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IBM

Lynn Conway, Leading Computer Scientist and Transgender Pioneer, Dies At 85 (latimes.com) 155

Lynn Conway, a pioneering computer scientist who made significant contributions to VLSI design and microelectronics, and a prominent advocate for transgender rights, died Sunday from a heart condition. She was 85. Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Michael Hiltzik remembers Conway in a column for the Los Angeles Times: As I recounted in 2020, I first met Conway when I was working on my 1999 book about Xerox PARC, Dealers of Lightning, for which she was a uniquely valuable source. In 2000, when she decided to come out as transgender, she allowed me to chronicle her life in a cover story for the Los Angeles Times Magazine titled "Through the Gender Labyrinth." That article traced her journey from childhood as a male in New York's strait-laced Westchester County to her decision to transition. Years of emotional and psychological turmoil followed, even as he excelled in academic studies. [Conway earned bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Columbia University in 1961, quickly joining a team at IBM to design the world's fastest supercomputer. Despite personal success, she faced significant emotional turmoil, leading to her decision to transition in 1968. Initially supportive, IBM ultimately fired Conway due to their inability to reconcile her transition with the company's conservative image.]

The family went on welfare for three months. Conway's wife barred her from contact with her daughters. She would not see them again for 14 years. Beyond the financial implications, the stigma of banishment from one of the world's most respected corporations felt like an excommunication. She sought jobs in the burgeoning electrical engineering community around Stanford, working her way up through start-ups, and in 1973 she was invited to join Xerox's brand new Palo Alto Research Center, or PARC. In partnership with Caltech engineering professor Carver Mead, Conway established the design rules for the new technology of "very large-scale integrated circuits" (or, in computer shorthand, VLSI). The pair laid down the rules in a 1979 textbook that a generation of computer and engineering students knew as "Mead-Conway."

VLSI fostered a revolution in computer microprocessor design that included the Pentium chip, which would power millions of PCs. Conway spread the VLSI gospel by creating a system in which students taking courses at MIT and other technical institutions could get their sample designs rendered in silicon. Conway's life journey gave her a unique perspective on the internal dynamics of Xerox's unique lab, which would invent the personal computer, the laser printer, Ethernet, and other innovations that have become fully integrated into our daily lives. She could see it from the vantage point of an insider, thanks to her experience working on IBM's supercomputer, and an outsider, thanks to her personal history.

After PARC, she was recruited to head a supercomputer program at the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA -- sailing through her FBI background check so easily that she became convinced that the Pentagon must have already encountered transgender people in its workforce. A figure of undisputed authority in some of the most abstruse corners of computing, Conway was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1989. She joined the University of Michigan as a professor and associate dean in the College of Engineering. In 2002 she married a fellow engineer, Charles Rogers, and with him lived active life -- with a shared passion for white-water canoeing, motocross racing and other adventures -- on a 24-acre homestead not far from Ann Arbor, Mich.
In 2020, Conway received a formal apology from IBM for firing her 52 years earlier. Diane Gherson, an IBM senior vice president, told her, "Thanks to your courage, your example, and all the people who followed in your footsteps, as a society we are now in a better place.... But that doesn't help you, Lynn, probably our very first employee to come out. And for that, we deeply regret what you went through -- and know I speak for all of us."
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Lynn Conway, Leading Computer Scientist and Transgender Pioneer, Dies At 85

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  • by La Gris ( 531858 ) <<lea.gris> <at> <noiraude.net>> on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @02:49AM (#64542613) Homepage

    Lynn Conway has certainly participated in and contributed to the birth of many technologies that serve all or most of us as IT professionals.
    I wasn't aware of her gender history, but I'm actually wondering why it's here. It's rather off-topic here on SlashDot when her achievements as an engineer are so remarkable.

    • by TJHook3r ( 4699685 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @03:25AM (#64542635)
      I guess because most of the hiring decisions showed meritocracy and acceptance (although IBM fired her and very much later apologised)? It would be like talking about Alan Turing without mentioning the shabby treatment he received from the British government
      • It would be like talking about Alan Turing without mentioning the shabby treatment he received from the British governmen

        Here is the problem: too many times we are talking about personalities instead of "stuff that matters"

        • too many times we are talking about personalities instead of "stuff that matters"

          People matter.

          People's feelings matter.

          People's lives matter.

          You don't seem to believe any of those things.

          I'm surprised you're not off somewhere talking to a virtual girlfriend that always tells you what you want to hear.

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by AleRunner ( 4556245 )

      I'm actually wondering why it's here. It's rather off-topic here on SlashDot when her achievements as an engineer are so remarkable.

      She's here because of her achievements in computer science which make her at least an honorary nerd and because she's just died which makes her news. This is the most important passage in her obituary and probably the bit she'd like everyone to read. This is news for nerds and reminds us nerds have personal lives too, which sometimes intersect with their professional lives.

      • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @06:11AM (#64542917)

        I don't think you understood the parent's post. He wasn't questioning why the news of her passing was here, but rather why her views on sexuality are of any relevance on a Slashdot story. Today is the first I've heard of those, yet I'm familiar with the rest of what she did. Hence: why mention it in a post that is supposed to celebrate her achievements on a tech site?

        • It's a core part of her story as a person, I guess...

          • by laie_techie ( 883464 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @10:19AM (#64543615)

            It's a core part of her story as a person, I guess...

            The article title got me wondering why transgender was mentioned. Her accomplishments in engineering were enough to list her passing. Then I read the summary. "transgender pioneer" referred to her being among the first to champion transgender rights. This was news to me and helps paint her as a real person whose existence goes beyond computers.

        • by necro81 ( 917438 )

          Hence: why mention it in a post that is supposed to celebrate her achievements on a tech site?

          Because people are more (hopefully a lot more) than a list of their professional accomplishments. When you die, would you like the whole of your eulogy to be "thegarbz pioneered the TPS report, and was instrumental in ensuring that the new coversheet was included." ?

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            by La Gris ( 531858 )

            I question the gender/sexual orientation mental sanity discussions (or mostly shaming flame-wars) here for a person who has achieved so much incredible feats with her tech expertise. I have so little interest in knowing the intimate details of her special being, even less interest in debating her mental sanity or her legitimacy to self-define as a woman and all the stuff that could relate to trans persons. I consider those topics to be off place here, period.

            I also feel it irritating that the LGBTQ+whatever

            • This feels so much off-topic here and a so insignificant topic for any average person.

              There's a little bit of control freak in all of us. As long as any group doesn't try to limit my freedom I just ignore them, not try to change the world to suit my tastes. This is Lynn's epitaph and it is what it is. If this was a shocking new revelation to everyone you could have a point (a very small narrow minded one.) Whats next burning all the books on the "gay" subjects, I think my state is trying that now.

            • Gender and sexual orientation are not good public topics

              Bullshit, puritan.

              Gender and sexual orientation are real issues which matter.

              Claiming we shouldn't discuss them publicly is only trying to hide abuse so that it can continue.

        • "why her views on sexuality are of any relevance on a Slashdot story"

          Because her technical achievements cannot be separated from the fact that those achievements were rejected on that basis despite their technical validity.

        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          by AdaStarks ( 2634757 )

          Sorry to nitpick, but her sexuality wasn't explicitly brought up. Her gender, on the other hand, was.

          As for why it's relevant:
          1) The history of her struggles with dysphoria and transition are integral to her employment history, hence her career, hence her accomplishments
          2) There are quite a lot of trans women in tech, and at least a couple on this site
          3) Trans people are the target of a culture war being led by the right, and highlighting the ways in which trans people have contributed to society and the wo

    • by MacMann ( 7518492 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @04:16AM (#64542715)

      If there is a woman that is being touted as breaking some barriers for women in science and engineering it might be an important detail to know that "she" lived as a man for the first 30 years of "her" life. What might also be important was that this wasn't some matter of "being assigned male at birth" which can happen with people that have ambiguous genitalia but Conway was so clearly male to have fathered two children. Maybe I'm mistaken on the details and the children were adopted, Conway had some birth defect that induced this gender confusion, or there was some other detail I'm missing, but if the first woman that is "breaking gender barriers for women" lived half her life as a male then I'd think any barriers she broke might have to come with an asterisk.

      Imagine what might happen if the first woman on the moon was a 50 year old astronaut that lived as a male up until the age of 25 or so, and had been "male enough" to be married to a woman and father a child with her. Then the next several women on the moon were also those that had lived half their lives as males, with a few of them also clearly being "male enough" to father children. Would not it be notable when there is a woman on the moon that was born a woman, and was "woman enough" to have given birth to children naturally? Would that not be as much, if not more, of a "gender barrier" than having been one of the astronauts that consisted of men and people that lived half their lives as men?

      Are women pleased to know that a pioneer of women in science and engineering lived as a man until he had a masters degree in electrical engineering and worked at IBM for years as a man? That doesn't sound like someone breaking gender barriers exactly. Half the struggle for a woman would be getting taken seriously enough to get into an engineering program in the 1960s. If the only way for a woman to break that barrier is to live as a man until getting a graduate degree and working as an engineer for years then it doesn't quite carry the same kind of weight. That doesn't sound like the kind of life a stereotypical young woman could, or should, emulate on getting a career in engineering.

      So, sure, Conway appears to have been a very talented and ground breaking computer engineer and should be celebrated for such. What Conway is not is someone that broke down barriers for women in science and engineering. After Conway made the transition to being a woman "she" lost her job as an engineer and had to find work as a low level programmer, a kind of job a woman could get in the late 1960s and early 1970s because of women at NASA proving that women make damned good programmers years before. Those women were breaking down gender barriers far more than Conway had.

      Conway's life as a man for 30 years is notable because few women were getting an education in science and engineering at the time, and it would be by applying for any such program as a man that meant the application wasn't "lost in the mail" or having been forced out of the program before graduation by misogynist instructors and peers. If Conway did not have this education then we'd not likely have seen Conway do such pioneering work. It would be difficult to ignore that Conway lived as a man for much of his career, leaving that out of an obituary/biography would mean ignoring he fathered children in a previous marriage. His daughters exist, and he fathered them with the woman he had as a wife at the time. Those are just important life details, and certainly a matter of public record.

      In case people have not noticed I am struggling with the proper pronouns here. There's no "she is the father of two children" because women are not capable of fathering children by definition. Conway may have lived as a woman for decades but that doesn't erase the fact of being the father to two daughters.

    • by Rei ( 128717 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @04:17AM (#64542717) Homepage

      Why talk about Turing's sexuality?

      Conway - who co-invented not just VLSI, but also generalized dynamic instruction handling, used in out-of-order execution - came out when there were massive social penalties for doing so and few dared to do so, suffered greatly for it, losing her family and her promising career at IBM and having to start over. It was only decades later that she was "rediscovered", so to speak (she had been keeping a low profile out of fear of further negative consequences) and became a hero to the transgender community.

      It would be nice if we could stop driving off (or in Turing's case, leading to the suicide of) talented people in computer engineering over their personal lives.

      • by mjwx ( 966435 )

        Why talk about Turing's sexuality?

        Conway - who co-invented not just VLSI, but also generalized dynamic instruction handling, used in out-of-order execution - came out when there were massive social penalties for doing so and few dared to do so, suffered greatly for it, losing her family and her promising career at IBM and having to start over. It was only decades later that she was "rediscovered", so to speak (she had been keeping a low profile out of fear of further negative consequences) and became a hero to the transgender community.

        It would be nice if we could stop driving off (or in Turing's case, leading to the suicide of) talented people in computer engineering over their personal lives.

        Why?

        Their lives defined them as a person, which influenced what they did, why they did it, how they worked and what they accomplished.

        So it's very relevant, plus she (and Turing) ended up breaking a few barriers in society completely unrelated to technology, even though Turing didn't live to see it... So their personal accomplishments are just as important.

        Oh... you mean you're offended by it... well that's your problem sunshine.

      • Why do they need to talk about their personal lives on their workplace? Please separate work and private life and you won't have any problems with these two spheres "crashing" into each other.

        I think it is immoral to have children (adults forcing themselves upon children, without any kind of consent, duh!) but I STFU about that on work because all my colleges have children and would be very upset, and would probably refuse to work with me, if I told them that I think they are children abusers.

        These people a

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by drinkypoo ( 153816 )

      Lynn Conway has certainly participated in and contributed to the birth of many technologies that serve all or most of us as IT professionals.
      I wasn't aware of her gender history, but I'm actually wondering why it's here. It's rather off-topic here on SlashDot when her achievements as an engineer are so remarkable.

      You want to erase the person while praising the accomplishments so that you don't have to feel uncomfortable.

      • You want to erase the person

        You don't erase a person but not talking about the things they aren't known for. Quite the opposite. We are talking about her. Get a grip man.

    • by necro81 ( 917438 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @07:18AM (#64543057) Journal

      I wasn't aware of her gender history, but I'm actually wondering why it's here

      Three reasons.

      1) The author of the LA Times article chose to make it a major focus. Slashdot is a news aggregator - it doesn't write the source material.

      2) It's an important part of Conway's life story. One could have glossed the whole thing over by saying "Lynn worked at IBM for a while, and eventually found her way to Xerox PARC". But that would be such a naive retelling of history that it's downright dishonest. It would be as egregious an omission as an obit of Alan Turing, touting his accomplishments and brilliance, but never mentioning that a) he committed suicide, which is why his story ends rather young, or b) that he was persecuted as a gay man, and his "chemical castration" by the British government was a major contributor to his suicide.

      3) This is Pride Month, at a time when the rights gained by the LGBT+ community during Lynn's lifetime, for which she herself was a pioneer and advocate, are under substantial threat. Conway's death is coincidental, but telling about her life provides a timely reminder of the bad old days and the progress that has happened since.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      the fact that so many people here are very loudly uncomfortable with the topic being discussed at all is a sign that it isn't being discussed enough.

    • Lynn Conway has certainly participated in and contributed to the birth of many technologies that serve all or most of us as IT professionals.
      I wasn't aware of her gender history, but I'm actually wondering why it's here. It's rather off-topic here on SlashDot when her achievements as an engineer are so remarkable.

      I'm clueless in many things, but I wasn't even aware that Conway was a woman. To me, Mead and Conway was a book and a set of important technologies.

      Sadly, I'm not surprised that most comments on Slashdot concern her personal life and not her technological contributions. Slashdotters (myself included) like to think that we are enlightened and about the fray, but we're not.

    • I wasn't aware of her gender history, but I'm actually wondering why it's here. It's rather off-topic here on SlashDot when her achievements as an engineer are so remarkable.

      Initially, I had the same response. After some thought, it occurred to me that this is her last statement and she thought transgender issues were important, so while mostly irrelevant to rational people (why hate on others?), it helps to keep awareness that there are still many haters out there and to be kind.

  • Uncomfortable? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by VeryFluffyBunny ( 5037285 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @03:09AM (#64542629)
    Why so uncomfortable with talking about someone's personal life? She was trans & trans people typically have very difficult & challenging lives. Lynn Conway is all the more remarkable for managing to navigate the overt prejudices against her while achieving what she did. Shouldn't that be a lesson to us all?
    • by La Gris ( 531858 )

      Or it isn't a lesson to anyone. Why should it be? Everyone has a difficult life of its own if you ask. No praising and no bashing either. What she did was of much interest here on SlashDot. The rest of it may be of interest for trans people or trangender people. Otherwise it is just one individual private wierdness and this is it.

      • Some people have more difficult lives than others. Being trans in the USA is particularly difficult. Also, I wouldn't dismiss who someone is just because it makes you feel uncomfortable. Being a grown up is mostly about learning to control yourself & your feelings. Why make someone's difficult life even more difficult just because of your own prejudices?
  • by joeblog ( 2655375 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @04:01AM (#64542701) Homepage

    "Any organization that designs a system (broadly defined) will produce a design that mirrors the organization's communication structure."

    This is explains why bad software design and horrible corporations are so tightly entwined.

  • I'd say way too little way too late. That sounds like IBM trying to save face and erase historic corporate guilt, and in no way makes up for the immense damage done.

    • I'd say way too little way too late. That sounds like IBM trying to save face and erase historic corporate guilt, and in no way makes up for the immense damage done.

      IBM still hasn't apologized for providing IT services to the Nazi Holocaust, whether despite or because their president at the time knew it was occurring and was happy about it.

  • The Mead/Conway book made a huge impression on college student me. Coming so soon after our loss of Gordon Bell, it's making me feel old. All my heroes (of both genders) are passing away.

    RIP Dr Conway, and thanks for the ideas.

  • by mattr ( 78516 ) <<mattr> <at> <telebody.com>> on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @05:41AM (#64542839) Homepage Journal

    Thank god it's 2024 so we get to hear more about the lives of famous people that would have been covered up earlier. It struck me, and I'm not sure if it is just pattern matching or something real, that there seem to be multiple notable Conways and Sutherlands. Maybe they are not even related, maybe these are just common names, or maybe they are related! Just interested if anyone knows. Two of these stellar luminaries passed away in 2020..
    P.S. I just answered part of my question, the two Sutherlands are brothers! Thanks Wikipedia.

    Lynn Conway - Invented VLSI and Superscalar

    John Horton Conway - Discovered Surreal numbers, Conway's Game of Life, quantum Theory of Will. Princeton's past head of mathematics called him a "Magical Genius". Died April 2020 in New Jersey from Covid at 82. https://www.princeton.edu/news... [princeton.edu]

    Bert Sutherland - Worked with Lynn Conway, apparently managed SUN and Xerox PARC, and started ARPANet. Died Feb. 2020.

    Ivan Edward Sutherland - Father of Computer Graphics, Turing Award for 1988 invention of Sketchpad prototypical GUI. He is 86.

  • RIP (Score:4, Insightful)

    by dskoll ( 99328 ) on Wednesday June 12, 2024 @09:01AM (#64543343) Homepage

    RIP Lynn Conway. Back in the late 80s, we used the famous Mead and Conway "Introduction to VLSI Design" textbook and that got me launched on a satisfying 33-year high-tech career.

    For all the trolls who are butthurt about the fact that Lynn Conway was transgender... get a life. She transitioned to be happy, and by all accounts she did lead a very happy and productive life. Ask yourself what you've contributed to humanity before you snark about Conway.

  • She did cool shit and died happy. Can't ask for much more than that.

    ...laura

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