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Transportation United States

US Approves California Plan Requiring Half of Heavy Duty Trucks Be EV By 2035 (reuters.com) 217

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Friday said it was approving California's plans to require a rising number of zero-emission heavy-duty trucks as the state pushes to cut pollution. Reuters reports: California Governor Gavin Newsom said as a result of the plan, "half of all heavy duty trucks sold in CA will be electric by 2035." "Time to stop playing small ball," he added. Under an executive order Newsom signed in 2020, California plans to mandate by 2045 that all operations of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles be zero emission where feasible, shifting away from diesel-powered trucks.

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) had sought waivers from the Clean Air Act to set heavy-duty vehicle and engine emission standards. California has been joined by Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Vermont in adopting the rules. CARB has noted heavy-duty vehicles greater than 14,000 pounds comprised 3% of vehicles on California roads, but account for more than 50% of nitrogen oxides and fine particle diesel pollution.

The EPA said it is not yet approving California's request to set new regulations on pollutant exhaust emission standards for nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter for 2024 and future medium- and heavy-duty engines and vehicles. Separately, California in August moved to require all new light-duty cars and trucks sold in the state by 2035 to be either electric or plug-in electric hybrids. California needs an EPA waiver for that regulation.

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US Approves California Plan Requiring Half of Heavy Duty Trucks Be EV By 2035

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  • Token Gesture (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Dusanyu ( 675778 )
    Trucking companies will just buy and license their fleet out of state. the only thing he is playing hardball with is the truck dealers in California.
    • California can regulate out-of-state trucks that come into the state.

      • One way they could limit this would be to construct numerous transfer ports near the borders of the state. Out-of-state trucks would be required to either be EV or deliver their load to a transfer port. From there an EV truck could travel the rest of the way into the state.

        This would either encourage trucking companies to switch to EV trucks or put many goods into standard shipping containers which could be easily transferred to EV trucks. Any trucking company that had to manually unload their cargo so i

    • Trucking companies will just buy and license their fleet out of state

      Unlikely, since electric trucks are cheaper to operate and maintain.

      By 2035, most new trucks will be electric. California's mandate may speed that up a little, but it will happen regardless.

      • Re: (Score:2, Troll)

        by amorsen ( 7485 )

        Long distance lorries only have a service life of 5 years or so. The switch to electric is going to happen very swiftly, the same way it is happening with buses right now.

        Good luck if you are a lorry manufacturer and you do not have a plan to transition 100% of production to electric by 2030. China won't wait for you, and Chinese companies will eagerly capture the market. Just like with buses.

    • Most big trucking companies already do that.
    • Registering things out of state for use mostly or entirely within it has been tried before, and laws tend to be written with closing such loopholes in mind.
    • Current OP is marked Flamebait for stating the obvious. The trolls are out in force today
  • by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 ) on Friday March 31, 2023 @09:09PM (#63415868)

    Maybe it'll work out. But my semi-professional opinion is that it won't, in a very specific way:

    The electric stuff will be sold in the required numbers, possibly with heavy taxpayer subsidies, but the real work that trucks/cars/etc do will be borne by the ever-shrinking pool of grandfathered gasoline and diesel vehicles.

    The costs to operate these things will rise as time goes on. And that will make the failure of the policy along the economic dimension easier to obfuscate.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      Actually, local work will easily shift to EVs, and fleets will see long term savings too. Then regional will shift. Then national.

      • by schwit1 ( 797399 ) on Friday March 31, 2023 @09:43PM (#63415966)

        Where are you getting the electricity? The only way this works is with a huge nuclear energy buildout. Good luck getting California on board with that.

        • Where are you getting the electricity?

          Converting 50% of long-haul trucking to electricity will increase electricity consumption by less than 2%.

        • Where are you getting the electricity?

          The diesel engine can't possibly get over 60% efficiency, and that's a pipe dream in roadgoing diesels, they just aren't big enough and have to deal with too many different conditions. They can barely get 50% in a container ship. Large steam turbines can be over 90% efficient, EV motors are 95% efficient, and you get regen which is meaningful even on long haul trips if significant grades are involved. Refinement and distribution are both cheaper for oil power plants than for a plethora of diesel trucks, and we lose less than 5% in transmission in this country. So the answer is that even if the energy comes from the same source it's always come from, the electric trucks are still less polluting and more efficient than the diesels, and you actually save energy. Good thing, since that's needed for manufacturing.

          There's also no reason why we couldn't retrofit diesel trucks into EVs, since the fuel tanks just hang on the frame and the entire vehicle is designed for maintenance, so there's really no need to replace the entire truck. Even the controls are standardized and already usually throttle by wire and all based on standard and/or well-known protocols so you wouldn't even have to change anything in the cockpit. We probably will just replace them, though.

  • Like Indiana's Bill 246 of 1897*, watching the results of California's attempts to implement the legislation will be interesting.






    *This legislation declared the value of pi to be 3.
  • by PPH ( 736903 )

    Measured how? By vehicle numbers? Vehicle numbers in each weight class? Total GVWR? Because if you pick the correct metric, converting local delivery trucks to Rivan vans (as Amazon is doing) might get them there.

    • Google says the weight of UPS delivery vans is 16 to 24k lbs, and electric ones are bound to be a bit heavier, so that sounds like they would exceed the 14k lb threshold mentioned in the summary.

      They also stop and go constantly, which makes me wonder if their emissions might be up on par with heavier trucks for construction etc.

  • You can do local delivery with EVs, but I don't think you can do long haul with lots of cargo due to battery capacity limitation. Because of that, I suspect there will be less deliveries to California by road and few shipping companies that would do it would run specialty trucks with a diesel generator in a trailer charging while driving.
    • Trick is, what's the ratio of local delivery vs long haul? Plus, lots of long haul trucks obtained and used outside of California.

      So, odds are that the long haul trucks end up being unaffected(registered and purchased elsewhere), and it's mainly the intrastate trucks that need to meet the 50% - of which a huge portion would be local, and thus fine with EV.

      • by dgatwood ( 11270 ) on Saturday April 01, 2023 @12:56AM (#63416138) Homepage Journal

        Trick is, what's the ratio of local delivery vs long haul?

        If you set the cutoff at 500 miles (the maximum range of a Tesla Semi), it is 63% short-haul to 37% long-haul [truckpartsandservice.com]. Moving 50% of all new trucks to electric, then, should be easily within reach.

        Plus, lots of long haul trucks obtained and used outside of California.

        Only 9.6% of commercial trucks nationwide are licensed in California, serving 11.8% of the population. Unless your trucks are primarily driving in California, you'd be stupid to pay the exorbitant vehicle licensing fees. I rather suspect that with the exception of the owner-operator rigs owned by California residents, the trucks running back and forth from California to the other side of the country are probably all registered in whatever state has the cheapest licensing fees. :-D

        So, odds are that the long haul trucks end up being unaffected(registered and purchased elsewhere), and it's mainly the intrastate trucks that need to meet the 50% - of which a huge portion would be local, and thus fine with EV.

        The long-haul trucks would be entirely unaffected (see the numbers above), along with up to about one-fifth of the regional routes. 50% shouldn't be a high bar, IMO, unless manufacturers artificially drag their heels. :-)

    • by Canberra1 ( 3475749 ) on Friday March 31, 2023 @11:37PM (#63416082)
      Mod up. Yes Energy Density is what these brainless politicians/committees need to understand. Hauling heavy dirt/rock/steel/sand/lumber/liquids/bricks/tiles will NOT be possible, in a practical sense. And I would not like an auxiliary generator running in the back whilst carrying hay bales or flammable liquids. Secondly the reliability of truck sized battery packs are unproven, given amperage wear and tear is not linear. This of batteries catching file on a Jet plane when introduced, or cables loosing their insulation because or all the shaking/vibration. Telsla's have been on the road for over 10 years, and we are just getting some idea of long term performance. Also noteworthy is trucking hubs, that were kicked out of cities on the fringes. With the price of real estate, there is no space to charge 200-1000 trucks in any major city downtown. The existing truck/container hubs are already too small. A solution to both are at least 10-20 years away.
      • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

        Mod up. Yes Energy Density is what these brainless politicians/committees need to understand. Hauling heavy dirt/rock/steel/sand/lumber/liquids/bricks/tiles will NOT be possible, in a practical sense.

        You're joking, right? The Tesla Semi, in its longest-range configuration, has a 500-mile range with a total combined vehicle weight (tandem) of 82,000 pounds. That is basically enough for any load that can be carried legally by truck, assuming you ignore the loss in cargo capacity resulting from the heavier cab contributing more to the total maximum weight.

        This of batteries catching file on a Jet plane when introduced, or cables loosing their insulation because or all the shaking/vibration.

        Trucks are not jet aircraft. Tesla has been putting cars on the road for a long, long time, and apart from the higher maximum amperage draw (which is

        • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

          Mod up. Yes Energy Density is what these brainless politicians/committees need to understand. Hauling heavy dirt/rock/steel/sand/lumber/liquids/bricks/tiles will NOT be possible, in a practical sense.

          You're joking, right? The Tesla Semi, in its longest-range configuration, has a 500-mile range with a total combined vehicle weight (tandem) of 82,000 pounds. That is basically enough for any load that can be carried legally by truck, assuming you ignore the loss in cargo capacity resulting from the heavier cab contributing more to the total maximum weight.

          I just realized that was probably intended to be in the context of long-haul trucking. In that limited context, you're right.

          That said, the goal is only 50% of trucks over 14,000 pounds, and way fewer than half of all class 4 to class 8 trucks are involved in long-haul trucking beyond 500 miles (about 37% as a percentage of routes). And since some of those are presumably owned by big companies with multi-state presence, the percentage of trucks registered in California used for long-haul trucking is proba

      • by tragedy ( 27079 )

        And I would not like an auxiliary generator running in the back whilst carrying hay bales or flammable liquids.

        Yes, I imagine you wouldn't want a nasty, dangerous, flammable ICE engine in your truck... Wait? What?

        • Diesel truck engines (in front) are very reliable and do not catch fire easily, and if they do, noticed by the driver. Refrigerated containers are always short lead affairs. There are a few cars with batteries in the trunk, that are known to catch fire.Thick heavy duty high amperage cables , and oxidized connectors are the weakness. Electricians are scared of high amperage DC cables. I can also say battery operated vehicles that have lots of hills and climbing, never get the rated fuel/distance range procla
          • by tragedy ( 27079 )

            None of this is a reason why fears of a backup generator lighting the vehicle on fire would not be overblown.

    • by narcc ( 412956 )

      That's quite the imagination you've got there.

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by tragedy ( 27079 )

      You can do local delivery with EVs, but I don't think you can do long haul with lots of cargo due to battery capacity limitation. Because of that, I suspect there will be less deliveries to California by road and few shipping companies that would do it would run specialty trucks with a diesel generator in a trailer charging while driving.

      You can do it, you just need big enough batteries. If you want to match a truck with a 300 gallon tank that can go about 1,800 miles on a fill up, you need around 9 tons of lithium batteries (costing around $360K). That's a lot of weight, but not unthinkable. To take the longest point to point route in the country without needing to stop to charge at all you would need about 17.5 tons of batteries. Even that could be doable, although you would be seriously eating into the amount of cargo you could haul. Whe

      • by Teun ( 17872 )
        Because of the issues you mention like the weight of the required batteries these trucks are probably better off with a Hydrogen fed fuel cell.
        Yes it is rather inefficient to make (green) hydrogen but carrying 25% of your load as batteries is also inefficient.
  • by couchslug ( 175151 ) on Friday March 31, 2023 @10:27PM (#63416016)

    Early BEV delivery trucks including "heavy" trucks of the early 1900s era were popular for short haul fleets which recharged off-hours.

    If recharge speed isan issue, just buy more tractors. Full torque at zero RPM is nice too especially for urban use. Seaport container transfer will be popular.

    • Yep, here is my favorite [wikimedia.org], 5 ton, hub motors, 4WS, 4WD, regen. On routes bringing stuff down off the top of a mountain they could charge themselves from regen on the downhill. They were also equipped and sold as series hybrids.

  • by Anon42Answer ( 6662006 ) on Friday March 31, 2023 @11:58PM (#63416108)

    All State, County, and City vehicles in California should be 100% EV before imposing such draconian (and unattainable) restrictions of business and residents. The Government should lead by example. Newsom has failed on this point.
    Police vehicles, trash trucks, ambulances, fire trucks, politicians vehicles, etc should all be done first.

    • All State, County, and City vehicles in California should be 100% EV before imposing such draconian (and unattainable) restrictions of business and residents. The Government should lead by example. Newsom has failed on this point. Police vehicles, trash trucks, ambulances, fire trucks, politicians vehicles, etc should all be done first.

      +1 Insightful...if I had mod points

      If a government is trying to move it's society in a different direction, EV in this case, set the example for all to follow and "eat your own dog food" (convert to an all EV fleet).

      • set the example for all to follow

        If you waited for the government (those infamously agile and fast developing organisations) to do anything you'd still be reading this message via telegram lit by a wax candle.

    • You missed the "where feasible" clause. Government decides what is feasible, and it may not feasible for all government fleets, or large political donors. Business as usual.
    • Their requirement isn't particularly draconian or unattainable. They're only requiring that half of new heavy-duty vehicles sold in 2035 be electric, which looks like it should be doable. They're only going to require that all running medium/heavy-duty vehicles are electric by 2045, and even then only when feasible.

      Your own requirement, however? You want every single one of their vehicles -- not just new vehicles but every one they own -- to be electric before they can even begin making regulations for othe

    • All State, County, and City vehicles in California should be 100% EV before imposing such draconian (and unattainable) restrictions of business and residents.

      1) Why should it be 100% when the standard they're imposing is 50%? Shouldn't you be agitating for 50%?
      2) What makes you imagine that sales being 50% by 2035 is unattainable? You couldn't comply with what the headlines says for sure (typical editor fail) but it's quite conceivable that the new heavy truck sales will be 50% electric in 12 years. The total number of units is not very big, and there's plenty of short trips being made by heavy trucks which could be filled by EVs.

      Now, what actually wouldn't work

  • Who gets to decide this? Please, please, can it be me? I will charge only however much you can afford to tell you whether or not it's feasible. It will have nothing to do with how much you pay me of course. Oh wait, it cannot be be, it will be the California government, and it will have nothing to do with how much you donate to the politicians in office.
  • Does it matter that there is not a single heavy duty commercially viable ev semi tractor on the road today, anywhere?

    Then again, we apparently live in a time where "insisting something strongly enough" passes for truth.

  • California getting a good one would not need any EPA waivers and would naturally incentivize truckers and commuters to save money. There is a lot of land more suited for solar farms than growing almonds long term, yet neighboring Nevada is way ahead at actually building the farms, why?

  • The only way this will be achieved is the same way it is being done for state and federal fleet requirement: price of ICE has to be jacked up to limit their sales in order to meet the mandate. Truck mfrs will have to simply charge a lot more for ICE trucks to meet their mandate.

    That means everything that relies on trucking will be more expensive. God only knows what it will mean for supply chains if electricity shortages develop.

    On the bright side, I hate that I have to breathe all that diesel pollution.

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