Europe Is Investing Heavily In Trains (nytimes.com) 124
An anonymous reader quotes a report from the New York Times: Train travel in Europe is on the upswing, thanks to growing interest from travelers, a renaissance in sleeper trains, and new investments in high-speed rail lines across the continent. But to see major growth in passenger traffic -- which is one of the goals of the European Green Deal -- the continent's railways will have to overcome a number of challenges, including booking difficulties and competition with short-haul flights, which remain the cheaper option on many multicountry routes. In France and Austria, the pandemic brought the planes-versus-trains question to the forefront. The French government's Covid bailout package of Air France required the airline to eliminate domestic flights when there was a rail option that took under two and a half hours to complete; the measure was later written into law.
The Austrian government placed a similar condition on its support to Austrian Airlines, demanding that the company end its 50-minute flight between Vienna and Salzburg, a journey that passengers can make by train in about three hours. The European Commission also designated 2021 as the "Year of European Rail," seizing the opportunity to spread the word about train travel, particularly to a younger audience. While passenger traffic was growing steadily through 2019, it was starting from a low base: Before the pandemic, only 8 percent of all passenger travel in the European Union was by train. But in addition to the public relations campaign, European leaders are also working to reduce practical barriers to cross-border train travel by introducing new data-sharing systems, replacing outdated infrastructure, and building new high-speed routes, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.
"The idea is that for train trips of less than four hours, no businesspeople will choose to fly, and for trips below six hours, normal people -- tourists -- will take the train," said Alberto Mazzola, the executive director of the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies, which is based in Brussels. Mr. Mazzola added that government leaders are throwing their weight behind railway infrastructure, particularly high-speed lines. "We heard this 20 years ago," he added. "The difference today is that we are seeing the investments."
The Austrian government placed a similar condition on its support to Austrian Airlines, demanding that the company end its 50-minute flight between Vienna and Salzburg, a journey that passengers can make by train in about three hours. The European Commission also designated 2021 as the "Year of European Rail," seizing the opportunity to spread the word about train travel, particularly to a younger audience. While passenger traffic was growing steadily through 2019, it was starting from a low base: Before the pandemic, only 8 percent of all passenger travel in the European Union was by train. But in addition to the public relations campaign, European leaders are also working to reduce practical barriers to cross-border train travel by introducing new data-sharing systems, replacing outdated infrastructure, and building new high-speed routes, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.
"The idea is that for train trips of less than four hours, no businesspeople will choose to fly, and for trips below six hours, normal people -- tourists -- will take the train," said Alberto Mazzola, the executive director of the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies, which is based in Brussels. Mr. Mazzola added that government leaders are throwing their weight behind railway infrastructure, particularly high-speed lines. "We heard this 20 years ago," he added. "The difference today is that we are seeing the investments."
What Choice? (Score:3, Insightful)
"The idea is that for train trips of less than four hours, no businesspeople will choose to fly, and for trips below six hours, normal people -- tourists -- will take the train," said Alberto Mazzola, the executive director of the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies, which is based in Brussels.
If the flights have been banned by the government, it's not really a choice is it?
Electric planes (Score:2)
Will eat the lunch of next gen planes.
Re: (Score:2)
Electric planes are not practical and making them practical would require physics and chemistry that is unknown to us.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
If we discovered the technology to make transoceanic aircraft practical tomorrow it would still take something like 30 years before that technology made a dent in the market. They'd have to test the technology out on experimental craft. Then light aviation. Then cargo. Then maybe it could be trusted to carry many people over long distances. That is barri
Re: (Score:2)
As your linked video states in the 2nd minute, it's really just a problem of energy density (W/Kg, not W/m^3). Today's batteries are orders of magnitude worse than hydrocarbons such as kerosene in terms of energy density. There is no law in physics or chemistry that prevents the existence of an electro-chemical cell with the energy density of hydrocarbons or better, it is perfectly plausible for such technology to exist but we just haven't discovered it yet.
Summary of the video for others: Why electric p
Re: (Score:2)
There is no law in physics or chemistry that prevents the existence of an electro-chemical cell with the energy density of hydrocarbons or better, it is perfectly plausible for such technology to exist but we just haven't discovered it yet.
Lol, no, it is not plausible, and there will never be something like that discovered.
Perhaps super capacitors, but chemical: no way.
However, we do not need that anyway. While there is currently a market for none stop flights from Sidney to London: it is only Zeitgeist. It
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
"Electric planes are not practical..." is too categorical a statement. They aren't practical for medium- and long-range travel, yes, but they certainly are imminently practical in the short haul.
Re: (Score:2)
There are plenty all electric airlines already in existence.
As usually you are the ManBehindTheMoon, MadMann.
Re: (Score:2)
Nonsense. You may have heard that if we can go to the moon, we can do that, too. Everything is possible... in the world of liberal arts majors who smoke a lot of weed.
Transoceanic trains (Score:2)
Your absurd comparison of long haul and short haul was amusing . I await your news letter on how interstellar plane flight will never be practical and how trans oceanic trains will require unknown physics. But sadly for you electric planes for short haul flights are being built now. And as they become refined will out perform trains by offering point to point travel with more frequent departure times and less staff and maintainence than train tracks require.
Re: (Score:2)
I noticed you didn't provide any sources. I linked to a video that went through the math in significant detail. Yes, there were many approximations made so it's not going to be exact, but it shows that there is an order of magnitude problem here. If this were an issue of two versus a half then perhaps there is a debate to be had, since we've seen a fourfold improvement in technologies before. When there is a difference of two orders of magnitude then there's no fixing that any time soon.
Show your work.
Re: (Score:2)
There's no question that electric powertrains are vastly more robust and easier to maintain than anything powered by fossil fuels, not to mention the difference in the cost of fuel. We all complain about the 62% increase in gasoline prices, but the specialized fuel used by aircraft have seen triple that increase. However, as pointed out by others in this thread, electrical flight is practical only for very short flights, because we have no known methods yet for either storing or generating electricity in qu
Re: (Score:2)
Will eat the lunch of next gen planes.
Long before we have electric planes that hate the range of even today's short-haul aircraft, we will be able to make artificial jet fuel. This would make air travel carbon-neutral while giving all those wind turbines something useful to do.
Re: (Score:3)
Well, the commuter train in my area has free WIFI and no hassles with baggage.
Since this is Europe, I am sure these trains will be far more comfortable then anything a plane can offer. Plus one can work or game while on the train, try that on a Plane during the complete flight (take-off to landing).
Re:What Choice? (Score:5, Informative)
Since this is Europe, I am sure these trains will be far more comfortable then anything a plane can offer.
Even in the US, Amtrak's coach class is better than airline's first class - more leg and elbow room, free WiFi and 120VAC power at each seat.
Re: (Score:2)
I'm just surprised trains are not more common in the first place. Companies like having deliveries on time, and a train can carry a lot more stuff than a choked interstate full of semis. Passenger rail, provided it has an adequate schedule is useful.
If a high speed rail system was built in the US to allow north/south transportation at relatively high speeds (200+ mph/320+ kph), as well as east/west, perhaps paralleling interstates, it would get a large amount of traffic off the roads. It is just mind bog
Re: (Score:3)
Re: (Score:2)
A lot of rail infrastructure in the United States was lumber company lines.
Is that really right? I would have thought coal and grains would have been pretty big too. Maybe ores too. And I seem to see lots of trains with shipping containers these days.
Of course, I don't have any numbers to back this up. Do you? I'm quite curious.
Re: (Score:2)
A lot of rail infrastructure in the United States was lumber company lines. As the mills in the west closed down, so did the rail lines themselves. Locally there was a tunnel collapse that nobody has the resources to repair, so what remained of the old lumber line only goes as far as a turn-around station when it used to connect to lines that crossed the state.
More relevant is that federal policy taxes rail by the mile making double tracking uneconomical. This does not matter for freight, except right now when it is limiting capacity, but it is important for passenger schedules. The US does not want a comprehensive rail system and acts to prevent it from being developed.
Re: (Score:2)
A lot of freight is already on the rails in Europe.
But as it usually has to share the same rails with passenger trains, those (and especially high speed trains) will have priority over freight trains. This makes truck delivery times often more predictable than freight trains. Like if a truck gets stuck in traffic for 3 hours, it will be late 3 hours. If your freight car arrives 3 hours late at the freight switching station, it may be there till the next night.
Plus, it doesn't help that the German Railroad C
Re: (Score:3)
Since when did less than 20% mean "a lot"? 76% of inland freight in the EU goes by road vs. 17% by rail:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/... [europa.eu]
Re:What Choice? (Score:5, Informative)
As you talk about highways choked by semis and other issues related to the transportation of goods, you should be aware that the US has the largest rail network in the world, by far [wikipedia.org], nearly as big as the next two—Russia and China—combined. It’s that big because it already gets a tremendous amount of traffic off the road.
The only “issue” here is the degree to which it isn’t filled with passenger traffic.
Re: (Score:2)
As you talk about highways choked by semis and other issues related to the transportation of goods, you should be aware that the US has the largest rail network in the world, by far [wikipedia.org], nearly as big as the next two—Russia and China—combined. It’s that big because it already gets a tremendous amount of traffic off the road.
The only “issue” here is the degree to which it isn’t filled with passenger traffic.
Yet despite its size, it is capacity constrained and access is rationed.
Re: (Score:3)
Re: (Score:2)
America is big, to get from DC to Pittsburgh is a 10 hour train ride, or a 1 hour flight.
Because the tracks are old and the trains are slow. In Europe - obviously only if there is a connecting train track - 1h flight equals 2.5h train. In Japan it is even less.
Re: (Score:2)
But that being said, the "slow" part is simply because the freight companies own the tracks and passenger rail (read: Amtrak) effectively pays to run on those rails. The freight company is always going to prioritize their very pr
Re: (Score:2)
Re:What Choice? (Score:5, Insightful)
Since this is Europe, I am sure these trains will be far more comfortable then anything a plane can offer.
Yep.
Plus:
a) You don't have to arrive an hour before departure and be violated by "security"
b) It won't leave you 40 miles outside the city so that you have to waste another hour to get to where you need to be.
Re: (Score:2)
a) You don't have to arrive an hour before departure and be violated by "security"
b) It won't leave you 40 miles outside the city so that you have to waste another hour to get to where you need to be.
Rail travel in the US is nice compared to a plane, however if it became popular, TSA would work to make it just as miserable, and they have already taken steps in that direction.
Re: What Choice? (Score:3)
Oh really? If the train is so super awesome then why have air routes been banned in order to force people to take the train? People are willing to pay more than endure the train. For many people, are not as good an experience as airplanes. No amount of lying to them will change that. Maybe you could try talking about the pollution aspect, but do not bring the dishonest argument that the train is better.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Most people simply take the cheapest option.
They do not care that it takes an hour to the airport, another hour for being early and another hour to finally get to the destination.
Trains are not super cheap, not if you try to buy a single ticket on last minute. But unlike airplanes: they are super cheap if you buy a month ahead, or have a special bonus card. Most people do not care, they think they are more free if they can decide last minute where to go and when to go.
Re: (Score:2)
Because one heavily subsidized industry (no tax on kerosine for planes) was using that advantage to push another subsidized industry out of business.
Re: (Score:2, Troll)
Because one heavily subsidized industry (no tax on kerosine for planes) was using that advantage to push another subsidized industry out of business.
Pretty funny how leftists consider not taxing the hell out of something "subsidizing" it.
Re: (Score:2)
Well... if anyone else is "taxed the hell out" for something, but someone special is exempt from those taxes by grace of some specific government action, the word "subsidizing" is pretty much appropriate.
It's not about something being taxed or not, it's about the exemption that is made from general taxation for someone.
Re: (Score:2)
Pretty funny how leftists consider not taxing the hell out of something "subsidizing" it.
And what has that to do with lefties again?
If you have tax on gasoline but not on kerosine, you are subsidizing the kerosine using industries.
It is as simple as that.
Re: (Score:2)
If the train is so super awesome then why have air routes been banned in order to force people to take the train?
Because the air planes produce more CO2. Ooops - that easy, or not?
People are willing to pay more than endure the train. For many people, are not as good an experience as airplanes. No amount of lying to them will change that
Sorry, but those points are nonsense and do not reflect reality.
Re: (Score:2)
You are delusional to assume everyone prefers the train over airplanes. Are you saying that statement is false? Obviously you're a liar.
Yes, the planes produce more CO2, however you idiots seems to think that people don't prefer airplanes over trains .. yet somehow people are choosing airplanes even though the price is higher. How do you figure? Idiot.
Re: (Score:2)
You are delusional to assume everyone prefers the train over airplanes.
I did not say that. Are you answering to the wrong post?
yet somehow people are choosing airplanes even though the price is higher. How do you figure? Idiot.
I told you already in the previous post: they prefer the perception that the flight is only 1h - 1h sitting awkwardly - but the train is 3h.
No idea why that makes me an idiot.
Re: (Score:3)
Re: (Score:3)
Re: (Score:2)
That's nice but 300km is nothing. If I take the car, I'll be halfway to the destination by the time I got to the train station and onto the train.
For longer trips it's just much faster to fly. At my airport I can be at the gate within 15 minutes of entering the terminal, and two hours will get me almost anywhere in Europe. High speed rail could be decent for something mid-range but a) it doesn't exist and b) it would be expensive as hell.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: What Choice? (Score:2)
Buses for the masses (Score:2)
Trains are really expensive. So this will actually push people to busses unless they ban those as well.
Re:What Choice? (Score:4, Informative)
Re: (Score:2)
Sort of, electric trains are not as quiet as you imagine. As they pull out the station they tend to make a lot of noise as the cooling for the power electronics kicks in. Not as bad as a diesel train, but it sure isn't quiet. Hard to tell on at high speed as wind and track noise tend to dominate. Also even before they pull out the cooling for the power electronics is still running (well on the electric trains I have been near it does).
I guess if you are using shitty third rail DC electric power it is a bit
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
So there are no locos operating in NSW? The NSW EPA sets the noise limit at 70dB(A) at idle: https://www.acoustics.asn.au/c... [acoustics.asn.au]
You seem to just make stuff up all the time.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
You clearly never lived near European train tracks. Trains are ALWAYS loud, even the 'quietest' modern locomotive produces 72dB idling, an average carriage produces 80-90dB just rolling on the tracks, curve squeal can produce excess of 120dB.
BS.
I have always lived near railways in the UK, a couple of times in plain sight of them, and never found noise an issue. Road traffic passing my house makes much more noise (if only because it is always closer), even in a side street, and even if you leave out those motorcycle and moped riders who have obviously removed the baffles from their silencers as a way of saying "Fuck You!" to any bystanders.
I think someone has already pointed out that electric trains don't idle, and from the videos I have
Re: (Score:2)
If you have ever faced a choice between airport to airport, then transportation into a city's business district afterward, and train station to train station...city centre to city centre...you'd be insane to choose flying.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Agreed assuming your goal is the city centre. If it's not, this becomes a hassle versus an advantage.
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
Compare this to flying, where you have to go through the rigmarole of all the security checks, limited suitcase space, waiting for boarding, the terrible cramped chairs you sit in, the dry air you breathe all night while you try to sleep in your shitty chair with a baby crying all night and the person next to you waking you up in the middle of the
Re: (Score:2)
Train travel at its best is fantastic. You'd be mad to fly between two Japanese, German, French etc cities with a remotely direct rail connection. However at its worst rail travel is far worse than flying with issues accessing city centre stations, dysfunctional schedules, sometimes ridiculous prices, and trains so overcrowded that you spend hours stand
Re: (Score:2)
If the flights have been banned by the government, it's not really a choice is it?
Maybe english comprehension isn't your strong suit, but the concept of which mode of transport people take has absolutely nothing at all to do with government policy listed earlier in the summary.
Re: (Score:3)
The French government's Covid bailout package of Air France required the airline to eliminate domestic flights when there was a rail option that took under two and a half hours to complete; the measure was later written into law.
If rail really was so much better than rail as people here are claiming, then why do these flights exist in the first place? Everyone should be taking the superior rail option leaving no demand for these short haul flights. And without demand the airlines wouldn't fly those routes. And there would be nothing for the French government to ban.
I'm happy to see governments invest in any kind of infrastructure, including rail. But don't tell me that your solution is so good that the government needs to ban the c
Re: (Score:2)
If rail really was so much better than rail as people here are claiming, then why do^H^H DID these flights exist in the first place?
Because they where cheaper. As in some countries kerosine is not taxed.
And people prefer cheap. And/or the perceived fun to waste an hour in an airport drinking expensive beer.
Some people do not do the math, like: by train it is 3h from door to door, but the train takes 2.h :( versus by plane it is 3h from door to door, but the plane takes only 55mins! Yaeay!
Europe's trains are great! (Score:4, Interesting)
Lived in Switzerland for a few years. Europe has the best trains. Great service. Much better than driving or airplanes. Frequent service, just get on the train. No hassle. Comfortable.
Whenever we go to Europe, we plan to take trains everywhere.
Re: (Score:3)
Back when I was traveling for business in Europe or Japan it was a highlight for me to arrange to get around on the trains. The high speed run from Stuttgart to Munich was always a favorite. The Shinkansen from Tokyo/Yokohama (business) to Hakone/Kyot (pleasure) also was something to do when possible.
Now -- California: it looks like we will never see rail service that we so badly need. Because reasons. If I had my way it would go all the way from the Canadian border to the Mexico border. We can buil
Re: (Score:2)
Back when I was traveling for business in Europe or Japan it was a highlight for me to arrange to get around on the trains. The high speed run from Stuttgart to Munich was always a favorite. The Shinkansen from Tokyo/Yokohama (business) to Hakone/Kyot (pleasure) also was something to do when possible.
Now -- California: it looks like we will never see rail service that we so badly need. Because reasons. If I had my way it would go all the way from the Canadian border to the Mexico border. We can build huge Interstate highways but not that.
You should question the politicians that sheared (or fleeced ?) the Kalyfornya taxpayers on the CAHSR dream.
For all the money spent on CAHSR they could have double-tracked many existing single-track routes between LA to Sacramento and possibly to SF and probably done it all without grade crossings... even the infamous "it's too hard Bluto!" Tehachapi Loop area. Now such a plan would not have been much faster than existing trains... if they were allowed to stop at every sleepy burgh along the tracks. That's
Re: (Score:2)
That's not hard to do when even biking is sometimes faster than flying [archive.org]!
Re: Europe's trains are great! (Score:3)
The biggest single challenge for passenger rail in the US is density... but it's not a LACK of density, it's the fact that in the parts of the US where it would otherwise make sense, you can literally drive a hundred miles without driving past anything more 'rural' than a gravel parking lot.
European cities are dense, but unlike the northeastern US & Florida, they actually HAVE open rural land between cities to build tracks through. In many parts of the US, any new rail route that puts stations "downtow
Re: (Score:2)
The biggest single challenge for passenger rail in the US is density... but it's not a LACK of density, it's the fact that in the parts of the US where it would otherwise make sense, you can literally drive a hundred miles without driving past anything more 'rural' than a gravel parking lot.
I have to disagree. Tax policy in the US prevents the double tracking which would be needed for reliable passenger service, and regulation is excessive. Even under ideal conditions a state like California cannot make travel by rail feasible, and I do not think they ever intended to.
Re: (Score:2)
Part of the problem with "true" HSR in the US is, we keep planning to do it the worst and most expensive ways possible. Going back to the Florida HSR example, FDOT was planning to spend about $7 billion (early 2000s) dollars on the segment between Miami and Orlando... for service with a single train per hour each way.
That's the literal definition of insanity & madness. If you're going to spend that kind of money building a new HSR line, you need to have trains running at least every 10-20 minutes. Even
Re: (Score:2)
Interestingly enough, sections of the old ATSF Surf Line from Fullerton to San Diego are rated by CALTRANS for up to 90 mph passenger trains. That comes from a CALTRANS document published on the web by the State of Kalyfornya itself.
I have ridden that one a few times going back to the 80s and so much of the travel time is spent creeping along that it is faster to drive.
Re: (Score:2)
And German trains are a laughing stock compared to the swiss trains mentioned by GP post. Well, at least from a European perspective.
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
So how many people a day does the highway system serve? Remember, people can access and leave the highway at hundreds of points. Even if you stuffed them all onto trains they would still need to find some way to get to their destinations.
People in countries that have no extensive highway system just make do with what the goverment has built. It just happens that all the places people want to go a train also goes there, how convenient /s.
Re: (Score:2)
This doesn't seem to be a big issue with countries with decent train service. I can't tell you what begat what: whether the places you want to go were formed around train destinations or whether the desirable destinations go train service. Maybe a bit of both.
My only personal experience of this is when BART opened the Rockridge station (I lived near there for a while) it was a scummy and run-down section of town and plagued by street crime. Over the course of years it was transformed into a high-ren
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Trains do take a long time, though. I just checked: I can fly from Amsterdam to Münich in 1.5 hours. Granted, one should add 2 hours to be on the airport, and another half hour to get to the airport. Total: 4 hours. You can also take the train to Münich. It'll take 9h39m, let's make that 10 hours total.
I've done that trip a number of times, but in the end, 10 hours was a bit too much for me.
Costs are roughly equal, by the way, about 150 euros.
Re: (Score:2)
Well, there is a damn reason a train takes 9h++ from Amsterdam to Munich.
DISTANCE And on top of that: there for some strange reason not many fast rail ways going that route, otherwise it would be ~3h
Re: (Score:3)
The huge success of the Paris-Amsterdam high-speed train dictated the end of the Paris-Amsterdam flights. That you could fly through Dublin at a lower cost means you were using a low-cost airliner (Dublin hosts the most infamous low-cost airliner, I won't advertise their name here).
Since low-cost is a different level of service, we can only compare to low-cost trains such as Ouigo (France/Spain), cramming the maximum number of people into two floor wagons, lowest price when travelling at inconvenient times.
Re: (Score:2)
Compare overnight trains to cruise ships... (Score:2)
Pro-tip: buy a box of wine (in France) or a big bottle of Jeigermeister or Oozo depending on where in Europe you are, and a bunch of paper/plastic cups at the grocery store across from the train station, given your travels and to-be expected room-mates
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
One thing you should realize is that Switzerland probably has the best railway service in both the EU as in the world.
Don't hope too much that all other EU countries have as good trains as Switzerland has.
Re: Europe's trains are great! (Score:2)
We've traveled all over Europe including Scandinavia and Mediterranean, Great trains everywhere
Conservation of Momentum (Score:2)
In response the US Congress has passed a bill that will shut down the Amtrak Accela, the United State's only high speed train. When asked why, Senator Mitch McConnell (R) said that "Due to the Laws of Conservation of Momentum is was a necessary measure, otherwise there's a risk of ripping apart the spacetime continuum and creating a black hole that would devour the Earth.", and also "We are severely upset by this reckless and careless, unilateral action being taken by European nations, so we had to take act
Re: (Score:2)
Hmm, I'm not sure if this is true or not... Bloody Poe's Law!
Amtrak (Score:2)
The idea is that for train trips of less than four hours, no businesspeople will choose to fly
That's certainly true in the US, if the train trip is less than 4 hours the distance involved is walkable
Re: (Score:2)
Hang on, has anyone ever seen an American businessperson walk?
Re: (Score:2)
Small correction to the article... (Score:5, Informative)
Re: (Score:2)
Re: (Score:3)
Re: (Score:2)
I make that about 300km, so 2.5 hours is an average speed of 120 kph which isn't bad. The current route looks unsuitable for higher speeds due to some of the curves, but it could potentially be down to about an hour.
Where are the older slashdotters? (Score:2)
You know, folks who remember that for *months* after 9/11, the pilots' union was saying that for anything under 300-400 mi, flying makes no sense, and the train is faster (and it gets you downtown, not 20 mi through heavy traffic from downtown)?
Re:I thought we had a pandemic. (Score:4, Insightful)
"Crowd into trains"? I feel planes are where we crowd together! Trains are heavenly places by comparison. What kind of trains do you know? A busy commuter maybe? European trains are like somewhere between first class and business on airplanes, in my experience. There are local commuter trains, but we're not talking about them on long distances. The excellent high speed trains in Europe offer more room and better facilities than any airplane! Take Italy's fantastic trains (international and national) and find out how you're treated, pay a little more and get six people to a carriage, proper dinner served by waiters, etc.
Your knowledge of Europe and its geography seems superficial, you have to be American to claim the area available for solar is not available. "Europe" includes all kinds of countries and is larger than the US(!) Let's say we remove European Russia from that area for now, but add in all of Turkey. There are huge areas that are not even populated in mainland Europe. For example in sunny Spain! There are plans for power cables from North African solar plants in addition to the existing gas pipelines that cross the Med now. The seas outside the UK, Denmark, Netherlands and Norway is where we host huge offshore wind farms. We [Europeans] are building the same type of wind farms off the US' coast these day.
"Pumped hydro" is exactly what the EU looked at doing by moving surplus power from wind/solar sources in continental Europe to places like Norway and Sweden with its huge hydro resources. We have the power cables in place already. These days we're more focused on producing hydrogen and huge plants are being built.
Nuclear is great though! We're planning on building a lot more EPRs across Europe. On the other hand, we're making huge leaps on fusion in France (ITER) and the UK now. The new miniature nuclear reactors (SMR) made by R-R might be the game changer we need for the short term.
Re: (Score:2, Troll)
It seems you have no idea on how much energy Europeans use compared to how much energy solar power can produce. The following link gives an idea:
http://www.inference.org.uk/su... [inference.org.uk]
We can plot power consumed by European nations as watts per square meter just like we can plot the watts per square meter for different energy sources. Note on that graph the use of logarithmic scale. Looking at the graph you should notice that most nations consume energy at a rate of about 1 watt per square meter, and that solar
Re: I thought we had a pandemic. (Score:2)
Except if you expand nuclear power you end up with figures like 110g/kwh
See IPCC 2014
The diffrence between the high and low figures is because the high figure is when you have more reactors which have used up all the high grade ore meaning more energy is required to mine the low grade ore.
Re: (Score:2)
From that same report we see solar PV producing 180 g/kWh of CO2. What happens to that figure when we use up all the high grade ore for silicon? What happens to the cost?
You still have the problem of land area for solar and wind, there's no easy way around that. Put solar panels on rooftops or over roadways and you triple the cost. Put windmills offshore and you triple the cost. Nuclear power is lower cost, takes less land, and still produces less CO2.
We are going to have to build more nuclear power pl
Re: (Score:2)
Concrete also uses silicon. What happens to the cost of concrete when all the high grade silicon is used up.
---
As for the material required:
1kw of solar PV is 67Kg (mostly solar in the cells and the glass)
1MW of nuclear requires 190 cubic meters of concrete: so 200watts (assuming 20% sunlight on the panels) = .038m^3 of concrete.which is about 91kg.
From what I can gather 25% of concrete is silicon.
So 37% of the silicon is still required for the nuclear reactor compared to solar panels. This is not a big d
Re: (Score:2)
LAND AREA!
We cannot do without nuclear power because there is not enough land for dilute energy like that from wind, sun, and water. You gave nothing to dispute that. This is because you cannot. People need land for growing food, clothing fiber, medicines, wood for building materials, and more. Use up that land with solar power and people will have to choose between starving or freezing to death.
Bringing up silicon sources as something against nuclear power is really cute. What makes you think solar po
Re: (Score:2)
With COVID-19 still a thing
COVID-19 isn't still a thing. With high vaccination rates and as a result hospitalisations plummeting governments the continent over are removing restrictions (including requirements to mask yourself on public transport) and removing barriers for border crossings.
You may not have been paying attention the past 2 months but the policies on COVID-19 management have dramatically changed.
Where is the energy coming from to power these trains? Nuclear fission, that's where. Wind
Actually it's going to come from Wind and Solar and storage systems because the trains are being built *now* and thus are pow
Re: (Score:2)
Eastern Europe is full of organised crime groups who board sleeper trains. They use outright threats, weapons or more subtle methods like drugs or their most recent favourite - knock-out gas - to pick you clean unaware.
This actually happened to us once, on a sleeper train from Lausanne to Venice.
Re: (Score:2)
Not really, mate. I lived in the Eastern block for long enough to know it all true. I know actual victims of these kind of robberies. Furthermore, overnight tickets often contain warnings against these robberies, platforms are posted with "be vigilant at night" messages, and organised groups often have someone on watch all night. Train stations also employ security guards or even police, to patrol a subset of trains every night. It's a real problem, whether your own life experience makes you believe it or n