbelts because they compress or otherwise emphasize their breasts making them targets of jokes. If you don't believe me just ask around.

    • Re:Bollocks! (Score:5, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:47PM (#58966902)

      You intended this as a joke, but as a firefighter, I've cut injured women out of cars who have the lap belt on, but put the shoulder belt behind them. When they're conscious (and still have teeth in their head and their jaw isn't broken), I get a combination of uncomfortable/wrinkles clothing/messes up hair as an excuse for wearing the belt that way. My wife totaled my pickup last year wearing the belt as described, and only the airbag kept her from eating the steering wheel.

      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        by Anonymous Coward

        I didn't mean it as a joke. My girlfriend actually refuses to put the seatbelt on for this reason.

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        by Anonymous Coward

        This is what I was going to say. Women don't sit and wear the belts as per the manufacturer's instructions. Nearly 70% of my female friends try to put their legs on the dashboard, push their seat too far back, lean the back more than 5% from vertical, reverse the direction of the headrest so it doesn't push the head forward, adjust the seatbelt pillar mount to the highest possible position so the belt is much closer to the neck than to the shoulder, slouch so that the hip portion of the belt isn't on their

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by mcl630 ( 1839996 )

      Are the authors of these studies stupid or what? Women are less likely to put on seatbelts because they compress or otherwise emphasize their breasts making them targets of jokes. If you don't believe me just ask around.

      No, the authors are not stupid. From TFA (emphasis mine):

      But controlling for the car’s model year, and the passenger or driver’s age, height, weight, BMI, and proximity to the steering wheel, females continue to be in more vulnerable positions when involved in frontal impact collisions—even when they wear a seatbelt.

  • reveals some good news, too: All riders are now more than half as likely to sustain serious injuries in newer models (those manufactured in 2009 and later) than in older cars. ..... that the same safety science that's been making cars less dangerous for all riders hasn't been able to shrink the gap between male and female auto safety

    Is the author really saying that not all riders were more than half as likely to sustain serious injuries, And now they ARE more than half as likely in newer cars, and
    how is

  • by Anonymous Coward
    Are crash stats worse for them too?
  • by sinij ( 911942 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:31PM (#58966800)
    Well all know that gender is a social construct. It follows that women can't have pervasive car-safety problem, it is all imaginary/socially constructed. Next.
    • by Anonymous Coward

      Solution: the women identify as men when they get in the car. That should solve the problem.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    I know women tend to put the over strap under their arm as it is uncomfortable. If it is size and weight there should be similar results with children. I browsed the paper but TLDR as I am at work.

  • This is America. (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward

    It's been YEARS since I last saw a woman under 110 pounds.

  • by bobstreo ( 1320787 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:46PM (#58966888)

    "." Since the early 2000s, "female" crash test dummies have been deployed, but they tend to simulate smaller women, says Forman, with heights of 5 feet and weights of 110 pounds. "

    This doesn't seem take into account women over the age of 13 or so. Do you know many women that weigh 110 lbs?

    What happens to the risk factor if the woman weighs 200 or 300 lbs? Or is an average height?

    • by religionofpeas ( 4511805 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @12:51PM (#58966932)

      Do you know many women that weigh 110 lbs?

      No, but if a car is safe for both the small dummy and the bigger male dummy, it is likely that it is also safe for sizes between those two.

    • Obese women are less likely to suffer injury in any case. Anyway, it seems more important to preserve and boost the population of our healthier women don't you think?
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        Obese women are less likely to suffer injury in any case. Anyway, it seems more important to preserve and boost the population of our healthier women don't you think?

        The standard for for what is "obese" is absurd. That chubby girl you didn't look at the other day, is obese according to the medical definition. Having a few extra kilos does not automatically make you unhealthy.
        Also you are a jackass.

    • 640 lb women dummies ought to be large enough for any crash test.

    • This doesn't seem take into account women over the age of 13 or so. Do you know many women that weigh 110 lbs?

      Not all of us live in the South or Midwest or, for that matter, Scotland.

      And no; being unhealthy is never beautiful.

    • What happens to the risk factor if the woman weighs 200 or 300 lbs?

      They bounce and then walk away.

    • Do you know many women that weigh 110 lbs?

      No, but I'd like to!

    • This doesn't seem take into account women over the age of 13 or so. Do you know many women that weigh 110 lbs?

      Yes, I do know a few! And no, they're 30, not 13, I'm not Trump!

  • by pgmrdlm ( 1642279 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @01:30PM (#58967238) Journal
    They sit closer to the steering wheel, so that when the air bag goes off. It does not have enough room to expand fully before hitting the women in the chest and face? In other words, still accelerating? I thought an air bag had to travel 18 inches(?) to properly work without injury to the person?
  • The article indicates that women are more prone to lower limb injuries. They controlled for a number of things like size, etc. They didn't control for high heals, flip flops, and open toed shoes. They also didn't control for the fact women are much more likely to put their feet on the dash board.

    I have to wonder if they controlled for the fact many women don't wear seat belts if they are wearing fancy clothes or dresses. I have also seen women who place the shoulder strap behind there back to prevent wrinkl

  • by mschaffer ( 97223 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @01:41PM (#58967366)

    While the authors are a different team, the research comes from the same center at UVa (Center for Applied Biomechanics) and the same database. The first study evaluated a dataset from 1998 and 2008. The second study evaluated the same dataset from 1998 to 2015.

    What would be news is if they had different result.

  • These studies tend to neglect a lot of what people do during an actual vehicle accident.

    This is all anecdotal, but when I drive and have to brake suddenly I've noticed that most women tense up and "brace" for impact. Whereas, male passengers and myself are more loose and flexible.

    During an accident, you want to be as rag doll like as possible to avoid injury. It's why drunk drivers seem to always survive more accidents while their passengers die.

    This might be one of the reasons why women seem to get more in

  • Comment removed (Score:5, Insightful)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @01:54PM (#58967470)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by Major_Disorder ( 5019363 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @03:19PM (#58968080)

      News at 11. I had to buy a "tiddy bear" for my wife to get her to wear a belt because her large breasts would get bruising and friction burns from the shoulder belt cutting across her breasts, the bear added enough padding and is soft enough to keep the belt from hurting her.

      I think you only posted to brag about your wifes big breasts. ;)

    • by drew_kime ( 303965 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @04:44PM (#58968722) Journal

      So this does not surprise me, if a woman has anything bigger than a B cup the average shoulder belt is gonna cause them serious discomfort and when you get to D serious pain so they take the risk rather than get their breasts smashed every time they get in the car.

      And this doesn't make them stupid, or bad drivers. If seatbelts were designed in a way that they pinched my balls all the time I probably wouldn't wear them either. That's the point of this study: Why are women getting hurt more often? If the answer is that they don't wear seatbelts because they're too uncomfortable, then manufacturers need to rethink the design to accommodate breasts.

  • and it probably saved your life.

  • I wonder what percent of these deaths also had their feet on the dash or out the window at the time of the accident.
  • by holophrastic ( 221104 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @02:28PM (#58967764)

    This is my first instinct. We all know that typical men have more weight at the shoulders, and all women have more weight at the mid-rift.

    We've all seen side-view crash tests, where the person winds up leaning forward, into the airbag. The seat belt allows for a little lean, let's call it 5 degrees forward.

    My instinct is that those 5 degrees, and the few inches of travel at the shoulder, are incredibly significant compared to the zero travel at the mid-rift.

    Inches of travel means rapid-but-smooth deceleration; zero travel means sudden-impact.

    I don't know how much it takes to crush vital organs, but again my instinct is simply that inches matter.

    I don't think that any of the other "identified variables", as the article mentions, are significant when juxtaposed with simple mass/travel -- aka f=ma.

  • I'm sure it has absolutely nothing to do with the fact that women are typically 40% weaker than men, and smaller than men.

    I RTFA and didn't see a mention that they corrected for women and men of the same size, or for children (even smaller). Seems like that would be a rather obvious thing to determine if women ACTUALLY were getting more harmed due to something about their physiology, or if they just were on the curve of injuries vs size/weight as everyone else.

  • ..if you have fake breasts, fake teeth, fake noses, and other non-original parts.

    Also, some women don't use safety belts, because they might crumple their dresses, no shit.

    And I don't want to mention their shoes either, driving with heels or removing them and driving barefoot is not for everyone.

    • And I don't want to mention their shoes either, driving with heels or removing them and driving barefoot is not for everyone.

      I don't even know how they can walk in some of those shoes, let alone drive.

    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      On the other hand, there are those Bulgarian air bags.

  • Seatbelts should be worn tight, the tighter the restraint the better. This results in far less movement and far less injury.

  • One can argue that women have a more pronounced startle response i.e. they tense up very quickly whereas men are less likely to tense up in a collision. Ergo, the male body is more relaxed on impact thus resulting in less injury. Female crash test dummies would need to be redesign to simulate this. Conclusion: lighten up, ladies. #sarcasm

  • Seat belt position (Score:4, Informative)

    by Rastl ( 955935 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @03:44PM (#58968270) Journal

    I'm 5'3" with boobs and the problem is that my seat belt is not in the intended position. My anatomy ensures that. So what should be a solid strap going from one hip over my torso to the frame of the car is angled up over my collar bone and shoulder, cutting into my neck.

    This doesn't stop me from wearing my seat belt and snugging it down so it's as tight as it should be but it probably does reduce the effectiveness of it based on how it will hold me into the seat.

    Just making a smaller crash test dummy isn't enough. Female bodies are different than male. It's basic anatomy. Those squishy bits need to be taken into consideration when designing safety equipment.

  • by istartedi ( 132515 ) on Monday July 22, 2019 @04:48PM (#58968742) Journal

    Obesity is a major factor in mortality [forbes.com] and while men are more likely to be "overweight", women are more likely to be "obese" or "extremely obese" according to these statistics I pulled up. [nih.gov].

    We can't discount the different ways that weight is distributed based on gender, but how much you weigh has to play a factor. More weight coming to a sudden stop means more force pounding on bones and internal organs.

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