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Transportation Government United States

Nearly $1 Billion in Funding Restored for California Bullet Train (msn.com) 199

Back in 2009, then-governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger requested $4.7 billion in federal stimulus money to help build an 800-mile bullet train system from San Diego to San Francisco. "We're traveling on our trains at the same speed as 100 years ago," the governor said. "That is inexcusable. America must catch up."

Nearly 12 years later, "a $929-million federal grant for the California bullet train project was restored Thursday," reports the Los Angeles Times, "reversing a decision by the Trump administration to terminate the funding." But their story (shared by Slashdot reader schwit1) notes this grant has a very long history: The grant was originally made in 2010 after other states backed out of high-speed rail projects and declined to take the federal support. The California project already had won another $2.5-billion grant from the Obama administration's stimulus program, known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The Trump action to take back the money was highly controversial, and federal grant experts said such terminations were rare in cases that did not involve fraud but were merely behind schedule.

Ronald Batory, then chief of the Federal Railroad Administration, cited California's multiple failures to forecast accurate schedules, among other problems, in taking the action. Along with House Republicans from California, Trump officials were highly critical of the California project, with former Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao calling it a "bait and switch" on promises made to taxpayers. Chao and Trump had issued an even bigger threat, to claw back the much larger $2.5-billion grant that had already been spent. Despite such rhetoric, the Trump administration never made an attempt to get back the funds.

The $929 million is part of a planned $22.8-billion effort aimed at building a 171-mile partial operating system between Bakersfield and Merced [part of the route between San Francisco and Los Angeles], as well as completing environmental planning and making some high-speed rail investments in Southern California and the Bay Area.

In a statement, America's Federal Rail Agency said the settlement "reflects the federal government's ongoing partnership in the development of high-speed rail." And they called their restoration of funding "an important step in advancing an economically transformational project in California."

The Times adds that "Some bullet train advocates believe $10 billion or more from the state and federal government could be added to the project, allowing an expansion of the current construction. But even that much money would not close a roughly $80-billion shortfall needed to connect Los Angeles to San Francisco."
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Nearly $1 Billion in Funding Restored for California Bullet Train

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  • by Jack9 ( 11421 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @01:43PM (#61480444)

    While Trump appointed and enabled corruption in the highest tiers of government, this was a "stopped clock is right 2 times a day" moment. The CA bullet-train project is a pointless developer/union money-grab, which has never been about finishing the rail line. It will not be finished in the lifetime of anyone alive today. This billion dollars won't get much done [governing.com]. Goes to show that both sides are unbelievably corrupt, with the defining characteristics being who they support and which political allies they support.

    • Too much of the land needed is tied up in NIMBY.

      The (somewhat better) idea of burying the whole thing has the pesky problem of crossing fault lines.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Japan has far more fault lines and somehow manages. The new maglev track is 90% tunnel through mountains.

    • And that's why US infrastructure lags behind much of the world. Japan has had a bullet train for a long time, they did all the initial work and years of testing. Traffic in US cities is a nightmare. This is a proven idea that could seriously improve quality of life and economic productivity.

  • by VeryFluffyBunny ( 5037285 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @01:59PM (#61480472)
    ...its infrastructure badly. Elsewhere in the world, competitors are building 1,000's km of high-speed rail networks to connect all their major cities &, in the case of the European Union, also between cities in different countries. Travelling medium distances by train takes about the same time, door to door, as flying but without the horrible, degrading security theatre & baggage reclaim mishaps that passengers at airports have to endure. Travelling through countries like Germany & Spain also means that you get some spectacularly beautiful views that you'd miss if you flew. Have I also mentioned that, at least in my experience, fellow passengers tend to be a lot more relaxed & friendly. I met some really interesting people on long train journeys.
    • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @02:08PM (#61480486)

      Travelling medium distances by train takes about the same time, door to door, as flying but without the horrible, degrading security theatre & baggage reclaim mishaps

      Perhaps we could fix the security and baggage processing at the airport rather than build an entirely new transportation system.

      • Both? Both. Why not both?
      • by Ichijo ( 607641 )
        Because you'll have to spend $119 billion for 4,295 new lane-miles of highway plus $38.6 billion for 115 new airport gates and 4 new runways for a total estimated cost of $158 billion, just to achieve the same transportation capacity as spending $83 billion on HSR. So it's really a no-brainer.
        • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

          The train will take 30 years to complete.

          By then, we will have SDCs that can drive in dense platoons, increasing highway capacity. No new lanes will be needed.

          Also, HSR isn't really a replacement for driving because when you get to your destination, you don't have a car.

          • by Ichijo ( 607641 )

            Well I'd rather not put so many miles on my own car.

            • So you want a bullet auto-train, where you and your car rocket between SF and LA with only a couple dozen stops in cities you'd never otherwise visit?

              Interesting.

              Auto-train, for the kids, is a train you drove your car on to and drove away at your destination.

              https://www.amtrak.com/auto-tr... [amtrak.com]

            • In 2012, a one-way ticket on CaHSR from SF to LA was projected to cost $86.

              But that was based on a construction cost of $77B. The construction cost is now $98B. So a proportional increase in the ticket price would be $109.

              My EV uses 0.3 kwh to drive a mile. At 10 cents per kwh and 380 miles from SF to LA, that is $11.

              My car can comfortably seat 4 people. So the total savings by driving instead of taking the train is over $400.

              If a lot of people look at the cost and act rationally, the projected train ri

              • by Ichijo ( 607641 )

                In 2012, a one-way ticket on CaHSR from SF to LA was projected to cost $86.

                The current plan is to price HSR tickets at 83% of airfares.

                The construction cost is now $98B.

                Actually it's $69.1 to 99.1 billion.

                So a proportional increase in the ticket price...

                Irrelevant. Remember, 83% of airfares.

                My EV uses 0.3 kwh to drive a mile. At 10 cents per kwh and 380 miles from SF to LA, that is $11.

                How much does each mile of travel reduce the value of your car?

                If a lot of people look at the cost and act rationally (

              • The train between London and Paris can do 320km/h (199mph). Can your car drive that fast?

                Train takes 2h16m. Driving takes about 5h30m to 6h

              • The cost of driving a car is more than just fuel. Tire wear alone might be more than the cost of fuel in an EV.

          • It won't take nearly that long. There are already stretches of it done, and during the Trump administration the construction continued despite having money clawed back.

          • The train will take 30 years to complete.

            If it does it will be because of obstructionism.

            By then, we will have SDCs that can drive in dense platoons, increasing highway capacity. No new lanes will be needed.

            They still have polluting rubber tires, and those tires can still fail and cause mass pileups of platoons.

            • If it does it will be because of obstructionism.

              So? What's your point? "This project will fail because of obstructionism. Therefore we should throw $100B into a rathole so we can watch it fail and say, "We told you so!!!""

              The obstructionism isn't going away. It may worsen as the costs balloon, and more and more people get fed up with the waste.

              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                by markdavis ( 642305 )

                >"The obstructionism isn't going away. It may worsen as the costs balloon, and more and more people get fed up with the waste."

                For many such projects, if a private company won't (or is unwilling) do it themselves, then that should send a clear message against the government trying it. The free market will look at the problem and, more likely than not, correctly determine the risks, rewards, and outcomes. On the other side, the government is driven by politics, kickbacks, corruption, and so-called "exp

          • Comment removed based on user account deletion
          • In 30 years I'll be taking my fusion powered flying autonomous Tesla.
            Well not mine exactly, it's a rental.
        • The real calculus is about how many votes will you get from your constituents if you vote for or against HSR. Right now, if you're a California Republican you will lose the primary if you don't oppose high speed rail.

      • by hey! ( 33014 )

        There's a beach I know with a big circular reef that is exposed at high tide. Years ago a bunch of locals decided if the there were only breech in the reef, it make the perfect place to moor their boats. So a couple of dozen guys spent several hot summer weekends shifting rocks . As you can imagine, it was very hard labor, but eventually they managed to create an entrance to their artificial harbor.

        Then the first storm came. It was a small one, but everyone was eager to see how their boats had fared. Th

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Wouldn't actually help. In reality the train is much, much faster over medium distances. With new maglev trains that's even more true.

        In the UK for domestic flights you need to turn up an hour before. Next flight will be hours later. Airport out of the way, poor transport links because there's nothing else there. Same problem on the other end when you land

        The train goes from the city centre every 15 minutes, and takes you to another city centre transport hub.

    • Those competitors form a list of 1: China, a command economy with the ability to do things without regard to rule of law. And having lived there for five years, I agree that the trains are nice, as long as you keep the trip under five hours. Otherwise, aircraft tend to win again. While China is the size of the USA, its population is concentrated in fewer, higher-density areas, so that helps.

      Europe is kind of the same. Look at an overlay map to compare western Europe with the USA. It's highly densified and v

      • Except nobody is asking to connect the whole US with high speed rail. Only where it makes sense like in California, Texas, and the East Coast.

        China has invested in high speed rail into poorly populated areas like Xinjiang, and they are presently building a high speed rail line from Sichuan into Tibet. So no they aren't only building in dense areas. Their plan is to connect all cities with at least 500,000 citizens with each other.

      • by Miamicanes ( 730264 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @04:14PM (#61480732)

        The problem in the US isn't "lack of density" per se, it's the fact that ironically, we have too much of the "wrong kind" of density.

        In Europe, building HSR involves expensive runs through dense urban areas, but eventually, you break through a semi-invisible line a few kilometers beyond the city center where you HAVE open countryside again. In the US, if you were to route a rail line so it hit the center of every big city along its route, you could conceivably go for HUNDREDS of miles before the tracks ran through anything truly rural.

        Consider Florida. For all intents and purposes, the east coast of Florida is a semi-continuous city stretching from Jacksonville to Key Largo. The only visible breaks are basically areas where nothing is ALLOWED to get built. That doesn't necessarily mean the urbanized zone is WIDE... in places like the area north of Titusville, "downtown" is only a mile or two east of open countryside west of I-95... but if you're going to insist upon putting every city's station at the literal downtown, there's only so much meandering you can do before it becomes hopeless to even try avoiding routes that pass through single-family suburbia.

        This was a HUGE problem the original planners for Florida's proposed HSR had to contend with. They identified one route that plowed south in a straight line from downtown to downtown, and would have cost hundreds of billions of dollars. They identified a second route that diverted inland south of Boca Raton, followed the Sawgrass Expressway, put "Fort Lauderdale's" station out by Sawgrass Mills & Weston, then basically routed along US-27 and above the existing Tri-Rail tracks to get the train to Miami International Airport. It was ENORMOUSLY cheaper... but would have PROFOUNDLY compromised the train's usefulness in Miami (Fort Lauderdale is a tougher call... Sunrise/Weston would have been about equally useful for residents, but mostly useless for visitors).

        The fundamental problem with putting Miami's station at MIA is the fact that development around that station would have been forever constrained by the fact that most of the area is consumed by buildings related to the airport, and new buildings would have been height-limited due to planes taking off and landing overhead... so if you'd taken the train to MIA, you would have still had ANOTHER 30-60 minutes of travel to get to wherever you were actually GOING. The main advantage of putting the station downtown is that you can then build lots of stuff within a few blocks around it, so a company with its HQ there can have people take the train in for a meeting, walk a block or two from the station/ and be there quickly instead of having the train just be the first half of the trip.

        As luck would have it, the straight-line ideal route happens to be more or less the exact route that Brightline is now using. Basically, railroad execs read FDOT's papers, realized having passenger rail along that route would someday be a license to print money, politely declined offers to buy their ROW, then launched Brightline instead. Why "license to print money?" Because every business-case analysis done by Florida concluded that the route would lose money IF it were built as a brand new corridor to HSR standards, and would HEMORRHAGE money when you took debt service on the corridor purchase into account... but would turn an outright PROFIT on operation if it ran at 110-125mph on upgraded (but not completely rebuilt) tracks. FEC said, "hey... wait a sec... WE ALREADY OWN THOSE TRACKS, so if we can get the state to get us the corridor to Orlando and Tampa, WE could be the ones making money hand over fist", and the rest is history.

        • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

          by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

          The new Japanese maglev track will be 90% tunnel and goes through extremely challenging mountainous terrain.

          Another recent express line, the Tsukuba Express, is mostly elevated, except where it enters central Tokyo where it's underground.

          By comparison the challenges in the US are not at all hard to solve.

          • The Tsukuba Express is 36 miles long. To put that in perspective, the BART San JoseDaly City (south SF) line is 53 miles long. It goes through tunnels, elevated tracks, underwater tunnels, and regular above ground tracks.

            Oh...also remember the entire country of Japan is smaller then California.

            • Oh...also remember the entire country of Japan is smaller then California.

              Yeah, but they're within shouting distance of being the same size, and California has big swaths where statistically nobody goes.

      • If you are travelling between New York and LA, you will take a plane. But if you take an area like Californa plus the inhabited bits of Nevada, then rail makes sense.

    • It's Amurica. If my grandpappy could get around without a train or electric rail, then so can we!

      Kind of ironic, as I note from my great grandmothers diary that they were taking the trolley in the L.A. area back in 1910ish. Which was a surprise to know that a trolley even existed, much less that some of the curmudgeonly great uncles were using it before they moved and became farmers and ranchers.

      I do have conservative views, and liberal, and a mix. But I always felt that the "don't do anything new!" stanc

      • It's not the "don't do anything new!" issue.

        It's the "let's dump money hand over fist into pet projects that are never finished" thats that issue.

    • Travelling medium distances by train takes about the same time, door to door, as flying...

      You're not an American are you? I don't think you really understand the size of this country. What is a medium distance to you is probably not the same for me. Because, if it is, your statement is laughable.

      The distance between the two largest cities (both coastal) of NY and LA is 2790 miles (4,490 kilometers). That sets the scale for you.
      What's medium distance? One state over? Two states?

      I'll go with one state. LA to Phoenix is a 6 hour drive.. 1:20 by air. Assuming a high speed train can

      • To put that into context, the *slow* trains from the town I live in to London do 95mph, and the fast trains do 140mph. "High speed" is 300km/h(186mph) from London to Brussels, or 320km/h(199mph) London to Paris.

        So if you run an actual high speed train, it would be 2 hours, and that makes it competitive against air.

      • You should calculate overall time from door to door. That includes the time spent getting to the airport, queuing to check in, going through security, waiting at the gate, & possibly waiting at baggage reclaim. Train stations are typically in town & city centres & link directly to local public transport networks.

        Yes, flying from NY to LA takes about 6 hours, which by train would take over 15. You're talking about crossing 3 time zones, which would be like travelling from Paris to Russia or Turke

    • without the horrible, degrading security theatre & baggage reclaim mishaps that passengers at airports have to endure

      You imply here that our esteemed colleagues at the TSA will not be screening passengers and baggage for passengers on high speed rail lines. That assumes facts not in evidence.

      Please consider that they already explored this option a decade ago [forbes.com]. (AdBlockWalled link)

      • In the EU, you may have to pop your luggage through an x-ray machine. That's it. Do they have that at train stations in the USA?

        It much easier to sabotage the 1000's of km of tracks that the trains run on. A derailment at 300 kmph is pretty catastrophic.

  • by ffkom ( 3519199 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @02:25PM (#61480528)
    It's kind of weird to see that especially the nation that has made such prominent use of railroads in the past today has one of the slowest and least attractive railroad systems of all industrialized countries. I don't know if 1E9 USD from the government is going to change that, but it is probably better than nothing.
    • by CWCheese ( 729272 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @02:43PM (#61480558)
      It won't make a lick of difference, in fact the only section of CA HSR that is currently possible is a segment between Merced-to-Wasco, Merced is pretty much the definition of middle of nowhere with a UofCal campus there, while Wasco is an old train stop about 20 minutes drive north of Bakersfield. The chance of any passengers willing to ride this section without connections to either SF or LA is nil.

      Even so, this section will have cost about $40B by the time it ever completes, while the whole project from SF-LA has already been projected to cost more than $100B with $150B in sight. The entire rail system may not see an end-to-end run before the mid 2030s at the earliest.

      • by cheesybagel ( 670288 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @03:54PM (#61480688)

        They are building it there first because it is where it is easiest to get the right of way.
        Even then they still haven't acquired all the land there either.

        They shouldn't be building without acquiring the land first. That is one reason why costs are so high.

      • I think it's a given that the San Jose to Merced segment will get built, because there's too much potential real estate profit on the table for developers there to allow it to fail. Once Merced and beyond becomes a sane suburban commute into the Bay Area, it's going to have wholesale development until the whole Central Valley looks like satellite photos of Miami. CalHSR might look like a boondoggle for 25-50 years, but a century from now, its absence will seem as inconceivable as the absence of BART or I-5.

      • by Ichijo ( 607641 )

        The chance of any passengers willing to ride this section without connections to either SF or LA is nil.

        That's because the chance of completed sections connecting into nothing is also nil, due to the federal requirement of "independent utility."

        the whole project from SF-LA has already been projected to cost more than $100B with $150B in sight.

        No, the current cost estimate is $69.1 billion to $99.9 billion in year-of-expenditure dollars, or $72.8 billion in 2019 dollars.

        I hope you will read the latest busi [ca.gov]

      • This is boon-doggle with a capital "B" as in billions. Before we drop $200 billion plus to shuttle Norcal folks to Disneyland and SoCal folks to wine country, why not try a smaller scale demo. Bear with me.

        There are already freight lines in California running all over. Here's one map, https://bnsfcalifornia.com/bns... [bnsfcalifornia.com]. Issues are
        1.) Freight takes priority
        2.) Not highspeed in the TGV/Shinkansen sense of the word.

        But, we the right of ways already exist. So instead of dropping 100's of billions on new stu

        • This will not work, for two reasons:

          1) Parts of the freight ROW are unsuitable for high speed trains. The curves are too sharp, and the mountain crossings much too convoluted [openstreetmap.org]. These parts would have to be built from scratch anyway. And these are the expensive parts of the route (particularly the mountain crossings) which make up the large majority of the route cost.
          2) You can't run freight trains and HSR on the same tracks. HSR tracks need to be very precise in shape and location to run safely at high speed

    • by swell ( 195815 ) <jabberwock@poetic.com> on Saturday June 12, 2021 @08:32PM (#61481390)

      Take a moment to consider that the 'railroads of the past' were built by powerful financial interests that could clobber any senator or competitor that got in the way. There were no environmental concerns and relatively few property rights problems to consider. The native americans might have objected, but so what.

      Things are a bit different. Without wasting much of your time I'd like to add attorneys to the list of concerns. Everything about life in our time is more complicated, more expensive because of the potential for lawsuits. If you're a man with a plan, it may seem that there are hungry lawyers lurking on every corner looking for an opportunity to interfere with the American dream.

  • That is not serious money anymore so consider it a grant like UBI and a stimulus payment whose result will matter little next to the enormous CA economy.

  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • by couchslug ( 175151 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @04:12PM (#61480728)

    Europe and Japan got fresh starts thanks to WWII (war is great for development if you survive it!) while China has vast room to build from nothing and a central government capable of imposing order and kicking aside obstacle humans.

    The US has so much old shit there's no room for new shit without stepping on "muh rights" so while we have Constitutional government (on the rare good day anyway) we cannot have massive rail projects like other nations. Our road net accumulated beyond repairability and there's no point in passenger rail away from the coasts because most of the US remains "empty" and not worth passenger rail but VERY MUCH WORTH FREIGHT which is what we have.

    • Europe also had more walkable cities, and populations were not heavily segregated into a few big cities with lots of nothing inbetween. The trains there are also used for commuting, not just the long distance moving of cargo or the occasional vacationing tourist. Europe feels a lot more like the New England area in some ways, where there is an active train system being used all the time. But head further west and the trains really don't do much except connect cities that are very far apart.

      Unlike the airp

    • This is one of the reasons why the US never adopted the Metric system. Re-tooling everything would have cost so much.

  • The Train to Nowhere will be completed by the time the fusion power plants are ready to energize it.
  • by kenh ( 9056 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @06:56PM (#61481146) Homepage Journal

    The Trump action to take back the money was highly controversial, and federal grant experts said such terminations were rare in cases that did not involve fraud but were merely behind schedule.

    Merely behind schedule? Did we forget to mention the tens of billions of dollars in projected cost over-runs?

    The $929 million is part of a planned $22.8-billion effort aimed at building a 171-mile partial operating system between Bakersfield and Merced

    [part of the route between San Francisco and Los Angeles], as well as completing environmental planning and making some high-speed rail investments in Southern California and the Bay Area.

    That's a staggering $131.6 million per mile -to get from Bakersfield to Merced, and another $80 Billion is expected to be needed to complete the trip from SF to LA.

    This is a "Bigger than the Big Dig" boondoggle by at least an order of magnitude.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wik... [wikipedia.org]

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wik... [wikipedia.org]

    With all the stops along the way, how fast will this "bullet train" trip from SF to LA in 2038 (or whenever they actually finish it) ? Will it still be just $55/one-way?

  • by stikves ( 127823 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @08:59PM (#61481474) Homepage

    This is one of the worst managed projects in the history of ... mankind? It is criminally over budget and late for its schedule. It is now only supported by politicians, and the contractors working on it. At this point, the best would be just ending the suffering and pulling the plug.

    Of course, not all needs to go do waste. A proper project that covers the existing partial construction around Fresno could be completed with that additional budget. But, forget about connecting LA to Sacramento let alone SF.

    Whatever we do, just drop the San Jose -> San Francisco section. That is one of the most expensive real estate in the world, and even re-purposing existing Caltrain tracks would cost many billions by itself. Give that money to Caltrain, and let is do *some proper modernization*, but don't waste money trying to get HSR trains through that corridor. That will not happen. (Just demolishing a single of homes block will easily cost $20 million, go figure the 48+ miles, no HSR trains do not fit into existing corridor).

    I fear there was never a proper study for the project. They just got some initial public support, and kept going with the sunken cost fallacy "we spend $10 billion already, we just need to spend an additional $200 billion and we should be fine".

    • This looks like a case of NIMBY, as we call it in the UK. That is, good public rail transport is a fine idea, but Not In My Back Yard. In the UK, the big fuss is about HS2, which is a high speed rail project to connect major regions of London, the Midlands, and the North of England. Real estate purchases are escalating the costs. Environmentalists despair at the destruction of ancient woodlands. And the socialists point out that all this does is save 30 minutes for rich businessmen to travel between London

  • by 140Mandak262Jamuna ( 970587 ) on Saturday June 12, 2021 @09:03PM (#61481482) Journal
    Trains need heavy investment in tracks, track maintenance, rolling stock, signalling, terminals for embarkation and disembarkation.... No way this is going to be really viable. Its time for USA to leap frog over this.

    Simple thing to do: Peel off a lane in each direction in existing highways, separate it from rest of traffic using jersey barrier or walls. Mark this special lane with special RFID beacons and other sensors to make self driving vehicles possible. Exits/entrances once in 40 miles or so. Commercial vehicles will be certified and will have authorized software to communicate with other vehicles and road sensors and waystations. For private cars there should self driving skates, you park your car on top and lock the wheels down. Skate leaves one parking lot, and stops at the destination parking lot. Vehicles negotiate with one another to let them merge in from entrances. All completely autonomous driving enabled by the road. We can easily reach 120 mph for such vehicles.

    A overnight journey can cover 1200 miles, at your schedule. And you get a car at the destination. You save motel stay and car rental at the destination.

    Investment needed is a fraction of what it takes to build a HSR line.

    • Trains need heavy investment
      [...]
      For private cars there should self driving skates

      omfgwtfbbq. You want a whole system that hasn't even been invented yet and won't solve pollution from tires which is at least as bad as the pollution from burning the fuel, and you think that the overall cost is going to be lower than rail?

      • Cost per mile per ton is definitely lower for rail. But if you add the interest on investment, the cost is not that much lower unless it is amortized over really large number of travelers. Break even load factor is very high.

        The idea of dedicated lanes for autonomous vehicles, instrumentation of the road to help autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocols, authorization and certification of software, all are being developed and talked about. HSR will find it very difficult to get a foo

  • Real estate profit from the proposed Merced section of the proposed high-speed rail may be enough to offset the inevitable union and private grift. But beyond this stretch, once the proposed track gets close to Bay Area or Los Angeles-San Diego metro regions, there'll need to be some kind of transparency about finances and responsive accountability to public censure else the project will be a bottomless money pit for California. Comparisons to China, Japan, France or Germany aren't germane. Better lessons o

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