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Science

Can Dark Matter Be Explained By a Link to a Fifth Dimension? (popularmechanics.com) 107

The standard model of physics can't accommodate some observed phenomena, notes Popular Mechanics. Yet "In a new study, scientists say they can explain dark matter by positing a particle that links to a fifth dimension." While the "warped extra dimension" (WED) is a trademark of a popular physics model first introduced in 1999, this research, published in The European Physical Journal C, is the first to cohesively use the theory to explain the long-lasting dark matter problem within particle physics...

The scientists studied fermion masses, which they believe could be communicated into the fifth dimension through portals, creating dark matter relics and "fermionic dark matter" within the fifth dimension.

Could dimension-traveling fermions explain at least some of the dark matter scientists have so far not been able to observe? "We know that there is no viable [dark matter] candidate in the [standard model of physics]," the scientists say, "so already this fact asks for the presence of new physics...." This pocket "dark sector" is one possible way to explain the huge amount of dark matter that, so far, has eluded detection using any traditional measurements designed for the standard model of physics. Fermions jammed through a portal to a warped fifth dimension could be "acting as" dark matter...

All it would take to identify fermionic dark matter in a warped fifth dimension would be the right kind of gravitational wave detector, something growing in prevalence around the world. Indeed, the answer to the dark matter conundrum could be just around the corner.

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Can Dark Matter Be Explained By a Link to a Fifth Dimension?

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday February 14, 2021 @03:56AM (#61061826)
    I always consider when a theory requires you to create extra dimensions to explain the math then perhaps it is time to question the theory rather than invent things that can't be tested for as existing.
    • i agree, it sounds like bullocks, or they are trying to revive an old band from the 1960's https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
      • they

        Who's they? Do "they" all work on exactly the same thing? Does one hypothesis from "them" means all off "them" are suddenly adherents of the new hypothesis?

        • Yoi know exactly who he means. You know this is not one of those "they" cases. So quit being a dick.

          • It's fucking obvious they're both talking about dark matter research in general. This isn't the first time that some smarty-pants on Slashdot have tried to claimed that dark matter is just a mathematical mistake. This is definitely one of those "they" cases.

            So quit being a cunt.
            • If it doesn't result in a testable hypothesis then the result is something which might be an interesting topic of research, or as is often the case, drivel which serves no purpose beyond chasing accolades or grant money.
        • by fazig ( 2909523 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @07:30AM (#61062200)
          From the summary you can find a link to an article, and from there you can find the study named "A warped scalar portal to fermionic dark matter" - Link.

          Now if you follow the link and read one line past the headline you'll see the names Adrian Carmona, Javier Castellano Ruiz, and Matthias Neubert.
          These three distinct people are the "they" in this particular case.


          But I guess Slashdot wouldn't be Slashdot if people suddenly started reading the summary before heading to the comment section. Or even try to take a look at the summary when a question about the context comes up. In some cases at least, it might help.
          • by fazig ( 2909523 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @07:40AM (#61062220)
            For some reason /. ate the hyperlink-tags for the link to the paper. So here it is again in plain text https://link.springer.com/arti... [springer.com]
          • It's fucking obvious the guy I was replying too WASN'T referring to those authors but the whole study of dark matter in general. I was merely pointing out to him, and apparently to idiots like you who can't get the point, that there isn't just one "view" of what dark matter is and that there is no single entity "they" that discredits everything as he is implying.
            • by fazig ( 2909523 )
              I do not have the information to assume that user FudRucker uses "they" in some kind of nebulous form to discredit the entire field of theoretical physics that works on dark matter. So no, it's not "fucking obvious". I haven't looked in the comment history, maybe you have, and therefore know better. But from that comment I can't make that inference in good faith.

              Also: Don't attribute to malice what is adequately explained by stupidity.
              • I'm not saying they're malicious. I'm saying they're stupid. Like all Slashdot nerds, they think they're smarter than the people doing the actual research who actually knows the evidence for dark matter out there that's not just mathematical aberrations.

                The comment he was replying to gives the context away that they're both talking about the whole field.
              • by jbengt ( 874751 )
                FudRucker was making a "5th Dimension" joke, so it is obvious FudRucker was referring to the they of the paper.
      • by Salgak1 ( 20136 )

        This theory only works when the Moon is in the Seventh House, and Jupiter aligns with Mars. . . .

        (And you realize how old you are, when you remember when that song was a Top-40 hit . .. )

    • by r2kordmaa ( 1163933 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @05:18AM (#61061984)
      You are totally missing the point. Everybody knows the theory is wrong or at least incomplete, because it doesn't account for the dark matter problem. The questions is how is it wrong and how to fix it? You got to come up with hypothesizes that might be able to do it and find ways to test them, that's what physicists are doing. Some of these hypothesizes might require intangible magic pixie dust, or hammerspaces, whatever that is not a problem as long as they are testable because we are really short of testable hypothesizes that haven't already been tested and discarded.
      • No, you are missing the point.

        The point is that there is nothing to fix. You started off in the wrong direction is what he suggests. Now he may be wrong with that. (Most likey he isn't. TFS sounds like Hollywood pseudoscience and can't even get the definition of "dimension" right.)
        But, that implied, the solution would not be to course-correct, but to start over in a better direction. Important difference.

        • Different ways to measure masses of galaxies give different and incompatible results, yeah there is something to fix alright. People have already tried, tested and discarded everything they could, all that is left on table is bunch of untestable hypothesizes. You are not proposing anything new here.
    • by DThorne ( 21879 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @07:33AM (#61062206)
      It's part of the scientific process. If the current model doesn't answer all the data(such as has always been the case), you start to hypothesize systems that might fill in the missing pieces. It's throwing ideas against the wall and seeing what sticks. Despite what all the incredible arrogance of the armchair physicists have to say here, it's more than likely a problem with how it's being reported("Physicists have discovered a portal to the fifth dimension!") rather than degreed scientists being oh so much more stupid than the collective cynical genius of slashdot. Of course it's possible the relevant people are indeed fishing for public exposure and grants, I don't know, but keep in mind pretty much all of the major breakthroughs in scientific history started with a what-if that the general scientific community found nonsensical. Earth not the centre of the universe, Kepler physics, Newtonian physics, how disease is transmitted, evolution, relativity, quantum mechanics...
      • by BeerCat ( 685972 )

        The "earth centred solar system" required ever more convoluted ways to account for observations (epicycles and so on). And yet, by changing the frame of reference, everything became a lot more straightforward.

        Then, there was an obvious candidate for changing the frame of reference - the sun. For making the mathematical models account for dark matter there doesn't seem to be an obvious candidate for changing the frame of reference, which means that it is possible that there is "something else" there. Or mayb

      • It's part of the scientific process. If the current model doesn't answer all the data(such as has always been the case), you start to hypothesize systems that might fill in the missing pieces. It's throwing ideas against the wall and seeing what sticks.

        Also known as what every human does when they don't know, regardless of intelligence.

        Despite what all the incredible arrogance of the armchair physicists have to say here, it's more than likely a problem with how it's being reported("Physicists have discovered a portal to the fifth dimension!") rather than degreed scientists being oh so much more stupid than the collective cynical genius of slashdot.

        You making assumptions about the collective intelligence of Slashdot, is no more accurate than assuming about the accuracy of unproven scientific sticky shit thrown against a wall. You may, be talking to the same people.

        Of course it's possible the relevant people are indeed fishing for public exposure and grants, I don't know, but keep in mind pretty much all of the major breakthroughs in scientific history started with a what-if that the general scientific community found nonsensical. Earth not the centre of the universe, Kepler physics, Newtonian physics, how disease is transmitted, evolution, relativity, quantum mechanics...

        Thank you for at least recognizing that science isn't above Greed, or Clickbait. Perhaps you are smarter than you assume most are.

      • Well said.

        An additional point to consider - whether the Universe owes us a way to test its structure in every respect. I'm saying it doesn't.

        I fully understand Popper's emphasis on falsifiability - if a "theory" cannot be tested then this opens the door to unending fantasies which offer nothing to advance human knowledge being just that, fantasies. And testing theories against evidence has gotten us very far. But suppose that string theory, or multidimensional brane theory actually did accurately describe h

    • chaotica has been fighting off invaders from the fifth dimension using his death ray and he is certain that dark matter is involved somehow
    • by JoshuaZ ( 1134087 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @08:42AM (#61062318) Homepage
      Let's replace your statement with some other things. "I always consider when a theory requires you to create [bracket] to explain the math then perhaps it is time to question the theory rather than invent things that can't be tested for as existing." What have people said this sort of sentence for with other things in the brackets? Well, we've had at least one planet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_Neptune#Irregularities_in_Uranus'_orbit [wikipedia.org] (and there was some question at the time if it would be observable or too far away to be seen by telescopes). But one really neat example is the neutrino which was proposed to cover a whole host of problems in physics in the 1930s https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino#Pauli's_proposal [wikipedia.org] and which was loudly criticized for probably being never detectable (it was of course detected about 25 years later). Heck even atoms are regarded by many as potentially unphysical ideas useful for calculation until the late 1800s, and the indirect nature of the detection was considered a serious issue.

      All of that said, there have also been many proposals for things that turned out not to exist. But the proposal of something is *currently undetectable* is not by itself a reason to throw out the theory it is coming from when that theory has otherwise good evidence.

      • by igny ( 716218 )
        While your example is certainly valid, and theories and their extensions can in fact be tested and validated by making predictions and observing physical evidence.

        However it is also quite possible for "scientists" to "explain" one thing that they can't understand with other things they can barely understand.

        You gave an example of discovery of Uranus. I can give you an example of trying to explain consciousness or intellect with quantum mechanics.
        • You gave an example of discovery of Uranus. I can give you an example of trying to explain consciousness or intellect with quantum mechanics.

          And that would be in most forms an example of bad science because it isn't precise enough to make any sort of testable claim. That said, some specific versions of the idea behind such a connection, such as some versions of Orch OR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestrated_objective_reduction [wikipedia.org] do seem to make testable predictions in some forms. But the upshot here should be clear: testability by *current technology* cannot be the only criterion used.

      • Just to throw in another example of "currently undetectable": in the early 1800s, the philosopher Auguste Comte proclaimed that we could never know what substances distant stars or even planets were made of, because they were far too distant for us to ever travel to them.

        Then scientists discovered spectroscopy (in particular, the dark lines in spectrograms, and what they meant).

    • I always consider when a theory requires you to create extra dimensions to explain the math then perhaps it is time to question the theory

      Clearly, you have not understood the model at all. The extra dimension is not invoked to explain any maths but to explain observed facts like the low mass of the Higgs compared to the scale of gravity which is a real problem with the Standard Model.

      There are two broad classes of solution to the problem. You can add a symmetry which causes the problem to cancel out and ties the Higgs mass to the scale where the symmetry turns on - this is the approach of Supersymmetry models which also explain Dark Matte

    • Also, when someone makes obviously false claims to support their theory, it's time to question the theory.

      "We know that there is no viable [dark matter] candidate in the [standard model of physics]," the scientists say, "so already this fact asks for the presence of new physics...."

      No viable candidate? Seriously? In other news, primordial black holes [slashdot.org] could explain all the dark matter in the universe. That's a speculative idea, but it's definitely a viable candidate, and it doesn't require any new physics.

    • The article said specifically that the theory can be tested, or will be able to be tested very shortly. And the theory was invented to explain facts, not "to explain math," whatever that means. If the theory is wrong - which it might be - then you need some other theory. The facts are still there.

    • I always consider when a theory requires you to create extra dimensions to explain the math then perhaps it is time to question the theory rather than invent things that can't be tested for as existing.

      One dimensional - hard to express in perceived reality, but yes.
      Two, three , four - Sure we can see those, math agrees.
      Fifth? - Nope

      What if your math couldn't even remotely translate the fifth? What if the fifth tricked your math into thinking it knew what the fifth was all about?

      What if your math was completely broken in the fifth?

      • What if you didn't have the slightest clue you were talking about?

        • What if you didn't have the slightest clue you were talking about?

          /sigh

          Individual particles will still create an interference pattern in the double slit experiment. Superposition?

          Or the influent of dark matter in the 5th dimension?

    • by dasunt ( 249686 )

      I always consider when a theory requires you to create extra dimensions to explain the math then perhaps it is time to question the theory rather than invent things that can't be tested for as existing.

      Why? Relativity can be explained via a fourth dimension (gravity warping 3D space), and it seems pretty solid. I'm not saying it has absolutely no flaws whatsoever and is perfect, but it is obviously less wrong than Newtonian physics and seems to explain everything we see on a smaller scale.

      Note I say th

  • Dunno (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Artem S. Tashkinov ( 764309 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @04:59AM (#61061946) Homepage
    I'm not a physicist but this explanation sounds to me a lot like like "dark matter could be explained by a link to unicorns".
    • There's no gravity, it's Her [wikipedia.org] moving particles with Her horn, and Her color is r:FF,g:C0,b:CB,a:00 !

    • Re:Dunno (Score:5, Interesting)

      by r2kordmaa ( 1163933 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @06:50AM (#61062122)
      If you think about it then all layman-friendly physics explanations are like that all the way back to Newtonian gravity. What do you mean force applied from distance without contact - preposterous!
      The yappity-yap isn't really the meat of any physics theory or hypothesis, the mathematical model behind it is. But it's kind of hard to think about things in terms of abstract mathematics, so you need some more intuitive way to think about things, so you think up thought experiments and analogues in hopes to convey some sort of meaning to the mathematics. Sometimes it doesn't work so well, because there just is nothing analogous in everyday experience to what you are trying to explain, for example like with quantum physics.
      Just accept that physics news you get in media will always be simplified and dumbed down to the point of skipping lots of important details, that's the only way to present them in news. If you are capable of wrapping your head around the math just read the the actual paper the news is about https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s... [doi.org] frankly my math and physics understanding isn't really up to snuff to do that.
    • Fermions jammed through a portal to a warped fifth dimension

      That sounded a little like what it is to travel in Coach.

    • by Roger W Moore ( 538166 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @11:24AM (#61062674) Journal

      I'm not a physicist but this explanation sounds to me a lot like like "dark matter could be explained by a link to unicorns".

      Just 10 years ago people said the same thing about the Higgs-field: an invisible, scalar field that fills the entire universe and gives fundamental particles mass. Of course, that derision stopped when we found the Higgs boson and showed it exists. The universe is a wonderful place and sometimes, just sometimes, we do find our unicorns.

    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      Sounds like a bunch of "Age of Aquarius" [youtube.com] stuff to me.

    • I'm not a physicist but this explanation sounds to me a lot like like "dark matter could be explained by a link to unicorns".

      Dark Matter itself is an explanation that may as well be unicorns. There is a decent explanation for spiral galaxy rotation curves [youtube.com] that does not need Dark Matter, or unicorns or whatever.

      • Sure, if you don't distribute your research via youtube then what kind of scientist are you? Wikipedia lists 11 classes [wikipedia.org] of evidence for dark matter. Good luck to you and Alex in your quest to address all of them and set the world straight in regards to this ahem weighty matter.

        • Dark Matter was conceived to explain galaxy rotation curves. Clearly Dark Matter is not necessary to explain galaxy rotation curves. If there was one mistake, maybe there were more, maybe not. Maybe Dark Matter truly exists, maybe not. All we know is that it is not necessary for one of the major reasons for its existence. It isn't nothing. btw, nice strawman.
          • You aren't clear on the concept of strawman either. For the layman (me, and you too, let's not pretend) the scientific concensus is clear: the existence of dark matter is widely accepted. There is abundant evidence for it. There is an absence of contraindicating evidence.

            • In order to attack it, you misrepresented my position as an attempt to explain more than galaxy rotation curves. Thus, your argument is straw man fallacy. Science is paradigmatic. There are many examples of scientific consensus being completely mistaken for years or decades. There is no evidence whatsoever of Dark Matter. What there is instead is an absence of understanding what is not yet explained. Dark Matter is the hole into which what can not be explained is tossed into. It is very possible that everyt
  • This seems consistent with string theory, where most of the (12?) dimensions are curled up, and we only see 3+t. What happens if some string uncurls?
    • Re: Cat's Cradle? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by BAReFO0t ( 6240524 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @06:30AM (#61062098)

      Strimg "theory" still has to pass the qualification of being science though. With it making only two kinds of prediction: Untestable ones, and wrong ones. :)

      So I'd say this is in good company. ^^

      • Strimg "theory" still has to pass the qualification of being science though.

        String theory is science and its predictions are in principle testable. The problem is that those of us on the experimental side lack the technology to test them but that's not the string theorists' fault. Experimental testing is often much, much harder than coming up with the theory in the first place. Einstein's prediction of gravitational waves took over a century before we had the technology to verify it but I've yet to meet anyone who thinks it was not science because of that.

    • by gtall ( 79522 )

      I believe that is 10 dimensions (9 space, 1 time). M-theory is 11 dimensions. And curled up means those dimensions are very, very small. A string in that sense cannot uncurl.

      String theory also requires supersymmetry to cut the dimensions from 27 down to 10. After the Higgs particle was found by the scientists at the LHC, there were some hopes the supersymmetic particles would soon follow...think the standard model with super symmetric buddies for the standard model's particles. So far the verdict is: damn,

  • grandmother is a Dalmatian, if I use the 5th dimension.
  • TFS seems to use "dimension" not like any physicist would, but like a Hollywood writer, where it means a different universe that is "connected" to ours is some way, like being "parallel", whatever that means, or "out of phase", lol, or in this case "connected via worm holes".
    But it also says "fifth dimension". Does that imply that time and the three dimensions of space are also different universes, "connected via worm holes"? *implied facepalm death stare*

    I can't take this nonsense seriously, I'm sorry.

    • No. This is what happens when the moon is in the Seventh House, and Jupiter aligns with Mars. Then peace will guide the planets and love will steer the stars.

      • No. This is what happens when the moon is in the Seventh House, and Jupiter aligns with Mars. Then peace will guide the planets and love will steer the stars.

        Sounds like a recipe for degenerate stellar material.

    • +1 came to say just this. I'll have to remember your analogy about our time and three dimensions next time this comes up in a conversation.

  • First fix gravity (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Gabest ( 852807 )

    It does not work on the quantum scale and yet we expect our formulas to be valid on galaxies and the whole universe.

    • Re: (Score:2, Troll)

      > It does not work on the quantum scale and yet we expect our formulas to be valid on galaxies and the whole universe.

      Dark matter is a substance into which funding flows.

      It's a "professional science" scam like String Theory. Instead of doing useful (testable) things, people make whole careers out of pushing symbols around on paper.

      I mean, it's neat that String Theory has discovered multiple possible universes that definitely aren't ours but those same people probably could have been winning Nobel Prizes

      • It's a "professional science" scam like String Theory. Instead of doing useful (testable) things, people make whole careers out of pushing symbols around on paper.

        The people that "push symbols around on paper" are called theorists and include people like Einstein, Dirac, Schrodinger, Higgs, etc. All of them came up with theoretical predictions and they became famous only when someone had figured out a way to test their prediction and the test showed they were right.

        String Theory is, in principle, testable. The problem is that nobody has yet figured out how to test it. That's why we need the theorists to "push their symbols around" more to develop a clearer pictur

  • by Anonymous Coward

    Maybe, why not? Fuckit why not just call it dark magic?

  • I always considerd dark matter my black hole substance.
  • When new physics is published scientists all over the world look to Popular Mechanics for the definitive articles. Just like Slashdot has the best online forums on the entire internet. Really.
  • String theory always struck me as being something that looked valid if you were standing in a three-dimensional universe, but which was only really a snapshot of a portion of a real thing. Like, if you looked at a complex convolution of a flat plane in one less dimension, you'd have a string. Can you make string theory make sense by adding extra dimensions, too?

  • But alas, we need a Multipass for that.

  • by BobC ( 101861 ) on Sunday February 14, 2021 @12:21PM (#61062844)

    MOND (MOdified Newtonian Dynamics) basically applies curve-fitting to map the action of gravity to the observed data, but provides no mechanism for why that fitting should or should not exist. At best, it serves as a useful stick with which to beat the other dark matter candidates. Useful, but not satisfying as an actual dark matter candidate itself.

    This approach must be considered as a valid contender, as it proposes both a mechanism for the observed behavior, and a a means of testing the theory.

    But now I have the entire catalog of the late-1960s / early-1970s group "The 5th Dimension" running through my mind. It's aged surprisingly well!

  • What's so special about this new particle?

    Anything in N-th dimension is by definition also in the N+1-th dimension that encloses it. So does this new particle behave any differently than the rest so the only projection we see here only manifests itself as dark matter?

  • I always consider when a theory requires you to create extra invisible matter that is 66 percent of the universe to explain the how the math is wrong in all the observations then perhaps it is time to question the theory rather than invent things that can't be tested for as existing
  • The principle that, of all the explanations that account for all the facts, the simpler one is more likely to be correct.

    What's the simplest explanation?
    • - We have links to higher dimensions, explaining how gravity may behave differently over long distances
    • - We have yet undiscovered massive particles in the standard model with bizarre and strange properties, but yet have no apparent effect in our neck of the woods
    • - Our understanding of gravity, itself, is fundamentally wrong, and needs modifications

    Or,

  • In math, it's possible to have any number of dimensions you want. You can have 1, 2, 3, 4, or any number.

    In the physical universe, dimensions are only a concept useful for describing what we see. There is no such thing as "one dimension" or "two dimensions" in the universe. There are no actual planes or points. These are merely concepts used to help us measure the world.

    Consider the concept of a single dimension. This is represented in math by a line. In the universe, lines don't exist. Some things approxim

  • I'm having a real hard time explaining dark matter with this.

    The Fifth Dimension [wikipedia.org]

    Maybe if I don't click it?

It is contrary to reasoning to say that there is a vacuum or space in which there is absolutely nothing. -- Descartes

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