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Transportation

First Transatlantic Flight Using 100% Sustainable Jet Fuel Takes Off (theguardian.com) 106

The first transatlantic flight by a commercial airliner fully powered by "sustainable" jet fuel has taken off from London Heathrow. From a report: Tuesday's Virgin Atlantic flight, partly funded by the UK government, has been hailed by the aviation industry and ministers as a demonstration of the potential to significantly cut net carbon emissions from flying, although scientists and environmental groups are extremely sceptical. Airlines have previously flown on a blend of up to 50% of alternative fuels, called sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), and flight VS100 is operating under special dispensation with no paying passengers, using fuel made mostly from tallow and other waste products.

One of those onboard, the transport secretary, Mark Harper, said: "Today's 100% SAF-powered flight shows how we can decarbonise transport both now and in the future, cutting lifecycle emissions by 70% and inspiring the next generation of solutions." Rishi Sunak said the flight was "a major milestone towards making air travel more environmentally friendly and decarbonising our skies." Virgin Atlantic said the flight to New York would show that SAF was a safe replacement for normal kerosene jet fuel. The Virgin Atlantic founder and president, Sir Richard Branson, also onboard, said: "The world will always assume something can't be done, until you do it."

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First Transatlantic Flight Using 100% Sustainable Jet Fuel Takes Off

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  • by rossdee ( 243626 ) on Tuesday November 28, 2023 @11:45AM (#64038363)

    Its still emitting CO2

    The only sustainable fuel would be Hydrogen (or maybe ammonia)

    • by timeOday ( 582209 ) on Tuesday November 28, 2023 @12:09PM (#64038449)
      Hydrogen requires cryogenic conditions to have decent space efficiency and is a pollutant when it leaks.

      But combine it with carbon, you have synfuel, which is fuel. The carbon is released when you burn it, but it's just the carbon you put in previously.

      Or if you want to take a half-step first, you can make the hydrogen from natural gas instead of hydrolysis.

      Combustion of synfuel will still create some NOx which is not ideal, so it would still be better to convert most ground transportation to batteries instead of synfuel. Also the cost of making synfuel will not be competitive with charging a battery. But to keep aviation going sustainably, synfuel will work.

      • by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

        But combine it with carbon, you have synfuel, which is fuel. The carbon is released when you burn it, but it's just the carbon you put in previously. Or if you want to take a half-step first, you can make the hydrogen from natural gas instead of hydrolysis.

        At which point you should just have burned the natural gas in the first place and taken whatever carbon you were going to use to make your synfuel and bury it in the ground, which would be cleaner and far more efficient.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        The issue is where you got that carbon from. Few sources don't add more CO2 to the atmosphere in total.

        • Yeah that can get subjective. If you capture CO2 far from any large source [iea.org], it feels more honest but is less efficient. But if you capture it close to a highly concentrated source like a coal or cement plant, it's much more efficient but you'll be accused of greenwashing - which is true if you call both the synfuel and coal "clean."
    • Emitting CO2 is sustainable, plants and animals have been doing it for millions of years. The question is how much C, where does it come from, and where it is released. In that sense, Hydrogen is also not sustainable if released in the upper atmosphere. Ammonia can be problematic also, because its combustion gives NO and NO2, which react with ozone in the troposphere (https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022GL101439).
    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      No, *sustainability* is not a property of any single point in the system, it is a property of the system *as a whole* -- from the ultimate energy source to the tailpipe. So *in theory* if you were to generate your aviation fuel from a crop like switchgrass (a perennial contender here), it *might* not matter if your airplane emitted CO2; every ton of CO2 emitted that way *might* be offset by CO2 captured by the switchgrass.

      This actually works both ways. If you were to fuel your airplane with hydrogen, the

    • Fuel has Inherent problems. Notably that in order to get good efficiency you need high heat and therefore produce NOx. To solve that in automobiles we just DEF injection with SCR. But you can't put a catalyst on a jet engine. You would just be reducing the efficiency again. So you can have reasonably good efficiency or reasonably good emissions but not both while oxidizing with atmospheric gasses, the only oxidizer reasonably available.

    • Nobody ever claimed it wasn't outputting CO2 into the air, so nice straw man.

      This is novel because we're using carbon that came from the air to make jet fuel, instead of carbon that came from deep underground where it's sequestered and better for us all to stay there. And if you're following along, if the carbon we are using as refined hydrocarbon fuel came from the air, it can be taken out of the air again via the same process: photosynthesis.

    • You could alway fly a Zeppelin from Frankfurt to Lakehurst.
  • The best solution to this problem is mice running on treadmills.

  • by iAmWaySmarterThanYou ( 10095012 ) on Tuesday November 28, 2023 @11:49AM (#64038377)

    1) The fuel is from used cooking oil.
    2) They claim 70% carbon reduction for full life cycle, not 100% as implied as per incorrect headline
    3) Article says this doesn't scale (presumably because used cooking oil doesn't exist in necessary volumes but don't actually say that)
    4) Flight was subsidized by the UK tax payers

    I like fresh air and clean water as much as the next geek but this looks like greenwashing bullshit wasting funds that could have gone into research into something that would actually scale.

    And I wonder where used cooking oil normally goes if not burned to fly a plane and was that taken into account into their calculations.

    • by Rei ( 128717 )

      And I wonder where used cooking oil normally goes if not burned to fly a plane

      Biodiesel, animal feed, soaps/detergents, waste-to-energy, etc.

      But yeah, there's not some vast, transport-replacing quantities available.

    • More fried food FTW?

    • They don't claim it's 100% carbon neutral but rather that it was 100% from cooking oil, not 50%
      • My gripe on that one is the local slashdot headline implying 100% carbon neutral with clever word choices. I found the headline intellectually dishonest. The actual article is honest about the numbers.

        • by q_e_t ( 5104099 )

          My gripe on that one is the local slashdot headline implying 100% carbon neutral with clever word choices.

          It doesn't imply that, though, and the summary notes 70% carbon emission reduction. You don't even have to read the article to fund that out

          • Yes that's in the summary which is article copy/paste. The headline is locally generated and left a bad taste in my mouth. I'm making a distinction between article content from original source and local headline content from editor.

            The first I'm good with. The second was distasteful and felt manipulative.

    • by gavron ( 1300111 )

      You say great things and ask excellent questions and if I had any points to upvote you I would.

      1: Used cooking oil still has a lot of energy density BUT DON'T WORRY JUST YET because it's not thrown out.
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

      2. The carbon reduction is actually worse than 70% because the "used" oil must be decontaminated, filtered, and then burned, and even that burn is "dirty" so hydrocarbons are released. It's what makes SpaceX Stage 1 black-soot dirty, and why SAF should stick with natural prod

      • regarding your 3rd bullet: even if a grease trap holds 2000 gallons, nobody allows an operational grease trap to totally fill up before draining. additionally, presuming a full 2000 gallon grease trap is possible, it takes more than 3x grease traps volume to produce 6000 gallons of aviation fuel due to the refining - you can't just pour pork & chicken fat into a turbofan engine (cf your 2nd bullet item)
      • by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

        If you like, you can call 24 tons 6000 gallons.

        24 tons of JET-A is around 7100 gallons, so the case is even worse than you present.

        • by dryeo ( 100693 )

          It's an UK flight so proper gallons, which means 24 tons is 6000 gallons or 27,288 litres.

    • by Zak3056 ( 69287 )

      (presumably because used cooking oil doesn't exist in necessary volumes but don't actually say that)

      Given that Yesterday's story [slashdot.org] noted that Heathrow alone consumed 20 million liters of jet fuel daily, I'd say your reasoning is absolutely the reason this does not scale... more than 7 billion liters of waste cooking oil yearly for one single airport seems like a nonstarter.

    • 3) Article says this doesn't scale (presumably because used cooking oil doesn't exist in necessary volumes but don't actually say that)

      You don't need to use cooking oil. SAF can be produced from any type of oil or fat. The plant I'm working on at the moment uses tallow. The biggest issue in scale is not the raw ingredient, it's the processing supply. There's very few SAF plants currently in the world, so few that in the EU there's currently no path to hitting even the French government's target, let alone the wider EU target. There will need to be a fundamental market change to support this. But like any green change that market change wil

    • by stikves ( 127823 )

      It is good, but not all great

      Whether purchasing used cooking oil for biofuels or animal products, “used cooking oil is actually worth more than fresh oil now because of the demand for green diesel and biodiesel,” Kiesel said.

      It produces much less carbon emissions. I am not sure how much extra energy is spent during filtering the oil (from food particles), and refining. Nevertheless it is just "waste" being repurposed into cleaner fuel (compared to gasoline).

      However... as others mentioned there i

    • The summary says tallow, I guess given the abject horror of British food they may still use that there for cooking oil.

      No product of animal agriculture can be considered sustainable on a planet with 8 billion humans.

  • Good old Branson (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Viol8 ( 599362 ) on Tuesday November 28, 2023 @11:51AM (#64038381) Homepage

    He'll never let a bandwagon go by without jumping on it.

    This is nothing but greenwash. Scaling up is almost impossible as there simply isn't enough waste source oil/fat. This is just odl Richard polishing his phoney eco credentials once again while in the meantime he's sending rich millionaires up to the Karman Line using one of the most filthy solid fuel rockets Virgin Galactic could have chosen.

    • by q_e_t ( 5104099 ) on Tuesday November 28, 2023 @12:28PM (#64038533)
      Ryanair will expect you to bring your own waste cooking oil or charge you extra.
    • Yeah, this is the billionaire's version of running your diesel on fry oil. The first guys who got free oil from restaurants drove like kings. Maybe it still goes on some places; but people caught on and the used oil has a market now.

    • Scaling up is almost impossible as there simply isn't enough waste source oil/fat.

      I'm sure we can find you saying electric cars aren't viable due to lack of lithium
      I'm sure we can find you saying solar panels aren't viable due to lack of rare earth metals.
      I'm sure we can find some other non-green related comments of yours saying something isn't viable simply because you don't understand the basics of supply and demand or market economics.

      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        It's true, we can grow oil instead of food. I'm already paying 50% more for Canola oil as the Americans are buying it for fuel. Next will be replacing wheat with rapeseed, assuming it has the same water requirements. Wiki says that with climate change, it will be less cultivable. Also says needs a lot of fertilizer, especially nitrogen and sulfur along with good soil. Possibly replacing it with other species of Brassica would help but we're still trading farming for food with farming for energy in a world w

      • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

        Says someone who doesn't have a clue just how much fuel is required for worldwide aviation.

  • Yeah, um... (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Rei ( 128717 ) on Tuesday November 28, 2023 @11:51AM (#64038385) Homepage

    ... I'd pay extra to NOT fly on a plane powered by burning tallow.

    The last thing I want to do is to increase the value of meat waste, thus making the meat industry more profitable.

    • What's the reason for it increasing meat prices? I presume if people can drink left over cooking fat they don't rush off to gnaw on a cow? I presume there's a mechanism else you wouldn't have mentioned it but I'm trying to ask in an amusing way
    • The last thing I want to do is to increase the value of meat waste, thus making the meat industry more profitable.

      Don't worry, I'm sure my consumption of dead animal more than keeps the industry profitable as it is...

      ;)

  • What a fascinating [quickmeme.com] story! Surely this heralds a global transformation to sustainable fuels. After all it's not like we could already make oil from corn or algae or anything. 80 years ago. [wikipedia.org] This is much more interesting than actual advances in the technology and not at all a publicity stunt. Good job, editors!
  • Sustainable and decarbonizing are 2 different things. Anytime you burn something, excluding hydrogen, you expel carbon into the atmosphere. Renewable means the fuel comes from an easily replenish able source, which can and does emit carbon. Burring tallow, or animal fat, seems on the surface interring. But the devil is in the details, like how much energy does it take to turn fat into a useable fuel. Hopefully this isn't another ethanol debacle, farm/gimme that uses more energy to create and distribute
    • by Rei ( 128717 )

      Why would you use hydrogen as an aircraft fuel rather than sticking a (renewable or waste) carbon on it (aka, methane fuel instead)?

      Hydrogen has atrocious energy density and awful handling and safety qualities (read: cost), both on the ground and in the air, compared to methane. Even rocketry, where you can afford to spend insane amounts of money to use something if it'll give you a slight performance boost, has been moving away from hydrogen. And unlike in rockets, which quickly leave the atmosphere, dra

      • The trucking and aviation industries seem to be putting a fair bit of private money into hydrogen and not into synthetic fuel, I'm going to guess they judge it more expensive.

        Also into SAF, but that's just an excuse to keep the status quo as long as possible.

        • by Rei ( 128717 )

          The trucking and aviation industries seem to be putting a fair bit of private money into hydrogen

          Product demonstrators for PR blurbs and tax credits are not a serious effort. It's similar to the auto industry's stalling on EVs from the 90s to the early 2010s while putting out fancy press releases about their prototype hydrogen cars.

          • Daimler&Co were investing Billions before the Green Deal and EU response freed up public money for Hydrogen.

            You could of course argue they were just trying to get ahead of the game to get it, but still ... they could have done that with synthetic fuel too.

      • No where did I suggest hydrogen should be used for aircraft fuel. you read wayyyy too munch into my post. All I was saying is that the headline and article confused 2 different concepts. sustainability and decarbonization. .
      • Comment removed based on user account deletion
        • Ditto hydrogen for the same reasons.

        • by Rei ( 128717 )

          What made you think we were talking about compressed natural gas?

          They're talking about liquid hydrogen, and I'm talking about liquid methane. The big problem with compressed gasses isn't even the density - it's the tankage weight.

          • Comment removed based on user account deletion
            • by Rei ( 128717 )

              Liquid Hydrogen isn't appreciably better than CNG for volumetric energy density.

              "Liquid hydrogen is awful" is exactly the point I was making!

              LNG gets you up to 22MJ/L, which is better, but still only 62% of what jet fuel brings to the table

              First off, 62% is close enough! Planes rarely need to fly halfway around the planet without stopping; that's a tiny minority of flights, and not an exclusive requirement. 4000km is still NY to LA nonstop. The average US passenger flight is a mere 800km. Further, this is

              • by Rei ( 128717 )

                Oh, and we totally forgot to account for the fact that a plane full of liquid methane, even accounting for the more challenging tankage requirements, is probably lighter than a plane full of jet fuel (though it depends a lot on the details - for example, boiloff is not only fine but actually desirable (self-pressurizing), but you don't want to ice your wings in the process, so we get to an insulation discussion). Definitely heavier tankage, but the fuel has 23% more energy per kg, which is a very big differ

              • Comment removed based on user account deletion
                • by Rei ( 128717 )

                  With one exception (an A321 on jetBlue), the 737 has accounted for every domestic flight

                  You boldfaced the wrong word. Let me fix that for you: "With one exception (an A321 on jetBlue), the 737 has accounted for every domestic flight "

                  The simple fact is, there is no issue designing planes to hold more fuel. Domestic flights don't have more fuel capacity not because it's impossible, but simply because it's not needed. I'll repeat: the mean domestic flight in the US is a mere 800km.

                  If your market wants 600

                  • by Rei ( 128717 )

                    Let me rephrase this in a different way:

                    All but four countries on earth are responsible for less than 3% of global carbon emissions - does that mean that countries with the emission of Japan or smaller shouldn't do anything, because anything under 3% doesn't matter?

                    Everything is a small percentage, because the total is such a mind-bogglingly large number. 3% of carbon emissions is still a MASSIVE amount of emissions, and at any reasonable value for carbon is more than worth the development of new aircraft p

                  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • I think one argument against methane is that any leakage causes a lot of damage. Maybe some other -ane would be better
        • by Rei ( 128717 )

          Define damage. If you're talking physical damage risks, hydrogen is way worse. If you're talking greenhouse gases, hydrogen is also a greenhouse gas worse than CO2 (though to be fair not as bad as methane). But unlike methane it's also an ozone destroyer.

    • Anytime you burn something, excluding hydrogen, you expel carbon into the atmosphere.

      I'm pretty sure I can burn magnesium and not expel carbon into the atmosphere. That's not saying magnesium makes a practical fuel for aircraft, it's merely one example to prove your statement wrong. Another example, and possibly a practical fuel for aircraft, is ammonia. I could go on.

      Burring tallow, or animal fat, seems on the surface interring.

      Huh? If the animal fat is burned then it is not interred.

      But the devil is in the details, like how much energy does it take to turn fat into a useable fuel.

      Even if the fuel production was a huge energy sink it is still useful since it enables us to maintain transportation without use of fossil fuels. We should certainl

  • ....But still horrifically polluting, not sustainable, not scaleable ...

  • Does that mean Heathrow is going to smell of fish and chips from now on?
  • token gesture (Score:2, Interesting)

    by roman_mir ( 125474 )

    Airplane travel is already more than twice as efficient from point of view of fuel consumption as travel by car or by bus, I won't get into debate about trains, in case if they are diesel powered or use electricity from 'dirty' sources.

    Airplane travel makes about 2.4% of total CO2 emissions in the USA and around 1.7% globally. Is it a huge number? Well, our total CO2 production is close to 50 Billion tons per year, so it's large in absolute values but the gains from addressing other issues would be so muc

    • We'd test carbon neutral fuels in aircraft first because that is where they have more margins to take on the extra cost, have more trained people watching closely for issues with the fuel, have the largest PR battles to fight on global warming, and is far from trivial on converting to batteries or some other means of energy storage. If they can make synthesized fuels work for the airline industry then it could find it's way into other industries, including the cars we drive everyday. The airline industry

    • by Ichijo ( 607641 )

      Airplane travel is already more than twice as efficient from point of view of fuel consumption as travel by car or by bus,

      To compare apples and apples, a fully occupied long distance bus gets 330 passenger-mpg [wikipedia.org] (which is almost as good as electric high-speed rail) while a jetliner only gets around 100 passenger-mpg at best. [wikipedia.org]

      air travel is much simpler to provide than to build infinite number of tracks and roads.

      How many tens of billions do you think it would cost to add another runway to LAX or SFO?

      So you s

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • You didn't need that catalytic converter anyway. Just add the $1500 replacement cost to your train ticket math. :-)

      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        Of course trains in N. America have to pay for their track, including in some of the USA land taxes on that track and passenger trains have to rent the use of the track from the railroad companies and run on their schedule. Basically passenger rail in N. America is mostly fucked for various reasons.
        Better comparison would be how much to ship a few tons of freight compared to air, especially if the air freight service had to pay the full price for the airport. Even compared to trucks, trains are much more ef

    • Airplane travel is already more than twice as efficient from point of view of fuel consumption as travel by car or by bus,

      This is not true. The best long haul planes get ~100 mpg US per passenger. A Toyota Prius won't beat that, if it only has the driver. By the time it has two occupants, the plane is in second place. Electric cars are better still. Long distance buses can get 12mpg, so when full utterly destroy planes for efficiency.

      The only times buses lose are (a) when in a country that does shit buses s

      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        Have to figure in the trip to the airport compared to the trip to the bus depot as well. Wife took the bus about 300 miles recently, 10 miles to the bus depot and another 8 at the other end. Airport would have been 30 miles and 40 miles, doubled as she got driven at both ends. Travel time including screwing around at the airport was about the same.

  • but can it melt steel beams?!

  • ... how they can actually produce enough of that to power a noticable number of planes, they might call it sustainable. Unfortunately this is probably just some "Synthfuel" project that would, if implemented on a large scale, multiply our total demand for electricity.

  • TL;DR -

    A turbine engine [snip] and typically can run on any combustible fuel including Diesel, Jet A, Jet B, cooking oil, etc. There is no press release needed here except to say "Richard Branson ... VIrgin... jet engine... ran on fuel... that jet engines run on."

    Great. The only real "achievement" here is governmental agreement to allow a pax-free flight of length to test this out. If you think THAT is important, think again. Tests on the ground have run engines on these fuels for DAYS not hours with no

    • Turbines can run on a lot of crap but it doesnt mean it does them any good. Waste cooking oil has a small percentage of water in it. Not what you want in fuel lines at 30K feet and -60C. It can also have other minor components such as acids. Getting the picture?

      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        Probably why he mentioned,

        , the expensive and nasty process of cleaning it up, and then using it as turbine fuel.

  • ..how I turn my phone into e-waste every 6 years instead of the average 2.5 years. I opt to nominate the word "sustainable" to be the word with the most stretched meaning 2023.
  • So, the plane took off with a new fuel. Since most people don't see the headline until after the plane would have safely landed or crashed, why not why not at least tell us where it was going or if it was just a local test flight going nowhere.

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