Fake Covid-19 Vaccine Certificates Are Being Advertised On the Dark Web (bankinfosecurity.com) 207
Criminals have been selling fake vaccine certificates online and may be able to fool an EU system designed to verify the certificates' validity, researchers warn. BankInfoSecurity reports: [A] report released last week, "COVID-19 Vaccination Certificates in the Dark Web," which has not yet been peer-reviewed, notes that some darknet markets continue to sell supposed vaccine certificates for use in multiple countries. Four researchers - Dimitrios Georgoulias, Jens Myrup Pedersen, Morten Falch, Emmanouil Vasilomanolakis - who are all part of the Cyber Security Group at Aalborg University in Copenhagen, Denmark, reviewed vaccination certificate offerings from 17 marketplaces and 10 vendor shops. The researchers found that at least one vendor appears to be selling digital certificates, registered in Italy, that are being read as valid by mobile COVID-19 certificate-checking apps developed by both France and Denmark.
The Aalborg University researchers, however, note that many darknet markets forbid any listing containing any items related to COVID-19. But others, they say, do allow both physical and digital vaccine certificates to be offered for sale, and in some cases also "yellow vaccination cards" or other vaccination record cards that can be used as proof of vaccination, albeit only inside the country in which they were supposedly issued. "The listings are heavily focused on European countries and the United States, but there are also listings from other continents and countries, such as Brazil, Canada, Mexico and Australia," as well as Russia, the researchers write. "The pricing differs greatly between the different listings, with the cheapest certificate starting at $39 and the highest price reaching almost $2,800, which included both a physical and a digital certificate, registered in the United Kingdom," they write. Most markets accept bitcoin and monero cryptocurrencies as payment, they add, while a smaller number also take such digital coins as ethereum, cardano, litecoin and zcash. [...] The Aalborg University researchers note that buying a fake digital certificate gives the seller ample opportunity to scam a buyer.
If these fake COVID-19 certificates can indeed pass for valid ones, then one unanswered question remains: How? Many of the sites claim to have access to the systems used to issue certificates, either by hacking into them remotely, or having insiders who work at a healthcare or other health organization, the researchers say. "In the specific case of a listing on the Russian marketplace Hydra, the description even mentioned the exact location and hospital that the system was accessed from," they say. Another possibility, however, is that criminals have somehow stolen one or more private keys for the European system, which were issued to participating health organizations. If so, it would be difficult to revoke these keys, the researchers say, since doing so would invalidate what might be a large quantity of legitimate certificates too.
The Aalborg University researchers, however, note that many darknet markets forbid any listing containing any items related to COVID-19. But others, they say, do allow both physical and digital vaccine certificates to be offered for sale, and in some cases also "yellow vaccination cards" or other vaccination record cards that can be used as proof of vaccination, albeit only inside the country in which they were supposedly issued. "The listings are heavily focused on European countries and the United States, but there are also listings from other continents and countries, such as Brazil, Canada, Mexico and Australia," as well as Russia, the researchers write. "The pricing differs greatly between the different listings, with the cheapest certificate starting at $39 and the highest price reaching almost $2,800, which included both a physical and a digital certificate, registered in the United Kingdom," they write. Most markets accept bitcoin and monero cryptocurrencies as payment, they add, while a smaller number also take such digital coins as ethereum, cardano, litecoin and zcash. [...] The Aalborg University researchers note that buying a fake digital certificate gives the seller ample opportunity to scam a buyer.
If these fake COVID-19 certificates can indeed pass for valid ones, then one unanswered question remains: How? Many of the sites claim to have access to the systems used to issue certificates, either by hacking into them remotely, or having insiders who work at a healthcare or other health organization, the researchers say. "In the specific case of a listing on the Russian marketplace Hydra, the description even mentioned the exact location and hospital that the system was accessed from," they say. Another possibility, however, is that criminals have somehow stolen one or more private keys for the European system, which were issued to participating health organizations. If so, it would be difficult to revoke these keys, the researchers say, since doing so would invalidate what might be a large quantity of legitimate certificates too.
$2800 for a fake certificate (Score:5, Insightful)
This is insane. Just take the free shot instead, you fucking retards.
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It would be really interesting to see how anti-vax propaganda in America differs from anti-vax propaganda in the US.
In America, we have anti-vax propaganda that says, "carrying a card is a sign of an authoritarian government, stay away from it." Whereas I doubt that's a common line of reasoning in, for example, Belarus.
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In most of Western Europe the main objections right now are regarding mandatory certificates and government tracking.
Actual vaccine hesitancy is way lower than in the US, in my experience.
Re:$2800 for a fake certificate (Score:4, Insightful)
It would be really interesting to see how anti-vax propaganda in America differs from anti-vax propaganda in the US.
In America, we have anti-vax propaganda that says, "carrying a card is a sign of an authoritarian government, stay away from it." Whereas I doubt that's a common line of reasoning in, for example, Belarus.
So they don't want authoritarian government yet these same people are also busy trying to set up a one party state under God Emperor Donald Trump. How delightfully contradictory. Prey tell us more amusing stories of the behaviour of American wildlife.
Re:$2800 for a fake certificate (Score:4, Informative)
I'm going to guess that you'll find no one who actually wants that.
Seriously, I could find five people who would gladly admit to wanting that in one hour. And at least one of them would be a relative.
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You have a relative that wants a country under God Emperor Donald Trump? Really?
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You have a relative that wants a country under God Emperor Donald Trump? Really?
Seriously. I wouldn't joke about that. It's not funny. They adore D.T. It's like he's their personal savior.
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There are a lot of rural American churches preaching that Donald Trump is the new Messiah,
There's your imagination getting away with you. That never happened.
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If you make a bet that "there is nobody that X", and X is literally possible, you will lose that bet if the other guy is willing to research hard enough.
ex. "There is nobody who is a Jew and a Neonazi."
False [wikipedia.org].
ex. "There is nobody who is a Christian who worships pagan gods."
False [wikipedia.org].
Syncretism is a natural feature of human religious thinking. Look at those poor fools waiting for a return of JFK Jr. It would be surprising if there were *not* people who regarded Donald Trump as divine; there are certainly those
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Re:$2800 for a fake certificate (Score:5, Interesting)
So they don't want authoritarian government yet these same people are also busy trying to set up a one party state under God Emperor Donald Trump. How delightfully contradictory.
I'm going to guess that you'll find no one who actually wants that. Anywhere in the world. It's your TDS talking hyperbole.
And yet they say "carrying a card is a sign of an authoritarian government, stay away from it." but they want everybody to carry a card in order to be able to vote? SO, is that an exception to the "cards=authoritarianism' rule? Furthermore, they want to charge people $75-175 for the 'free' voter ID because poor people above all others can afford to shell out that kind of money for a voter ID. If that' isn't voter suppression as part of an attempt to establish an authoritarian plutocratic system where only the wealthy can vote, I don' know what is:
https://today.law.harvard.edu/... [harvard.edu]
https://today.law.harvard.edu/... [harvard.edu]
But feel free to explain to us why a $75 is freedom but a vaccine ID is a totalitarian attack on freedom. Because it came from the divine lips of the Orange One?
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I don't know what you are replying to. Your comment has nothing to do with what I wrote. Maybe you meant to reply to someone else?
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I don't know what you are replying to. Your comment has nothing to do with what I wrote. Maybe you meant to reply to someone else?
You posted earlier in the thread: https://slashdot.org/comments.... [slashdot.org]
So I pointed out the amusing hypocrisy of the same crowd of people that usually also identify as anti-vaxxers thinking that "vaccine passes are authoritarian" but then turning around being OK with paying $75-175 for a 'free' voter ID wh
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It's a good bit more here. If you want a Real ID, expect to pay a premium.
I took a look at a few different states. Some do offer "free" id's, but they typically require documentation that is decidedly not free if you don't already have it.
I'm generally okay with voter id requirements if every registered voter is issued, automatically and at no cost, the necessary id. Anything less is intentional voter suppression.
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...they'll have no trouble getting a Fauchi Ouchee card.
Well, if they do they're smarter than the average Trumpkin.
Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:2)
Let's Go Brandon was coined by a leftist reporter at a NASCAR event desperately attempting to cover up the fact that the crowd was VERY loudly chanting Fuck Joe Biden. Having hilariously created a minced oath appropriate to be used anywhere, it was eventually used everywhere but the biggest initial boost it got outside of online memes was college campuses.
Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:2)
Sure. Like all those Chinese folks using Pooh Bear to represent Xi. The type of censorship that leads to the message spreading faster, like a corollary to the Streisand Effect.
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Assuming walking distance to a library. Assuming they aren't working two jobs during standard business hours... which they do because they are poor and this is their means to survive.
Costs of purchasing required birth, marriage, naturalization and other certificates. In some instances, the calculations include legal fees needed to secure these documents
Again, assuming
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What a load of nonsense propaganda brought to you by the people trying to rip open the ballot boxes for their new 88,000 strong IRS enforcement brigades and 'climate' youth squads. If we look at your report https://today.law.harvard.edu/... [harvard.edu] we see how they managed to make up this nonsense. In summary they've taken a list of things which might be legitimate for working people who can afford ID but are also absolutely free for the poor. How do I know? I've been poor. "1. Time costs involved in learning about photo voter ID requirements and how to meet them." Time is free for the poor, if it weren't they wouldn't need to haggle over paying $5 for an ID card. So is access is the public library. "2. Costs of purchasing required birth, marriage, naturalization and other certificates. In some instances, the calculations include legal fees needed to secure these documents." The poor have access to free legal aid... and it also isn't really needed here because they'll tell you what you need at the agency itself. They also get all these fees waived by filling out a form. "3. Costs of travel expenses to the departments of vital records and motor vehicles, and the potential cost of hiring a driver and/or vehicle." Feet are free. Also even bad public transportation systems go downtown to the main DMV in any city and these systems are again, universally free to low income individuals. "4. Costs of travel time and waiting time at the agencies." Again, time is NOT money for people who don't make any money.
So my choices are believing researchers at Harvard Law School or some crackpot rando named 'shaitand' on Slashdot ... you'll doubtless be surprised to know that going with Harward Law was not only the rational choice to make but that it was also made in less than a New York second.
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Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:2)
Democrats should claim the conservative label for themselves. Some of our most conservative leaders over the last few decades were Democrats like Obama and W.J. Clinton.
As far as I know, "conservative" doesn't hold the same sort of venom among D's that "liberal" holds among R's.
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So you are denying Trumps status as a god's anointed?
Yes, I deny that Trump is "god's anointed," in case there was any doubt.
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Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:2)
Also know as a "conservative".
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The anti-vax propaganda in the EU doesn't reflect that distribution though (at least here in the Netherlands). There is almost
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Fascinating, I didn't know anthroposophism was a thing.
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Supposedly a lot of people who use some of the same drugs report similar experiences during their trip state, to the point where they "go" to the same "places" and "meet" the same "entities". I haven't tried most of these compounds so I can't speak to this phenomenon personally. Maybe it will turn out that it activates the brain in the same way and therefore people have similar experiences based on where/how certain things are stored/performed in the brain, but it is one of the phenomena that tends to incre
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On social media the most common messages are: "It doesn't work", "There are unknown long-term consequences in using it", or there are horror stories about serious side effects. Not much propaganda from anthroposophists; they aren't openly promoting their alternatives, though a few prominent ones have been helping spreading disinformation.
Yeah I barely use FB to keep track of some events but a former classmate of mine constantly posts memes like that.
"The government is in a difficult position. It has to convince the unvaccinated that the vaccines work, and at the same time convince the vaccinated that they don't work and they need one more shot"
or
*Picture of a dog being bitten by another dog, that is in turn being humped by a third dog*
Labeled "the unvaccinated", "the vaccinated", "the government"
whaaat?? Then there's shit like my generally
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you know what has unknown long term consequences?
Getting COVID.
Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:2)
Due to lack of proper healthcare systems, about 30% of the EU population relies on homeopathy. They are notorious anti-vax. Also, the vaccine and testing isnâ(TM)t free in EU, my mother is paying EUR 40 per mandatory test and the good vaccines (Moderna, J&J, â¦) are EUR 120, while the only free or low cost ones are Sinovac and other ineffective ones.
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Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:2)
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Some friends of mine who got vaccinations early were given only a paper card and have no idea how they'd come up with a QR. Once inside the FDA building people would sit right next to me in meetings, so it seems the rank and file weren't too worried abo
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Still more trustworthy than handing that information over to a government.
Can you please detail for us the nature of your head injury? It might help us understand your comments.
They’re avoiding it because of the shellfish (Score:2)
Clyde: I can’t get vaccinated because I’m allergic to shellfish.
Wendy: Clyde, there’s no shellfish in the vaccine!
Clyde: I know, but I read that sometimes in the lab where the vaccine is made, if someone ate shellfish, that it can get cross-contaminated, and have left over residual shellfishness.
Jimmy: So you’re saying you won’t take the Covid vaccinated out of shellfishness?
Clyde: Yes, that is correct, just a general sense of Shellfishness.
Credit to South Park.
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I'm giving this troll a 0/10 for lack of effort and originality.
Re: Not taking the mark of the beast. (Score:3)
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Mark of the beast? So we now combine religious nutjobbery with conspiracy bullshit?
So after barcodes, credit cards and whatever else came your way that was the "mark of the beast"... can't you just call it "stuff I don't understand and that scares me" and be done with it?
Re: $2800 for a fake certificate (Score:5, Insightful)
I'm not sure how that works. Paranoid of what?
It's just so weird what people are skeptical of. On one hand, you have a free vaccine that has been administered to people eight BILLION times with a tiny number of adverse health effects, has been tested in thousands of studies, and has been approved by virtually every health ministry of every country on earth. On the other hand, you have a literal criminal enterprise asking you to put huge sums of money into escrow, so they can send you a fake certificate to your physical address.
I feel like the people who pick the latter option just don't live in the same universe I do.
I'm also not sure why two recalls of other meds make you lose trust in vaccines. These are obviously two different things, and if anything, the recalls show that, even in cases where mistakes occur, they are detected, openly publicized, and remedied.
Amazing (Score:5, Funny)
I am shocked, shocked to find illict vax documents sold on the dark web.
"Here are your illicit drugs ordered on the dark web sir"
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Why the fuck would they be shocked by this low consequence BS when you can buy drugs, guns, and fake IDs since forever?
I even remember people on clearnet sites like 4chan discussing how to forget vaccination cards
Wait a minute wait a minute (Score:3)
They're priced in dollars - not bitcoin?
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XMR *cough*
How is this news now? (Score:3, Informative)
This has been going on all year. And what's with the summary "which has not been peer reviewed yet"? You don't need to wait for peer review for validity on an article which tells people that something which has been documented in multiple countries and has already had many arrests associated with it.
Adolf Hitler got a vaccination certificate: https://www.schengenvisainfo.c... [schengenvisainfo.com]
12 people arrested in Germany: https://www.dw.com/en/germany-... [dw.com]
2 people arrested in The Netherlands: https://apnews.com/article/cor... [apnews.com]
On sale in Ireland for 350EUR: https://www.irishtimes.com/new... [irishtimes.com]
Which shows the cost of living in Ireland since they are only 150EUR in Italy: https://www.euronews.com/2021/... [euronews.com]
Oh and this has been going on since March: https://www.bbc.com/news/techn... [bbc.com]
I know Slashdot is late to the party
The Law: Fraud= Criminal Record = Lower paying job (Score:3)
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The certificates and apps (that only work where there is internet) only inconvenience honest people.
The apps do not rely on an internet connection, only when first generating the certificate. You're off to a good start let's see what other nuggets of wisdom we can find in your post.
It does absolutely nothing to dishonest people and is a useless waste of time and money.
What do you mean does nothing to dishonest people? We're literally talking about people parting with a lot of money to get a fake certificate, so clearly it does something.
It is just as retarded as the US closing airports to flights from a handful of countries, while doing nothing about hundreds more countries with the same infection
Cool something you said makes sense.
and leaving thousands of miles of the southern US border wide open for millions of unvaccinated people to walk across at will and then flying them around the country on secret night flights to distribute the load on the welfare system and spread disease all over.
And then you ruined it by more Fox News hysteria. Okay off to bed now.
How do they work? (Score:2)
I'm curious. AFAIK, the EU COVID vaccine certificates are a serial number & a QR code of it for quick & easy scanning & verification. All the verification apps do is scan the QR code & check it against a database of govt ID numbers, e.g. national ID card or passport. You need to show your valid govt ID with the number on it when someone checks your COVID certificate. If they don't match &/or the photo on the ID doesn't match your face, then you've failed the verification. The certificate
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Not sure about the EU, but here in California, I've been to many places that supposedly requires vaccination. I offer them the official, government-issued digital QR code, but they all told me they can't check it. So what do they check instead? A screenshot I took while using the verification app on my own QR code. It shows my name and vaccination dates. It's also a .png file that I can photoshop a new name onto in 3 minutes (2 of which is waiting for PS to start).
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Some are getting caught (Score:3)
The nice thing is, when these people get caught [cnn.com] they face both hefty fines [cnn.com] and jail time [mashable.com]. Meaning they have a criminal record [cbslocal.com]. Meaning, in many states, they can't vote [go.com].
Who knew forging a government document [nbc4i.com] could be illegal?
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Interesting thing is the COVID-19 virus isn't fooled by these "fake" certificates either. Self-correcting problem.
Why does anyone want to see a certificate? (Score:3, Funny)
It would be easier and more reliable to just scan you for the cpuid on the chip inserted by the vaccine.
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... and ebay (Score:2)
So called "COVID exemption lanyards" can be bought on ebay for about a £5 in the UK even though there is no such thing. Images/PDF to print yourself are also circulating on FB/Twitter etc.
There's good reason to own both fake and real ones (Score:2, Insightful)
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Presenting the "fake" one (issued to some arbitrary common name) keeps you from leaking personal data in many locations that are mandated to check those certificates.
Or you could simply implement the system in a way that doesn't leak personal data, e.g. the Netherlands where the barcode has the day of the month of your birth and your first initial in it. Woop de fucking do. "9 C" There you go, public now for all to see.
But there's no voter fraud (Score:2, Informative)
Looking at my own card and the paper mail-in ballots, both are stupid easy to copy. Neither has a GUID associated with it. Neither has a cryptographic hash function associated with it. Two points: 1) faking either is easy and 2) if you're motivated enough it's easy. Just sayin'.
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Oh there is voter fraud.
https://www.thedailybeast.com/... [thedailybeast.com]
https://www.azmirror.com/2021/... [azmirror.com]
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Card? It sounds like you're not talking about the EU certificate which is what TFA is about given that a) it's not a card, and b) it is cryptographically signed.
Re:But there's no voter fraud (Score:5, Informative)
Election officials check the submitted ballots against the voter registration roster.. it's easy to identify multiple ballots submitted for the same voter, ballots submitted for a non-registered voter, and invalid ballots (e.g. vote is for president but you changed the question to be what is your favorite food, so that the answer is not a valid vote for president).
The election officials already check if any registered voters moved out of the district or registered somewhere else, or died, or for some other reason become ineligible to vote there, and they remove them from the roster. This can also happen after the election, and in that case the count is adjusted to discount invalid votes.
You don't need any hashes for the above to work, and the combination of your name, birthday, and registered address are already a unique identifier within a voting district. It would be extremely rare for twins to be given the same birth name, but even in that situation you just need another state id to distinguish them.
Seems that many people confuse "it's easy to attempt voter fraud" with "it's easy to commit voter fraud without detection". If the attempted fraud is detected and handled, then it doesn't affect the election results.
There might be a use for cryptography in improving elections even more, but today the voter registration rosters are plaintext and you don't need cryptography to ensure you have at most one vote per eligible voter.
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There is however a globally unique ID on the return envelope you have to use to submit that secret ballot that can be verified and recorded before they pass it to the folks actually responsible for opening the thing. It is part of how they can tell you your ballot is in the mail and that it has been received back and the signature accepted. Copied or faked an ID on the envelope? Congr
Cancel culture (Score:3)
many darknet markets forbid any listing containing any items related to COVID-19
How bad does your culture have to be for the darknet to cancel it ?
There *is* a legal edge-use case for this (Score:2)
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demonstrably more dangerous to their health and safety than their likelihood of catchiing COVID developing severe COVID symptoms
That person only exists in the fantasy of Covid deniers.
Re:There *is* a legal edge-use case for this (Score:5, Informative)
A person who cannot receive a vaccination because it would be demonstrably more dangerous to their health and safety than their likelihood of catchiing COVID developing severe COVID symptoms could have a somewhat legal use case for this sort of thing, as it would get them a pass at a locale that is demanding proof of vaccination without having to disclose that they had any kind of medical condition which made vaccination impractical for them. Unfortunately, this is far more likely to be used by people who simply don't want to be vaccinated without a justifiable health recommendation. .
Here in my Canadian province, if you have a legitimate medical exemption for not getting vaccinated (which is approved by a purpose created panel of specialist doctors and is not easy to get, because indeed very few people have legitimate medical reasons for not being vaccinated), they will issue you a card with a QR code that will validate just like all the rest, with no indication you are "special". There is not much risk to this, as people who actually qualify for this are one in many thousands.
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May I inquire as to which province that is, specifically?
I live in BC, and they are *NOT* doing that here, and while I'm lucky enough that this doesn't impact me personally, it honestly pisses me off, because I feel bad for those that it does impact (roughly 1% of the population).
Manitoba, and I agree completely that people with valid medical reasons for not being vaccinated should not be penalized, but I think it is much less than 1%. Less than 0.1% according to the experts I've heard.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada... [www.cbc.ca]
New fad. (Score:2)
Re: Wait a little bit and save (Score:2)
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The vaccine for malaria isn't that good (Score:2)
40% protection from contracting, 30% from hospitalization with 3 doses. Not really that great. Progress, to be sure.
Vaccines vs. other stuff are far better. More work needed, it's not a solved problem.
From: https://www.mmv.org/newsroom/n... [mmv.org]
"Itâ(TM)s important to note that the RTS,S vaccine does not offer full protection against malaria â" clinical trials suggested that it reduces the risk of contracting malaria by 40% and the risk of hospital admission with severe malaria by around 30% when at
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The African Covid19 variant omicron with its 32 mutations to the spike protein (versus 2 for delta) could render all current vaccines largely irrelevant.
How many mutations in Delta? [google.com] Shows Delta has a lot more than 2 mutations on the spike. Between 9 and 17 depending on the source.
Btw, the WHO has suggested that rather everyone getting boosters that everyone in Africa should be vaccinated. With single digit uptake vaccination rates there, it truly looks like they were proven right on that one!
We should have enough supply by now to do both.
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Covid, and especially the Omikro variant, is not a serious problem in Africa.
It is now. Travel from S. Africa is banned, directly harming its economy and therefore its ability to fund fixes those other problems.
None of the other diseases you mentioned are particularly concerning to wealthier countries since they're easy to treat, prevent, or aren't as contagious.
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[Omicron] could render all current vaccines largely irrelevant.
Have you found a single scientist that thinks the vaccines are likely to be irrelevant to the Omicron variant? I haven't found any.
Re: Wait a little bit and save (Score:5, Insightful)
Fauci said it in an interview the other day: you have to wear your masks (which is the same as admitting that the vaccines donâ(TM)t work against omicron)
Seatbelts don't work. That's why we have airbags.
It's not like they could both be helpful is it guruevi...
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You were wondering where the hospitalized severe cases of vaccinated people come from.
Well, much as I would like these stupid, arrogant, murderous liars to pay for what they are doing, this is not it.
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Well, that's the problem we have now, is it or is it not? First question would be whether the vaccination certificates of those in hospitals get checked for validity so we could actually know what it is.
This isn't exactly helping determining the effectiveness of the vaccine.
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Vaccination certificates shouldn't be intended for use by people who have actual access to a person's medical records. They should be for people who aren't trusted with access to medical records. By the time someone is hospitalized with COVID, they're under the care of someone who can look at actual medical records to see whether the patient was vaccinated. They don't have to rely on a certificate or card that might be forged.
In short: Reports of hospitalization from breakthrough infections shouldn't be
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I agree, they shouldn't. What I'm asking is whether they are.
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You should either provide some evidence that your speculation is founded in fact, or JAQ off somewhere else.
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I agree, they shouldn't. What I'm asking is whether they are.
They would have noticed. They did not. Hence the number of people with fake vaccination certificates is not a significant factor for COVID patients in ICUs. Also, most COVID patients in the ICUs are _known_ to be non-vaccinated. In Europe, it is something like 90%. Also note that patients will get asked whether their cert is fake by their doctors when things get serious and this info will _not_ go to the police, but patients will get told that lying here will seriously affect their chances.
So no, not a fact
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Right up until they are intubated, many of them still don't believe COVID even exists.
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If you get to the ICU, they will very likely do an antibody test and not rely on a vaccination certificate. They will need to run a large body of tests anyways, this one is just one of the bunch. Also, they need to know reliably because it affects the treatment.
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The digital vaccination certificates in the EU are cryptographically signed. A free app is used to check the validity of a certificate QR-code completely offline. If you want a certificate to pass the mandatory verification when you enter a shop or restaurant, it is not easy to make your own. What you get starting from $39 is a relatively easy to fake yellow medical vaccination "booklet". If you use that daily, it's going to be highly suspicious, and if you try to turn that into a digital certificate by sho