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Amazon's Cost Saving Routing Algorithm Makes Drivers Walk Into Traffic (vice.com) 93

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Motherboard: [T]he routing algorithm designed for its Flex app by Amazon's research scientists often makes [Amazon delivery drivers cross two- or three-lane highways], according to a source with direct knowledge of Amazon's routing algorithm. In North America and Europe, roughly 85,000 contracted delivery drivers rely on this algorithm to do their jobs. While crossing the street in a quiet suburban neighborhood is probably safe, doing so on a 50 mph highway can be deadly. Motherboard spoke to Amazon delivery drivers who work in Florida, Illinois, Michigan, South Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana, and California who described sprinting across the street -- or the highway -- to follow the Flex app's directions.

This app determines delivery routes for both Amazon's contracted delivery drivers, who drive Amazon-branded vans, and members of its independent contractor workforce, known as Amazon Flex drivers, who drive their own cars. When a driver has to make deliveries to several addresses that are clustered together, the Flex app combines them into a single stop, rather than make a stop at each address. Drivers call these "group stops," while Amazon research scientists and engineers tasked with optimizing routes that incorporate hundreds of stops per shift refer to this routing mechanism as "stop consolidation." These stops often include addresses on both sides of a street -- or highway. Rather than directing drivers to make a U-turn and deliver packages on one side of the street and then the other, the app instructs drivers to cross the street on foot. Depending on the size and number of packages, the driver might have to walk across the street multiple times, or run in order to meet Amazon's delivery quotas.

Amazon's contracted delivery drivers must use the app and follow its directions to make deliveries, meanwhile Amazon's gig workers -- who are independent contractors -- can manually change Amazon's routing order, but must use the app to make their deliveries. At Amazon, which pays delivery companies a fixed rate per delivery route each day regardless of how long it takes, the goal is to squeeze in as many deliveries as possible on a route, the source with internal knowledge of how Amazon creates its delivery routes said. "The main goal [at Amazon] is to make them deliver the most packages as possible in [a shift] because then we have to hire fewer drivers," the source familiar with Amazon's routing algorithm said. Hiring fewer drivers means the employer can pay less into worker's compensation, disability, and other employment benefits.
Alexandra Miller, a spokesperson for Amazon Logistics, denied that Amazon delivery drivers frequently jaywalk across busy intersections and run across high-speed rural highways, and said that if the company identifies data quality issues or defects in its maps, it fixes them promptly.

"Our routing system is designed to make the delivery experience as easy as possible for drivers and prioritizes same side of the street deliveries, unless the road is safe to cross," Miller said.
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Amazon's Cost Saving Routing Algorithm Makes Drivers Walk Into Traffic

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  • U turns (Score:5, Insightful)

    by NagrothAgain ( 4130865 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @06:24PM (#61452266)
    If it's not safe to cross on foot then it's not safe to make a U turn in most cases. But the root of the issue seems to be that there's no way for the drivers to flag a bad route for review and recalculation.
    • Re:U turns (Score:5, Insightful)

      by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @06:49PM (#61452298)
      The root of the problem is their schedules are so tight and their drivers so overworked they're willing to risk their lives.
      • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        The root problem is culture! The technical problem is hard to solve. You don't have the data or the data is incorrect you can't get good results.

        Its probably even true the maintainers of the system really do react to reports and correct defects either in the data about road and barrier conditions or in the routing algorithm - but that same system pumps out all kinds of metrics on drivers viewed by other managers and more than likely not viewed after some period where adjustments to how long things should h

      • Also multiple deliveries to the same general location spread out through the day. The post office delivers to my condo complex once a day. Amazon vans are there several times a day. So much more efficient to just deliver once a day. But then it makes the customers cry because they have to wait a little longer.

        I swear it's true, but it wasn't Amazon, someone was delivering a single small box of tissue paper at the complex yesterday looking for the right house number while the car with the driver was left

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      The idea of users being able to flag dangerous instructions is an important one. It's good to be data-driven, but it's possible to be mindlessly data-driven, to believe the map even when direct experience says it's incomplete. A mindlessly data-driven organization using software that doesn't reify user experiences of danger will predictably treat those dangers as insignificant because they're not in the data model.

    • by Cederic ( 9623 )

      Hmm. It's very dangerous (and illegal) to cross a motorway in the UK but you can turn and travel in the other direction with ease.

      It just takes time and potentially distance. No, it's not a simple U-turn but it's also viable without breaking the law or incurring more than trivial risk.

      On a wide multi-lane road that includes specific spots for U-turns it's even quicker and easier. Even on a normal road, the simple act of slowing your vehicle to turn holds up the traffic behind you, meaning you already have t

      • In the US you can get ticketed for crossing a divided expressway without using a crosswalk. The fines vary by state but I was given a $340 ticket for doing it in California. (trying to take a shortcut on my lunch break)

        • by Cederic ( 9623 )

          I decided long ago to mostly ignore pedestrian restrictions in the US as they generally just don't make sense.

          I've yet to have any issues resulting from applying my general 'nah, it looks safe enough' British approach to road crossing.

          I don't try the Cambodian approach of 'step out confidently and trust that the traffic will miraculously split either side of you as you cross', although that's fun too. The trick in Cambodia is to never show hesitation - that confuses the other road users and causes them prob

  • Headline Erroneous (Score:3, Insightful)

    by eepok ( 545733 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @06:43PM (#61452290) Homepage

    First, the app doesn't MAKE them walk into traffic. It has them stop in a particular location and suggest they make multiple deliveries on foot from that location. Sometimes the app assumes they will illegally cross the road, but they're not required to break the law. Moreover, from the article AND THE SUMMARY:

    Alexandra Miller, a spokesperson for Amazon Logistics, denied that Amazon delivery drivers frequently jaywalk across busy intersections and run across high-speed rural highways, and said that if the company identifies data quality issues or defects in its maps, it fixes them promptly.

    So, the app makes errors. Users then have to report the errors so that Amazon knows to correct the error.

    What is abnormal about that? What's newsworthy?

    • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @06:52PM (#61452312)
      because if they don't they won't stay on schedule, and they'll be fired. So their choices are risk their (and other drivers) lives to save Amazon a buck or quit. And for many of them quitting isn't an option, as it means homelessness and starvation.
      • by starblazer ( 49187 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @08:08PM (#61452488) Homepage
        these drivers still don't know the #1 word to stop all this time harassment.

        SAFETY.

        "Why didn't you stop here and deliver all these stops from this point?"
        'It was unsafe.'

        If they push back, YOU push back with getting it in writing. Hint: They won't get it on paper to do something unsafe.

        • by Calydor ( 739835 ) on Friday June 04, 2021 @12:12AM (#61452964)

          And then you will be let go for 'not meeting quota', 'insubordination', and 'appearing to be using drugs while at work'. You won't be let go for refusing to do unsafe things.

          • by guruevi ( 827432 )

            And then you get sued and have to defend your company in front of an administrative judge. Good luck!

            • by Calydor ( 739835 )

              You mean it gets taken to arbitration handled by a company that wants to keep getting the Amazon paycheck?

              • by guruevi ( 827432 )

                No, most equal opportunity and similar commissions aren't actually real courts. If you sue your employer for whatever reason you feel discriminated against, you go to an administrative judge, they generally decide in favor of the employee unless there is sufficient written evidence the claim is invalid.

        • by eepok ( 545733 )

          Exactly. Enough people pushing back with SAFETY notices being ignored or shot down results in a HUGE class action.

          Amazon won't change because of a VICE article. It will change via massive financial litigation and liabilities.

      • Between the pissing in bottles and wandering into traffic there's really not much difference between Amazon drivers and homeless people.
      • by eepok ( 545733 )

        They get email reminders about staying on schedule. They're not fired on the spot. Moreover, if they were fired for NOT breaking the law (jaywalking), the class action lawsuit would be MASSIVE and Amazon knows about financial liabilities.

    • by Mitreya ( 579078 )

      Alexandra Miller, a spokesperson for Amazon Logistics, denied that Amazon delivery drivers frequently jaywalk across busy intersections and run across high-speed rural highways, and said that if the company identifies data quality issues or defects in its maps, it fixes them promptly.

      So, the app makes errors. Users then have to report the errors so that Amazon knows to correct the error.

      Heh. She is a spokesperson, so you have to make a baseline adjustment.
      If she said "We are looking into this claim", I would assume they might try to improve the recommendations.
      But if she says "This never happened. But even if it did, we fix it immediately", I know that's not based on any actual facts.
      If the drivers did jaywalk frequently, how would they even know or identify the associated "data quality issue"?

  • by quonset ( 4839537 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @06:46PM (#61452294)

    Considering Amazon says their warehouse workers are like industrial athletes [bbc.co.uk] and need to train themselves for the rigors of their daily activity, these drivers just need to keep practicing their Frogger [youtube.com] until they get high score.

    • by Cederic ( 9623 )

      While they're practicing their real-life Frogger skills, based on my recollections of important features in the game I feel the need to query: Could you suggest how they earn extra lives?

    • by ebvwfbw ( 864834 )

      Out of mod points - THIS! Looking for a frogger reference!

  • No crosswalk? Do not cross.
    • by dohzer ( 867770 )

      What about if I'm walking down my street in a country area, and there's no crosswalk or traffic lights on my 'block'? I guess I'm just trapped since I can't walk across the road without a pedestrian crossing! Woe is me.

      • most state make the exception that if no crosswalk is visible you may cross when it is safe. though for a busy highway you may be waiting hours for a break in the traffic.

      • I guess my prospective is limited to a city (as a city-man) where we have plenty of crosswalks.
  • by Registered Coward v2 ( 447531 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @07:29PM (#61452390)
    I rode with an Amazon guy on a delivery route. However programmed that app should be forced to use it exclusively for every trip they take. It would get fixed then.
  • [T]he routing algorithm designed for its Flex app by Amazon's research scientists often makes [Amazon delivery drivers cross two- or three-lane highways], according to a source with direct knowledge of Amazon's routing algorithm.

    A lot of them are STROADS [youtu.be] which are poorly designed roads dangerous not just for delivery persons.

  • by joe_frisch ( 1366229 ) on Thursday June 03, 2021 @08:04PM (#61452472)
    The concern is not that AI will "take over the world" as part of some fiendish plan to eliminate humans. The danger is that complex optimization algorithms will find solutions that a reasonable human would reject, but because they are "better" solutions, people will follow them anyway. Its an extension of every time someone on the phone says "the computer won't let me..." We have chosen to give power to things that are far stupider than we are
    • The concern is not that AI will "take over the world" as part of some fiendish plan to eliminate humans. The danger is that complex optimization algorithms will find solutions that a reasonable human would reject, but because they are "better" solutions, people will follow them anyway.

      Its an extension of every time someone on the phone says "the computer won't let me..."

      We have chosen to give power to things that are far stupider than we are

      Every AI application should have a "wrong solution" button that a human can press to signal a nonsensical result.

      A manager may still force you to follow the instructions in that particular instance, but at least if many solutions accumulate the button press, an engineer will be forced to find the common pattern and fix it, without it having to make headlines first.

      • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        Maybe... You need to be really really careful with that sort of feedback because humans are intelligent too - they will game the system.

        Its not AI - but as an example I when I was working as an independent contractor I had a few good clients I wanted to keep. As rule you don't generally want to tell your good clients you are not interested in a gig because you run the risk they will assume you are not interested in other future work, and might not shop you for it, or not first.

        So if they come to you with a

  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday June 03, 2021 @10:40PM (#61452812)
    If a company becomes large enough in the US it will inevitably hurt it's employees, up to and including killing them. Any company that is big enough to have traded stock falls into this category.

    In this case the risk is clearly traffic accidents, whether the driver is in the car or not. In general, independent contractors, who would more accurately be described "free lance indentured servants", are at higher risk, have fewer protections and no company benefits compared to employees.

    It's a perfect setup for corporations. All the cost and the risk are at the bottom, all the profit flows to the top, and there is no corporate responsibility. And corporate entities and executives pay a pittance in taxes. For US oligarchs it's better then slavery; they don't have to provide housing, food or any care to their disposable work force and they end up will all the money.

  • The other day, I saw an Amazon driver in a left-turn lane at a red jump out and cross three lanes (the cross-street had a green), make a delivery, and get back to their truck after the left-turn arrow had been green for only a few seconds. OK, I don't think they made the green, which I'm sure was happy for everyone behind them.

    I admired the driver's chutzpah, though now I have to wonder if it was the routing algorithm!

  • by others. Not sure I've ever seen a UPS driver cross the street, I'm seeing AMZN drivers do it regularly. And too often from in front of their vehicles. At least now a significant portion of their vehicles are identified and have a livery - a lot of last year it was a no-name van with a hastily made sign taped to the inside of the windshield. A company this big and flush should not be playing this much catch-up.

    • by Ed Tice ( 3732157 ) on Friday June 04, 2021 @09:48AM (#61453948)
      UPS has had AI for this that goes back decades. And UPS has solved most of these issues. Their routing is very smart and efficient. It avoids things like difficult left turns that can be time consuming. I don't know what UPS did differently than Amazon. Maybe they had similar problems at first and we just didn't hear about it.

      UPS also uses trucks that are optimized for delivering packages rather than Sprinter vans. Not that there is anything wrong with a Sprinter van, but the UPS trucks are setup such that the driver gets out on the *right* hand side (in the US) so there is less risk of getting hit by traffic.

      Not only does the right-hand exit *directly* improve safety but if an AI were monitoring how long things take, getting a package, exiting the vehicle on the right, and the crossing the street will take longer than if the vehicle is parked on the correct side of the street. Therefore this would "push" the AI toward algorithms where the truck always parks on the correct side of the street.

      UPS drivers are UPS employees not contractors. UPS had experience delivering packages when they started building the AI. And they may have made this a constraint from the beginning.

      • by guruevi ( 827432 )

        UPS drivers also have to cross the road. This article is just "because Amazon". They don't have to cross a 3-lane in both directions "highway", they have to cross a street where the speed limit is 55 - which is every rural road in America. Sure it's dangerous, then just cross the street with your van and get into the driveway.

  • by PPH ( 736903 ) on Friday June 04, 2021 @09:33AM (#61453900)

    ... get this app installed on all iPhones? I can't thimk of a more deserving class of users that need to walk into traffic.

  • This is how Dave learned to survive pod bay door problems.

  • In order to avoid firing employees and being sued, this is how Amazon eliminates employees who don't have basic horse sense.

  • Amazon, the company that doesn't want to provide healthcare, that didn't want to protect its workers in the warehouses from C-19, that admitted their drivers are peeing in bottles because they're so overworked.

    Right? But Jeff Bezos is rich, so who cares about the people that make the company run?

    I'd love to see the screaming and yelling from the posters critical of the employees if their Amazon Prime packages stopped appearing, if they employees went on strike.

  • Another poor business decision by Amazon. If this continues most Amazon workers will join a union to protect their interests.
  • There is no perfect thing in our world that is perfect. Everything has its own flaws, but it doesn't mean that we shouldn't strive for that. There are a lot of ways where we can be perfect. It can be music, cooking, teaching, and a lot more. It's very hard to find a good specialist these days. So when I need a lawyer I was so glad that learned about the company by the link here [thorpehatcher.com]. You can visit it as well if you're interested.

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