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How Misinformation - and One Facebook Group - Threatened a Federal Investment in Montana (yahoo.com) 248

The New York Times describes a six-year grass roots effort to fund historic preservation and natural resource conservation in Montana — and how it collided with Rae Grulkowski, a 56-year-old businesswoman who had never before been involved in politics, and her very influential Facebook group: Ms. Grulkowski had just heard about a years-in-the-making effort to designate her corner of central Montana a national heritage area, celebrating its role in the story of the American West. A small pot of federal matching money was there for the taking, to help draw more visitors and preserve underfunded local tourist attractions.

Ms. Grulkowski set about blowing up that effort with everything she had.

She collected addresses from a list of voters and spent $1,300 sending a packet denouncing the proposed heritage area to 1,498 farmers and ranchers. She told them the designation would forbid landowners to build sheds, drill wells or use fertilizers and pesticides. It would alter water rights, give tourists access to private property, create a new taxation district and prohibit new septic systems and burials on private land, she said.

None of this was true.

Yet it soon became accepted as truth by enough people to persuade Montana's leading Republican figures and conservative organizations, including the farm bureau, Gov. Greg Gianforte and Senator Steve Daines, to oppose the proposal and enact a state law forbidding the federal government to create any heritage area in Montana.

It is a ban that the state has no authority to enforce.

Some comments on the episode (via the New York Times):
  • Ellen Sievert, retired historic preservation officer for Cascade County:
    "We've run into the uneducable. I don't know how we get through that."
  • Bob Kelly, the mayor of Great Falls:
    "Misinformation is the new playbook. You don't like something? Create alternative facts and figures as a way to undermine reality." (In fact, it's now become an issue in the mayor's race.)

The episode was especially distressing for Richard Ecke, who spent 38 years at the town's local newspaper until being laid off in 2016 — and is also vice chairman of the proposed heritage area's board. The Times reports that "In the paper's place, information and misinformation about the heritage area spread on Facebook and in local outlets that parroted Ms. Grulkowski."

And meanwhile, "Ms. Grulkowski now has ambitions beyond Montana. She wants to push Congress not to renew heritage areas that already exist." [There are 55 of them, in 34 different states.]

Finally the Times interviewed Ed Bandel, who'd led the Montana Farm Bureau's opposition to the Montana heritage area. When asked for his supporting evidence, "Mr. Bandel said he trusted Ms. Grulkowski."

And when asked about the argument that it in fact posed no threat to property rights, Bandel remained unconvinced. "They say, 'Don't worry, we're going to do it right. Don't worry, we'll take care of you. I think Adolf Hitler said that, too, didn't he...?"


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How Misinformation - and One Facebook Group - Threatened a Federal Investment in Montana

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  • Relevant quote (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Beryllium Sphere(tm) ( 193358 ) on Sunday October 24, 2021 @10:54PM (#61923559) Journal

    âoeStupidity is a more dangerous enemy of the good than malice. One may protest against evil; it can be exposed and, if need be, prevented by use of force. Evil always carries within itself the germ of its own subversion in that it leaves behind in human beings at least a sense of unease. Against stupidity we are defenseless. Neither protests nor the use of force accomplish anything here; reasons fall on deaf ears; facts that contradict oneâ(TM)s prejudgment simply need not be believed â" in such moments the stupid person even becomes critical â" and when facts are irrefutable they are just pushed aside as inconsequential, as incidental. In all this the stupid person, in contrast to the malicious one, is utterly self satisfied and, being easily irritated, becomes dangerous by going on the attack. For that reason, greater caution is called for when dealing with a stupid person than with a malicious one. Never again will we try to persuade the stupid person with reasons, for it is senseless and dangerous.â

    â Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison

    • ... facts that contradict one's prejudgment simply need not be believed ...

      Stupid people believe anonymous 'reporting' more than the words of people who were there. eg. Alex 'info wars' Jones describing the Sandy Hook school shooting.

    • Re:Relevant quote (Score:4, Interesting)

      by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @07:41AM (#61924315) Homepage Journal

      Socrates realized that thousands of years ago. He argued that voting was a skill, not something every person is innately capable of doing well.

      You would not elect the captain of a ship, you would want someone skilled in seafaring to evaluate the performance of the various candidates and choose one based on their expertise, that you as a layperson are unqualified to judge.

      He also noted that people are unlikely to vote for policies that are necessary but likely to be a burden to them personally, while they will support unnecessary waste and things that cause suffering for others if it helps themselves.

      We sort of muddled through this far but climate change seems to have proven him right. It's only going to be once things get bad enough to make life difficult that many people start supporting doing something about it, by which point it will be too late.

      • You would not elect the captain of a ship

        That's how they used to do it on the pirate ships back in the day.

        And the pirates were about the most democratic gatherings in the world at that time.

      • Socrates realized that thousands of years ago. He argued that voting was a skill, not something every person is innately capable of doing well.

        "not something every person is innately capable of doing well" is rather understating what he actually thought. Socrates was associated with the Thirty Tyrants [wikipedia.org], who used mass violence to suppress Athenian democracy and put a repressive pro-Spartan oligarchy in its place. This is not exactly an attitude we are looking to recreate in the US.

        Led by Critias, the Thirty Tyrants presided over a reign of terror in which they executed, murdered, and exiled hundreds of Athenians, seizing their possessions afterward. Both Isocrates and Aristotle (the latter in the Athenian Constitution) have reported that the Thirty executed 1500 people without trial.[8][4] Critias, a former pupil of Socrates, has been described as "the first Robespierre"[9] because of his cruelty and inhumanity; he evidently aimed to end democracy, regardless of the human cost.[10]

        Socrates remained in the city through this period, which caused the public to associate him with the Thirty and may have contributed to his eventual death sentence, especially since Critias had been his student.[19]

  • ... to defend that portion of the American Heritage comprising the deeds of the European-expat landowner class between 1776 and 1865 or so.

  • by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Sunday October 24, 2021 @11:06PM (#61923575)

    People believe a businessperson who has zero reason to act in their interest rather than an elected person who at least nominally has reason to act in their interest.

    How stupid are people, really?

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      That a business person has the same interests as business people? Is it that shocking? And yes.. farming is a business,, ultimately, she/they aren’t wrong though , if a big hyperbolic, with reserves comes creeping restrictions. Doesn’t matter what the attitude and declared intentions are, those change over time , what matters is what can be done later down the line. I experienced something similar, first it was just for extra status and tourism.. then came building restrictions followed by build
    • by aepervius ( 535155 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @01:32AM (#61923717)
      The sole reason people trust facebook post rather than proper factual information traced to some more good source, is because they trust their own "tribe" and circle far more than distance "tribe" and circle. I predicted years (decades) ago this would happen as this is simple psychology : many people trust far more what their friends and family state rather than an authority on the matter.

      The reason I know that is that I participated in debunking stuff on forums, and was part of the randi forum community, participated in the eCat stuff as debunking and similar like steorn, and from all those I came to the same conclusion as per above : debunking does not matter because you are not an authority in the circle that people trust. Same shit with vaccine with all the anti vaccine folk, it does not matter how much clarification I do, no matter how calmly I explain it : Tante Judy said the vaccine was untested so it can't be trusted.

      All that is an extension of trusting more your inner circle than a stranger. In the last 3 decades of skepticism has taught me anything it is that. They may even justify it by the vocabulary you chose, so you have to be careful of using THEIR meanings and words etc... (got burned enough 3 decades ago with trying to explain "theory" in science, that it isn't some random "theory" layman guess, that scientist like me were paid crap, and giving up nowadays).

      At this point I have a pinacollada in hand and I am watching the younger generation hitting the same problem, and slowly but surely coming to the same conclusion.
      • That kinda explains both how people can believe the harebrained bullshit conspiracy circles and religions produce.

      • The sole reason people trust facebook post rather than proper factual information traced to some more good source, is because they trust their own "tribe" and circle far more than distance "tribe" and circle.

        No, that's not the "sole" reason. (Though it is a reason.)

        The federal government has a long history of trampling on the rights of private property owners. The feds have not earned trust in this area, and it is rational to be skeptical of them.

        That doesn't make posting falsehoods in this case a good thing, but it does help explain why people are prone to believe them.

  • by BlacKSacrificE ( 1089327 ) on Sunday October 24, 2021 @11:11PM (#61923583)

    This was not misinformation and one fakebook group, this was fakebook enabling misinformation, and, again, interfering with governmental processes as an outcome. I'm not saying that process is perfect, but it will never even be close with this bullshit going on.

    The good thing about a soapbox is it only allows the crazy to propagate as far as the crazy can project. We have now allowed the soapbox to be replaced by an amplifier which has a speaker in the pocket of most humans, regardless of whether they are mature, smart, or cynical enough to process the message. What a chilling thought.

    Facebook must be reigned in.

    • Opposition to the heritage site designation could have been organized without Facebook. Easily.

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Opposition to the heritage site designation could have been organized without Facebook. Easily.

        Not anywhere near as easily as with Facebook. I mean that's literally why people use Facebook, it makes communication easy.

    • I agree FB needs some dealing with. However, the issue is somewhat broader than that. After all, a lot of this was done by leaflet drops through letter boxes.

      I'm starting to wonder if we need to mandate that any prepared statement of a political nature needs to have a "fact check" added to it. Then, if you want to say "the virus is just the flu", or "you won't be able to build a shed" then you need to cite a source that corroborates what you're saying. Of course, you can cite a crappy source, but that's muc

    • This was not misinformation and one fakebook group, this was fakebook enabling misinformation, and, again, interfering with governmental processes as an outcome.

      Well, while I don't necessarily agree with everything that happened here....I don't live there and don't know all the facts, so I'm not making a judgement..I do support citizen's being able to "interfere" with governmental processes they disagree with.

      Unless you think every governmental effort and process is perfect and intrudes on no one or no g

  • by dschnur ( 61074 ) on Sunday October 24, 2021 @11:25PM (#61923607)
    There does not have to be merit for some people to find a cause to be against if it helps them achieve their objectives. If that person wants power, all they need to do is get a follower to agree with something that's incorrect and causes dissonant feelings, then they have them. People in general, do not like to be wrong. It makes us feel bad. Once you get a person to follow one part of a bad cause, that person will jump through any mental hoops to avoid feeling like an idiot.

    Ex:
    I say: A will cause B, C and D.
    I get followers.
    Someone else proves that B, C and D are caused NOT by A.
    My follower will then IGNORE B, C and D and the person who proved that they are not related at all costs.
    I can then suggest different reasons of why B, C and D are not related to further my cause.

    Mindless followers?

    We do it to ourselves.
  • Not Misinformation (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Canberra1 ( 3475749 )
    One has never seen 'Heritage' laws saying all pre-existing entitlements and rules will be permanently grandfathered. Land clearing and subdivisions will certainly be made harder. Planning approval fees and limits were there were none before. Take building regulations. You want to extend your house a bit. Nope, you have to re-do your switchboard, and electrical, because old house wiring does not meet standards. Insulation, blower tests - the list goes on, and not confined to just the extension. I bet the d
    • Land clearing and subdivisions will certainly be made harder. Planning approval fees and limits were there were none before.

      Citation needed.

      Take building regulations. You want to extend your house a bit. Nope, you have to re-do your switchboard, and electrical, because old house wiring does not meet standards.

      Let me see I understand you: Your current house has electrical wiring that is grandfathered in but not up to modern standards. If you do not change it, you have to do nothing. But you want to change it in dramatic ways. The regulations require you to bring it up to modern codes. And this is your complaint?

    • You cite nothing, you hand-wave, you say "I bet", and so on. You're like the woman in the article, except mostly harmless because no one will make policy decisions off your opinion.

  • by Captain Kirk ( 148843 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @12:32AM (#61923663) Homepage Journal

    This reminds me of a weird viral set of lies that circulated before the UK election in 2019.

    https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/dec/10/woman-says-account-hacked-to-post-fake-story-about-hospital-boy

    The initial lie was just some random person making stuff up. But 1000s of people repeated the lie by copy/pasting the text. Hundreds of thousands retweeted it. The lie went viral. No amount of fact checking made any difference and it became an election issue.

    The only explanation I can think of is that huge numbers of people actively prefer stories that match their political preferences and if reality won't provide the facts to support these stories, they will happily accept fiction and righteously lie in order to support those political preferences.

    • by arglebargle_xiv ( 2212710 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @01:34AM (#61923721)

      The only explanation I can think of is that huge numbers of people actively prefer stories that match their political preferences and if reality won't provide the facts to support these stories, they will happily accept fiction and righteously lie in order to support those political preferences.

      Put more formally, many people prefer simple falsehoods over complex truths that don't confirm to their prejudices.

  • When [Rae] Grulkowski tried using [Jeni] Dodd’s [anti-heritage listing] group to push the idea that Montanans’ property rights were at risk, Dodd kicked her out for promoting lies.

    The slashdot summary doesn't describe Grulkowski properly. She already believed "His Glory TV" and Seth Keshel's right-wing, pro-Qanon misinformation.

    “It’s very easy to take fear and mistrust and make it work for you. It’s very hard to fight back against all of that,” [Jane] Weber said. “It’s kind of like trying to convince someone to get vaccinated.”

    Propaganda 101

    ... the state has no authority to enforce.

    That is the key concept here: We should be alarmed that " Republican figures and conservative organizations, including the farm bureau [which published anti-heritage listing propaganda], Gov. Greg Gianforte and Senator Steve Daines" didn't know their job and respond to the proposal for heritage listing properly. But the key concept tells us th

  • In this case it sounds really bad when a good thing has been stopped because of misinformation. Brexit may have been (depending on which side of the debate you stand) the same, that misinformation (which is uncontested) cause a lot of damage (debatable).

    However, this is part of democracy. Voters have the right to make their decision for the most stupid reasons. When this has limited impact - like in this case - this is unfortunate, with worse cases people will suffer. This is the price of democracy!

    Get used

    • by N1AK ( 864906 )
      We have to be a little careful about what we take as intended or not, and acceptable or not, around a concept. At the extreme end allowing any form of misinformation, or efforts to undermine democracy (by making it harder for people who won't vote for you to vote), is dangerous if the people who win can alter how your leadership is elected.
  • I knew you could. My community has one lunatic that pretty much makes a living spreading lies and false information about 5G. She also has a small crew of parrots that defend every word she says. The common thread is that it's impossible to argue with these people. They won't listen and immediately revert to ad hominem attacks if anyone questions their view.
    • Yeah well, luckily /. is different. We wear tinfoil hats not because of 5G but to defend ourselves against secret russian microwave weapons.

    • I live in a community that is soon to host the F-35 jet in the Air National Guard base collocated with our local airport.

      This is a "college town" with a leftish predisposition, not only at the U but even more so among the "townies." People are coming out of the woodwork as anti-F-35.

      The F-35 has a more powerful, louder jet engine than the F-16 based here that it will replace, which in turn replaced the A-10 "Warthog", which was virtually silent on account of its engine design that was intended to snea

  • Is why you don't use social media for any time of factual research.
    (Or any research.)

  • The people whining the most about misinformation are by far the biggest sources of it. Virtually the entire media lied about Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, Syria, Venezuela...and then Russiagate. None of them have been deplatformed or banned from social media. Fauci is still on the news every night despite lying about masks, herd immunity and gain of function research. CNN hasn't been censored for spreading "medical misinformation" about Joe Rogan taking horse dewormer.

    The answer to bad speech is more speech, no

    • "They said we need internet censorship because Russia.
      They said we need internet censorship because Covid.
      They said we need internet censorship because 1/6.
      Now they say we need internet censorship because Facebook whistleblower.

      Who is they?

      The great thing about a nebulous "they" is you can aggregate every opinion you disagreed with into a single persona to attack it. Reality is more complex.

      I can also support free speech, and support businesses who support it as an explicit goal (I use Dreamhost, in part be

  • by misnohmer ( 1636461 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @03:35AM (#61923891)

    You cannot counter misinformation with facts, that just causes people to further dig in, plus many people don't have the attention span to dig into details. However, you could put some tangible guarantees behind it, say enact a law that says that if any of what went out in the fake newsletter turns out to be true, each resident gets $1M dollars a year for life. That will motivate people to try hard to collect this reward by trying to prove that at least some part of the fake news was true. If nobody collects it, that's a very convincing argument that it was all fake.

    Saying "none of this is true" is an easy one-liner to say, but just as easy to rebut with a one-liner - he said, she said. Having the government tell people "we guarantee with $1M per year per resident for life that none of this is or will ever be true" is a much more convincing one-line argument, because the follow up argument is "prove it and collect a fortune", and nobody can say "it's not worth proving". Of course, if it turns out any of the misinformation was true (say water rights did change for example), well, that would turn into a very expensive fact check fail for the government.

    • by Pembers ( 250842 )

      If nobody collects it, that's a very convincing argument that it was all fake.

      You know that, and I know that, but the misinformation-mongers would just twist such an offer into more "proof" that you're lying. For instance...

      • "Senator Misnohmer promised that if I proved X or Y or Z was true, I'd get a million dollars a year for life! Well, I proved X and Y and Z [of course they've done nothing of the sort], and I haven't got a million dollars! More proof that the Senator can't be trusted on anything!"
      • "Senato
  • by rapjr ( 732628 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @03:53AM (#61923931)
    Especially for anything at the federal level, see the False Statements section here:

    https://www.lawfareblog.com/la... [lawfareblog.com]

    A quote:

    By far the broadest federal statute criminalizing lying is 18 U.S.C. 1001, which makes it a crime to “knowingly and willfully . . . make[] any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation” in the course of “any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch” of the federal government. There’s no requirement that the statement be under oath.

    end quote

    I'm not a lawyer, so I don't know if that statute applies to this case, but when possible people who tell lies that are harmful need to be sued or prosecuted. Reputation should mean something also, so hopefully everyone who lives near Rae Grulkowski now knows she is a lier and will not listen to her in the future as a result of this national news story. She has trashed her reputation by lying and should suffer the consequences.

    • Now cite the relevant federal laws to Heritage designation. Without those, ALL of the comments here are off-topic.

  • by DrMrLordX ( 559371 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @04:32AM (#61923983)

    Much ado about nothing. Knocking off a Federal heritage site designation is pretty far down the list of "bad things locals do". In the meantime, who organized the effort in the first place, and why? Central Montana is not exactly a hotbed of tourist activity. Seems like Grulkowski found enough local landowners that don't care enough about Federal dollars for tourist attractions to accept any kind of land designation.

    Many Western landowners still actively distrust Federal control of any land. The Feds already control so much of it that way that it's a sticky issue.

    https://webcache.googleusercon... [googleusercontent.com]

    • Many Western landowners still actively distrust Federal control of any land. The Feds already control so much of it that way that it's a sticky issue.

      They weren't distrustful when the Feds originally purchased/stole/seized that land from its previous owners and handed it to them for homesteading.

    • https://ballotpedia.org/Federa... [ballotpedia.org]

      The Federal government already controls 29% of the state. If they want a heritage area they can have it on their own land.

      Although there may be no great restrictions that go with being a heritage area today, the rules can change tomorrow, and those rule changes will be made by city dwellers from a completely different climate zone.

      The people of Montana are well with their rights to be suspicious.

  • "We've run into the uneducable. I don't know how we get through that."

    There's only two ways, education or force. And education takes time, so the real criminals are those who have compromised our education system deliberately. There's scarcely an ill which cannot be laid at their doorstep, because every ongoing unsustainable activity is enabled by the uneducated.

  • by bradley13 ( 1118935 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @07:16AM (#61924231) Homepage

    I read this article, and probably initially had the reaction the author wanted, but...no...

    There will always be eloquent, persuasive people out there. They may sometimes persuade people of something good. Sometimes, they will be mistaken. Sometimes, hopefully rarely, they will be malicious scammers.

    This is nothing new. The current campaign against "misinformation" is dangerous, because it means that someone, somewhere wants to be granted the power to determine what is truth [enotes.com]. Such a power should not exist.

    Back to TFA: If we believe, TFA, then this woman persuaded people not to accept federal money for a project they were not sure they wanted. This is not a tragedy, the world continues to orbit the sun. Taking away her soapbox would be a tragedy. If she really is wrong, all that needs to happen is for an equally eloquent, persuasive person to get up on their own soapbox and oppose her. If no one does, then the issue must not be all that important.

    And, yes, I feel the same about the anti-vaxxers and all the rest. They can stand up and shout incorrect information, because taking away their ability to do so is far worse, in the long term, than allowing them to spread nonsense.

  • by SchroedingersCat ( 583063 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @07:57AM (#61924343)
    If people choose to trust someone over government officials then the most likely reason is erosion of trust in the government. The fact that people believe misinformation is the vote of no confidence for the elected officials.
  • I don't believe in "cancel culture," but I want to cancel the term "alternative facts." Blot its existence from the Earth. Don't even use it in jest. Lies are lies and deserve to be condemned as such, at all times, everywhere.
  • "... I think Adolf Hitler said that, too, didn't he...?"

    Godwin's Law out of the gate.

  • Who's lying? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by argStyopa ( 232550 ) on Monday October 25, 2021 @11:16AM (#61925019) Journal

    Let's get a few facts clear. You may disagree with their politics, but I would assert that Heritage.org is pretty soundly researched and factual.
    https://www.heritage.org/budge... [heritage.org]

    It should be noted that there is NO federal statute in law authorizing these things. They are basically issued at the whim of Congress, and thus don't conform to a strict template. (There are also state-issued programs.)
    The programs standards, implementation, etc are all relatively ad-hoc, but ends up with 'stakeholders' (whoever that may be) and the Nat'l Park service working in tandem to develop management and development plans in accordance with the goals of the NHA.

    Importantly: "....NPS involvement "is always advisory," . "It neither makes nor carries out management deciÂsions."

    Read the article. Essentially Heritage admits that their fears are anticipatory, not exampled.

    HOWEVER.

    Their example of the Blackstone Heritage Area seems to suggest a clear basis for this anticipation - the NPS role is supposed to be advisory only, but the BHA has basically been subsumed into the NPS and is staffed by NPS personnel, who act according to the directions of the stakeholder commission. That's pretty clearly in contravention of the principles of the NHA...whatever those are, since they're not actually a thing.

    Dunno.
    Superficially, it seems that the NHA is a fairly polite, restrained idea to 'conceptually' recognize areas of cultural or regional importance, and collect people to think about and manage that cognizant of it as a whole, as well as get federal resources to do so.*
    OTOH, particularly in the west that saw an astonishing explosion of 'federally-locked-up-lands' in the last weeks of the Obama administration, it's fairly reasonable to see this as a 'government nose under the tent' precursor to state, regional, or local statutes which DO then threaten private property rights, esp when one sees how many environmental groups are involved in the designation of such places. Obviously THEY feel they can get some value from these programs; their presence ALONE in my view justifies much of the paranoia.

    *Personally, I'd ask why the FUCK this is even a thing. Federal dollars don't just "fall from heaven". They come from SOMEONE. Does it make sense to take money from a business in Arizona or a homeowner in Oregon, to help fund biking trails in the Appalachians?

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