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The Military

Elon Musk Predicts F-35s Would Have 'No Chance' Against Drone Fighter Planes (businessinsider.com) 298

"Tesla CEO Elon Musk suggested that Lockheed Martin's F-35 Lightning II, the costly stealth jet considered to be pinnacle of U.S. military aviation, 'would have no chance' if pitted against a drone [fighter plane] that is remotely piloted by a human," writes Business Insider.

Long-time Slashdot reader DeadlyBattleRobot shares their report: At the U.S. Air Force's Air Warfare Symposium in Florida, Musk said there should be a competitor to the F-35 program, according to a tweet by Lee Hudson, the Pentagon editor at Aviation Week... The Air Force conference at which Musk made his comments included senior US military officials and pilots. Speaking with Space and Missile Systems Center Commander Lt. Gen. John Thompson, Musk said autonomous drone warfare "is where it's at" and "where the future will be," according to Defense News.

"It's not that I want the future to be this. That's just what the future will be," Musk added. "The fighter jet era has passed. Yeah, the fighter jet era has passed. It's drones."

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Elon Musk Predicts F-35s Would Have 'No Chance' Against Drone Fighter Planes

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  • No chance at all (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday March 02, 2020 @06:40AM (#59786634)

    Unless the F35 had some form of jamming equipment. I guess it's lucky for remotely controlled drones that no-one has invented such a thing.

    • by Ronin Developer ( 67677 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @06:48AM (#59786644)

      Exactly. All the maneuvering superiority is pointless if you canâ(TM)t communicate with the thing.

      And, even if comms were not jammed, you still need to be able to âoeseeâ the F-35 to engage it. The only time they would have an advantage is if the drone can get a visual or thermal lock.

      Now, if they solve the communication and observability problems, a swarm of heavily armed stealth drones would be frightening indeed.

      • "And, even if comms were not jammed, you still need to be able to âoeseeâ the F-35 to engage it. "

        'It'? They are cheap, you'll send a dozen.

      • by StatureOfLiberty ( 1333335 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @08:44AM (#59786958)
        The unmanned fighters would not have to worry about the pilot's physical limitations. So, they could handle what would be fatal G forces in turns.
        But:

        Just last week I watched an episode of Dogfights. One flight that was showcased was an Isreali ace (Giora Epstein) who at one time was outnumbered 10 to 1 in a dogfight (his buddies had bugged out) and was flying an airplane that was inferior to what he was fighting against. Yet, if I remember correctly, he downed 5 enemy aircraft and almost got a 6th.

        1. He could see enemy planes twice as far out as they could see him.
        2. He had amazing situational awareness.
        3. He knew now to get the most out of his aircraft
        4. He was patient and waited until is enemy made a mistake.

        I worry more about the possibility of mass produced (cheaper but competent) enemy aircraft with well trained pilots.

        • Yet, if I remember correctly, he downed 5 enemy aircraft and almost got a 6th.
          It is called: target rich environment
          In computer games I used to do that all the time. Lucky we played in LANs so everyone saw I was not cheating.

          Obviously RL is a huge difference, especially the required battle awareness.

        • by ron_ivi ( 607351 )

          He could see enemy planes twice as far out as they could see him. He had amazing situational awareness. He knew now to get the most out of his aircraft He was patient and waited until is enemy made a mistake.

          Interestingly, those are all things that drone AI's are excellent at compared to humans.

      • "And, even if comms were not jammed, you still need to be able to âoeseeâ the F-35 to engage it. The only time they would have an advantage is if the drone can get a visual or thermal lock."

        While the Eyeball Mk-I is still popular, there was this invention back in WWII, something about using radio waves to locate a target at night ...

        Seriously, we are currently in the era of missile combat. Radar lock is obtained at huge distances. The AIM-120D (current most popular long-range air-to-air missile)

      • by cusco ( 717999 )

        What's the problem with seeing it? They're only stealthed from the front and to a much lesser extent the side and rear, the bottom and top have almost no protection. They've known since the tail end of the '90s that the path of a "stealth" aircraft flying through a cellphone network can be detected by analyzing the towers' own intranetwork communications. Once the drone has been directed close enough to establish visual and/or thermal contact the flying money-pit is dead.

      • When a stealth fighter opens its missile bay it glows up on radar like a christmas tree.

        The only point where an F-35 and others have an advantage is that they are integrated into an Awacs or Hawk-Eye command center. So a standard drone would not come close to them.

        And don't forget: the Airforce is already experimenting with drones as wingmen, being one or two hundred kilometers away from the controlling aircraft.

        They won't be remote controlled anyway. The remote operator would basically only confirm targets

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by Joce640k ( 829181 )

      Unless the F35 had some form of jamming equipment.

      (facepalm)

      Yep, the whole point of the F35 "stealth" program was to build an aircraft that continuously broadcasts its position via a wide spectrum radio signal.

      Clue: A "jamming" signal is incredibly easy for a missile to lock onto.

      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        by Anonymous Coward

        You might like to face palm yourself, you are not as clever as you think you are.

        1. The drone control signal is also easy for a missile to lock onto.
        2. You don't go active with jamming until something locks onto you. At which point stealth is irrelevant.

        Sometimes, someone knows more than you.

        • You might like to face palm yourself, you are not as clever as you think you are.

          1. The drone control signal is also easy for a missile to lock onto.
          2. You don't go active with jamming until something locks onto you. At which point stealth is irrelevant.

          Sometimes, someone knows more than you.

          You haven't thought that all the way through.

          If your F35 starts broadcasting it's position whenever it detects a certain signal then I just flood the sky with that signal.

          (followed by missiles).

      • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

        Jammers have off switches. The F35 has a pretty sophisticated (active) electronic warfare suite.

        https://www.f35.com/about/capa... [f35.com]

      • Yep, the whole point of the F35 "stealth" program was to build an aircraft that continuously broadcasts its position via a wide spectrum radio signal. Clue: A "jamming" signal is incredibly easy for a missile to lock onto.

        Wouldn't that also mean that the continuous, high-bandwidth data stream that the drone has to send back to its human pilot so they can see what they are doing would also be "incredibly easy for a missile to lock onto"? I guess jamming is not needed, just one radio-seeking air-to-air missile.

    • Unless the F35 had some form of jamming equipment. I guess it's lucky for remotely controlled drones that no-one has invented such a thing.

      You've heard of infra-red right. As in heatseekers. Not jammable. Also the F-35 is a bag of shit. It's not stealth, it's stealthy ish from some angles and only when it's not carrying external stores (ie when it has close to zero offensive power). On top of that it has tiny little shitty stubby wings that won't allow it to manoever nearly as well as it's competitors. If the thing gets in a tangle with anything its pretty much fucked. 1 viper with a visual would rip it apart with juns. No missiles needed.

      • The commentator was speaking about jamming the comms between the drone and the operator. I certainly hope that no one is arming AI-controlled drones that can fire missiles without the guidance of a human!
        • by cusco ( 717999 )

          You do realize that a cruise missile is an AI-controlled drone which completes its attack without the guidance of a human, which just happens to also be the missile, right? A fairly stupid AI, but the things have been around since the 1970s and are responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands. That horse left the barn a long time ago.

      • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

        "You've heard of infra-red right. As in heatseekers. Not jammable."

        https://www.military.com/equip... [military.com]

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • Considering that most aircraft kills are done a long way off, and the F35 is SPECIFICALLY designed for over the horizon kills and not in close dog-fighting, "jamming" the signals from many km away might be a bit difficult.

      The autonomous part, which I assume kicks in on signal loss, is the tricky part. The pilot is more there for accountability than anything else, indeed I would imagine much of the modern jets systems are pretty automated already.

    • by Njovich ( 553857 )

      Good luck jamming a laser targeted at a satellite or ground station

  • I doubt it (Score:4, Informative)

    by ElectronicSpider ( 6381110 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @06:50AM (#59786646)
    How remotely? As far as I know, for every 300 KM the remote pilot will have to deal with 1 second of latency, one second of unknown is a lot.
    • Re:I doubt it (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Zandamesh ( 1689334 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @06:55AM (#59786660)

      "Remote control" in this context obviously means that a human controller tells the drone *what* to do, not *how* to do it, then it can execute those instruction with digital speeds, a human can't compete with that. The drone will also be able to execute maneuvers that a human could never do.

      • Re:I doubt it (Score:5, Informative)

        by bobbied ( 2522392 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @07:35AM (#59786740)

        The problem though is how fast can the information needed to make the decision and communicate it be made? Latency is a HUGE deal here.

        IF we are discussing dog fights, then the drone loses almost hands down due to latency over a human in the aircraft opponent. Unless you get the missile shot off as they come into range and assuming nobody decides to disengage because they are at a disadvantage, you are going to quickly be in a low speed turning fight. In this situation, the winner is generally the one who can turn (out maneuver) the other. Fighter pilots say it this way "Rate kills" if you can turn faster than your opponent, you win. Drones would be at a distinct disadvantage here due to the communications latency. A human pilot need only change something in the turn and his opponent won't be able to react to that change as quickly, effectively lowering the turn rate.

        Don't fool yourself into thinking that some AI can respond faster either. The sensing required and the processing power required to make such decisions is way too big, heavy and power hungry.

        • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

          There is no way a human pilot can withstand the G-Force that a drone piloted craft could. Having no pilot makes the fighter aircraft orders of magnitude more dangerous. Add AI into this mix and human remote operators will just be there for the admin
          • There is no way a human pilot can withstand the G-Force that a drone piloted craft could. Having no pilot makes the fighter aircraft orders of magnitude more dangerous. Add AI into this mix and human remote operators will just be there for the admin

            Yes, but... As I discuss elsewhere.. High G turns are not usually how a dogfight is won. High G maneuvers are only going to happen at the beginning of a fight, when energies and airspeeds are high and each combatant is deciding if they wish to join the fight or not. Many times the fight ends with a stand off missile shot followed by a high G turn to get away. Being a drone able to sustain higher G loads doesn't change this much.

            Once you get into close quarters, combat is not about pulling G's but how fa

            • by MobyDisk ( 75490 )

              combat is not about pulling G's but how fast you can turn.

              I am confused: How is "how fast you can turn" not exactly the same as "pulling G's?"

        • by juancn ( 596002 )
          Not necessarily. Just tag the target and tell it "kill that thing". Go autonomously on the dog fight. The "pilot" is more of a supervisor, algorithms do most of the flying and fighting. You could have a single "pilot" command a swarm of drones. A whole squad, rather than have a 1:1 relationship.

          At dog fight distance It could go visual on the target (sensor integration like a self driving car would allow it to have better battlefield awareness). It doesn't need to survive, just crash into it.

          A drone is n

      • "execute maneuvers that a human could never do": I see this as being a major plus to what the DoD is working on. Given enough sensors, a plane might be able to detect an engaging enemy active fire and automatically dodge, move out of the way, in ways that would render a human pilot unconscious.
    • Re:I doubt it (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Kjella ( 173770 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @06:56AM (#59786662) Homepage

      How remotely? As far as I know, for every 300 KM the remote pilot will have to deal with 1 second of latency, one second of unknown is a lot.

      It's radio waves so they travel at 300,000 km/s not 300...

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • The whole idea of the "loyal wingman" concept is to combine the best of both worlds -- have a human in a fighter close enough to be immune to jamming that commands a squadron of drones flying with him.

        They won't be cheap and easily replaceable though. There's only so much cost/weight savings gained by ripping out the human life support, and while pilot training is expensive it's still nowhere near the cost of the airframe. The reason drones are seen as "cheap" is that the ones we use today mostly are low-pa

        • The only other option is to make them as cheap as possible knowing they'll get shot out of the sky, with the goal being to overwhelm with numbers, but that just puts you in a war of industrial capacity.

          ...and the F35 is revealed for what it always was: An expensive boondoggle.

          • Well, the F-35B did turn out to be the best STOVL fighter ever made, so there's that. The Marines did get a big win for their flattops. Pity the Air Force and Navy have to pay for it.

      • Exactly. And there were even tests decades ago, which showed that pilots have no chance against the high-g maneuvers of remote controlled planes.
        It is well known, and companies must be working on this for a long time. I don't know why we need Musk to say this.
    • 300000km, you know. The earth moon distance.

      Roundtrip time latency is double that.

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      You're off by a bit. Light travels at 300,000 km/s.

    • by Travco ( 1872216 )
      I think that it's 300,000 KM = 1 second. small difference
    • Theres a simple way to solve that: motherships. Many air forces have aerial radar platforms likes the US AWACS or E-2 Hawkeye that can direct fighters to targets. You simply have another aerial platform with control stations orbiting at a safe distance to control the unmanned fighters. The drones themselves can be land or carrier based.

    • 150Mm round trip not km.
  • Piloted planes are limited by the pilot's fleshy limitations.

    A drone plane can do more extreme manoeuvres than a normal plane - that will give it an advantage. Also the pilot support systems take up space, space that could be used for ammunition or other features you can't fit on a normal plane.

    On board tracking, targeting AIs might also give it a responsiveness advantage - the remotely piloted drone has a latency disadvantage.

    I guess when a drone enters active situations, you can also have more than one pe

    • You're still thinking of the drone as a single unit though.
      Once you have ten smaller, more maneuverable, cheaper drones all coordinating their movements, a human piloted jet loses all value, they'll come from all sides, close off all your possible options.
      There's no need to have humans piloting or targeting, a computer can calculate trajectories much better, you just have humans around to define broader goals and maybe confirm or deny kill decisions.

      The only reason humans still have any chance against AI li

    • by fermion ( 181285 )
      I think this is the key. A drone is more expendable than a human and cheaper that a billion dollar boondoggle. That said, the F35 is a boondoggle and all indications are that it is a dog that can’t hunt.
  • Elon's speech seemed to say that he think that the F-35's replacement will be a remotely controlled drone with some autonomous assistance.

    I think that we're pretty far away from having a fully auto piloted drone, though. If Elon thinks that the PR blowback of a Tesla on autopilot crashing into someone is big, just wait to see what happens when an armed drone accidentally blows up some civilian bystanders because it's sensors got confused during a dogfight.

    • by EnsilZah ( 575600 ) <EnsilZahNO@SPAMGmail.com> on Monday March 02, 2020 @07:09AM (#59786690)

      Probably the same thing that happens when a human-piloted jet bombs some civilians based on bad intel, they'll call it collateral damage and move on.

    • when an armed drone accidentally blows up some civilian bystanders

      Considering Russia is deliberately bombing hospitals in Syria [nytimes.com], and has been doing so since the day it started helping the Syrian regime, and the world doesn't even raise an eyebrow, I don't think a drone accidentally hitting some civilians will be that big a deal.

      • when an armed drone accidentally blows up some civilian bystanders

        Considering Russia is deliberately bombing hospitals in Syria [nytimes.com], and has been doing so since the day it started helping the Syrian regime, and the world doesn't even raise an eyebrow, I don't think a drone accidentally hitting some civilians will be that big a deal.

        America has been accidentaly been hitting civilians with drones for years and no one gives a shit.

        • America has been accidentaly been hitting civilians with drones for years and no one gives a shit.

          The difference is it's an accident when the U.S. does it and it is investigated whereas when Russia deliberately bombs hospitals it either claims no knowledge of the event, despite there being documentation showing the pilots know they are bombing hospitals [nytimes.com], or claim they are going after "terrorists". And by terrorists they mean anyone who disagrees with the Syrian dictator.

          Further, when civilians are hit, the U.S. owns up to it and at least makes a good faith effort not to deliberately targeted civilians.

    • Elon's speech seemed to say that he think that the F-35's replacement will be a remotely controlled drone with some autonomous assistance.

      I think that we're pretty far away from having a fully auto piloted drone, though. If Elon thinks that the PR blowback of a Tesla on autopilot crashing into someone is big, just wait to see what happens when an armed drone accidentally blows up some civilian bystanders because it's sensors got confused during a dogfight.

      He can barely get a car to drive itself properly yet, maybe master that before we try getting fighter jets to do it.

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      There have been fully autonomous drones for quite some time. Technically "drone" used to mean an autonomous aircraft. And you don't have civilian bystanders to dogfights.
      After all, what are missiles but autonomous single-use drones?

  • by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @07:16AM (#59786710)
    Drones is where war has been at since 1959.10.7 when the PLAAF 2nd Independent AAA Battalion shot down a ROCAF Canberra over the Tongzhou District in Beijing, which AFAIK is the first SAM kill in history. That was further cemented when the USAF scored 3 missile kills for every 1 gun kills over Vietnam. (hit: SAMs and AAMs used to be human guided suicide drones, today they are autonomous suicide drones). EADS has the right idea, the next gen of fighters/strikers will be stealthy drone herders. The next generation after that and air forces will probably consist predominantly of fully autonomous fighter/striker drones. In fact it would surprise me if some of the drone herding and loyal drone wingman tech does not show up in the F22/F35/Typhooon during MLU's. None of them will be as cool as the SW Vulture droids though.
    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Hypersonic drones will probably be the next big thing. Very difficult to intercept, the next big arms race.

      I don't know why this is news though. Musk says a lot of stuff, most of it bollocks.

  • by bobbied ( 2522392 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @07:17AM (#59786720)

    Musk apparently doesn't understand the physics of flying or how this dog fight thing happens.

    Where a drone would be a difficult opponent in some situations, IF the F-35 could be seen from it's pilot's vantage point on the ground, the ONE thing the F-35 brings to the party is stealth. It may not be as stealthy as some fighters, but it's going to be pretty hard for a drone to follow using sensors like radar. Visual following using, say a contrast tracker, is a hit or miss proposition and forget IR tracking, that's part of the stealth thing these days.

    That's not to say drones are not a threat to the F-35, they are. It's just that in this case, the conventional ground to air missiles are going to be most effective and if you think about it, really are just specialized drones already. We have developed tactics and countermeasures for missiles which are pretty effective - including stealth.

    Flying a drone remotely quickly becomes a difficult task when you are maneuvering. Sure, flying straight and level for hundreds of miles or circling some point on the globe is easy to automate and not too demanding on the data links in terms of data rates and latency, but when you need to be precisely controlling an aircraft in an unpredictable flying environment, the amount of data you need and latency start to become a significant problem. Dogfighting requires very quick reaction times, the quicker the better, so pilots train to see aspect changes (the observed aircraft is changing it's orientation or even better the deflection of the control surfaces that cause tha aspect change, and learn to react... "He's rolling to the right, means he's going to be making a right turn." even before they move to the right. This will be VERY difficult to do with a drone over a video link with the added latency it will require. The human piloted aircraft will have a distinct advantage in close quarters when the energies are low and the winner of the fight is about how fast can you turn in the right direction where a drone will have the disadvantage of communications delays.

    So, Musk is a bit crazy here, and is likely boasting about things he really doesn't fully understand.

    That's not to say drones don't have a place in an air to air conflict, just not as individual combatants. Where a drone will be *very* useful and dangerous is in the possible uses as remote sensing platforms and communications link providers. Drones can work in concert with manned aircraft to launch weapons, provide remote and cooperative sensing making the manned aircraft more effective or able to stay out of harm's way by staying out of weapons range, but launching missiles from a drone instead. But in a dogfight, those drones will generally lose...

    • A combination of remote control plus local AI on the drone could be very interesting. Without a human onboard, drones can pull far higher acceleration, and the AI would only need to handle decisions on the timeframe of the latency of the control link, not anything long-term. It helps that AI can have reaction times far faster than a human, and far faster than any plane or drone can manoeuvre.

      You'd have to actually program that AI, and find a way to fuse the AI and human control in a way that handles natural

    • So, Musk is a bit crazy here, and is likely boasting about things he really doesn't fully understand.

      Musk talking about shit he don't understand? Nope, don't believe it for a second. XD

    • Musk apparently doesn't understand the physics of flying or how this dog fight thing happens.

      Doesn't understand the physics of flying? Better not let him near a rocket then.

  • Musk has never said anything about technological trends that wasn't supported by a majority of people with any motivation to know something about them from an engineering vantage versus a vested interest in a status quo. Accomplishing those inevitable transitions is where a hat comes off.

    But PayPal was inevitable. Transitioning away from fossil fuels. Privatizing launch and orbiting vehicles...the man has always been in a position of enormous privilege and sufficiently modest to study his interests and hire teams he can discern know more than himself.

    But on this topic, not a lot posters are considerately framing "what's in front of you". In 2005, I suspected what ratio drones versus piloted craft comprised US defenses/offenses would be classified and I'm no military hobbyist. Drones aren't new. And Musk's "opinion" is not radical in any way.

    Too many posts are assuming the simplest of navigational controls (read vulnerable and without supplement or contingency) to sic a flock of drones on a squadron of piloted aircraft or emerging [collective noun for drones{bee related suggested}] of drones. Cooperative bot games are being publically presented, so what's being developed with classified techniques and methods (and their combination) is far forward of it. Most, if not all, drones will be piloted, but the assisting technology will undoubtedly approach autonomous function and task completion if that connection is compromised.

    Musk's obsession with technology to have his cars self-drive is ONE of his greatest blunders. Wouldn't an electric car that is "faster than falling" be just fine without having it assist? But NOoooooo. Can't be as inexpensive as it might have been...must add on all that jive that is many years out from reliable and safe. NO system of guidance is demonstrated as it will have to negotiate being surrounded by other systems, them all signal bouncing for orientation.

    It's ALWAYS: Look how this lone vehicle negotated not striking a pedestrian or building or confusing a tree with a fork in the road. Unless you're counting carriers in series and their assisted maintenance of proximity, which is, ya know, A TRAIN. Independently self-guiding drone swarms and traffic systems are parallel problems and, imo, the task will be achieved in military applications in the sky with plenty of room to manuever before reliable systems prioritizing non-collision will reliably work on the ground.
  • If not autonomous drones the size of fighter jets. Every nation state in the world with a big enough budget surely has been working on just this concept for at least the last 10 years.

  • ...Unless the F-35 had its own wing of drones. The future of warfare is cybernetic, not full autonomy. Even the drone attacking the jet has a human in the control loop. Why not have the best of both worlds?
  • One of the biggest limitations in fighter design is the ability of the pilot to handle the forces associated with high speed manoeuvring, a drone would not have that limitation and also wouldn't require all the equipment required to support a pilot so could also be lighter, assuming the same level of technology to produce the rest of the airframe and the engines etc a drone should be able to outperform a manned aircraft.

    However there are potential problems to consider...

    Latency of the control connection - i

  • by petes_PoV ( 912422 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @08:35AM (#59786912)
    The F-35A is supposed to have a service life until 2070. [flightglobal.com]
    (Or maybe that is how long it will take for customers to complete the repayments?)

    So it is a reasonable bet that within the next 50 years there will be sufficient development of UAVs and target detection to utterly and completely kick the F-35's arse.Probably well within 20 years - maybe even less than 10.
    It is also more than reasonable to assume that those drones will be cheap to the point of expendable and that their numbers will mean that even a 50% attrition rate against an F-35 would be acceptable losses.

  • Remember that If you disagree with Elon you're a "paedo guy"
  • Here's my hot take: dogfighting hasn't been very relevant during the entire jet aircraft era. I would bet 95%+ of the incidents in which on plane ever shot down another with guns were in WWII, and most of the rest were in WWI. Those numbers wouldn't change much if you included missiles, although that clouds things since missiles are autonomous drones. But if you take something like the F14 program, one of the greatest air-to-air fighters ever, the number of air-to-air kills we ever scored with it, TOTAL,
  • Musk is obvious planning to take over the world. Every time he makes a company it's as an excuse for his wider ambitions to be cash positive instead of negative. Electric cars (and the cyber truck) for Mars rovers and vehicles, solar for cheaper solar, batteries for cheaper batteries, etc. Now he wants to turn his pet killer drone project into something he's paid for as well.
  • by Koreantoast ( 527520 ) on Monday March 02, 2020 @09:34AM (#59787164)
    Elon Musk isn't really saying anything earth shattering. A quick tour of the world's air forces show you that they are already moving in that direction including the United States [military.com], China [popularmechanics.com], Russia [thedrive.com], the EU [popularmechanics.com], the UK [janes.com], and Australia [thedrive.com].
  • A drone's mission would be one of a missile. A fighter's mission would be one where you need someone who can make decisions about unknowns. Drones cannot do that because really, there is no AI. Just because programs have gotten better, it doesn't mean that they are rational.
  • F-35's cost six to seven times what a Reaper does, and their cost per flight-hour is TEN TIMES that of a Reaper.

    I'm not aware of a US drone outfitted with interceptor role missiles like Sidewinders or AMRAAM. Such a thing could be done though.

    Could a hotshot pilot in a latest-generation superiority fighter defeat even half his plane's cost in dedicated interceptor drones?

    How many replacements for the dead pilot are available?

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