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Transportation Power

New Research Finds America's EV Chargers Are Just 78% Reliable (and Underfunded) (hbs.edu) 220

Harvard Business School has an "Institute for Business in Global Society" that explores the societal impacts of business. And they've recently published some new AI-powered research about EV charging infrastructure, according to the Institute's blog, conducted by climate fellow Omar Asensio.

"Asensio and his team, supported by Microsoft and National Science Foundation awards, spent years building models and training AI tools to extract insights and make predictions," using the reviews drivers left (in more than 72 languages) on the smartphone apps drivers use to pay for charging. And ultimately this research identified "a significant obstacle to increasing electric vehicle (EV) sales and decreasing carbon emissions in the United States: owners' deep frustration with the state of charging infrastructure, including unreliability, erratic pricing, and lack of charging locations..." [C]harging stations in the U.S. have an average reliability score of only 78%, meaning that about one in five don't work. They are, on average, less reliable than regular gas stations, Asensio said. "Imagine if you go to a traditional gas station and two out of 10 times the pumps are out of order," he said. "Consumers would revolt...." EV drivers often find broken equipment, making charging unreliable at best and simply not as easy as the old way of topping off a tank of gas. The reason? "No one's maintaining these stations," Asensio said.
One problem? Another blog post by the Institute notes that America's approach to public charging has differed sharply from those in other countries: In Europe and Asia, governments started making major investments in public charging infrastructure years ago. In America, the initial thinking was that private companies would fill the public's need by spending money to install charging stations at hotels, shopping malls and other public venues. But that decentralized approach failed to meet demand and the Biden administration is now investing heavily to grow the charging network and facilitate EV sales... "No single market actor has sufficient incentive to build out a national charging network at a pace that meets our climate goals," the report declared. Citing research and the experience of other countries, it noted that "policies that increase access to charging stations may be among the best policies to increase EV sales." But the U.S. is far behind other countries.
Thanks to Slashdot reader NoWayNoShapeNoForm for sharing the article.
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New Research Finds America's EV Chargers Are Just 78% Reliable (and Underfunded)

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  • by DrMrLordX ( 559371 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @07:50AM (#64606587)

    The summary mentions that charging stations are routinely out of order, and then goes on to mention that private undue isn't building out infrastructure quickly enough for EV charging stations. Yet there is no connecting of the dots between these two phenomena. Clearly some chargers have been built, but there's no mention of which parties are failing to maintain these chargers.

    • by jmccue ( 834797 )
      The charging station things annoy me. I do not know why Gas Stations could not get big tax breaks or some subsidizes to build them at their place.
      • Gas stations are not particularly suitable for charging stations. They don't have anything for people to do while the charging happens. Well, some are installing such stuff, but are they still a "gas station" at that point, more more of a rest store or something?
        If I was giving out subsidies (and tax breaks are a form), I think that I'd design the program to also include restaurants, malls, and big box stores. Do you have shopping? Open to the public for customers? You qualify.
        Heck, encourage their inst

        • Gas stations are not particularly suitable for charging stations. They don't have anything for people to do while the charging happens. Well, some are installing such stuff, but are they still a "gas station" at that point, more more of a rest store or something?

          Around here most gas stations along a major road offer food and a place to sit to eat. The smaller stations in the cities might not have that but then if you are in a city then it's not a great place for an EV charger because most people will be near their home, or where ever it is they have as a destination, and that would be the most convenient place to charge. A lot of the grocery stores and "big box" retail shops will have fuel pumps in the corner of the parking lot, so people can go shopping if the p

        • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • The summary mentions that charging stations are routinely out of order

      No, they say that app reviews report them as out-of-order.

      If everything works fine, most people won't bother to leave a good review.

      If the charger doesn't work, people are far more likely to leave a bad review.

      So, there's a huge selection bias in the data.

    • by mspohr ( 589790 )

      Tesla's chargers have very high reliability ratings (and there are more of them than any others.
      OTOH, Electrify America chargers are notoriously unreliable. This company was formed by VW as a penalty for dieselgate fraud and they have made very half-hearted attempts to follow the court order. Blame VW.

    • Lots of these shitty chargers are placed near a hotel or casino. It's some third party who agrees to pay the property owner for use. The hotel has no say in their operation or maintenance so when a customer complains all they can do is report it. Also to remind everyone these chargers don't take credit cards directly and require you use their shitty payment app.

    • by vlad30 ( 44644 )
      Stations out of order is easy most EV chargers are unmanned so when something breaks it needs to be reported usually by the customer and someone go out to fix it. This takes time. now as to why it's out of order. I believe EV can't drive off while connected a smart feature. however they contain valuable copper in an easy to cut off cable so for copper thieves easy money. then they are connected to a power supply which may not be reliable or in some cases run out of Diesel. Being unmanned vandalism is a pro
      • however they contain valuable copper in an easy to cut off cable so for copper thieves easy money.

        I expect this to be fixed with EV drivers being expected to have one of those V2V cables, the charger has a NACS plug as if it's another vehicle providing a charge. The process to start the charging would be much like any other public EV charger with the driver expected to use a smart phone to run some app for payment. These V2V cables apparently don't support fast DC charging but a 240 VAC charge is better than nothing, or having to charge from an outdoor 120 VAC outlet at a motel or something because th

    • Clearly some chargers have been built, but there's no mention of which parties are failing to maintain these chargers.

      Great question. My understanding was a large numbers of chargers were essentially built by VW as part of the Dieselgate settlement. If that's the case, VW may have had a strong incentive to do the bare minimum required by the settlement. This may turn out to be "build chargers", not "ensure working chargers are available to drivers."

      People may think profit motives and self-interest are distasteful but I definitely trust them much more than other forms of motivation.

    • The subsidies for them largely cover just building them. Not maintaining them. If they were being built for economic reasons they'd get maintained.

    • They're routinely out of order because copper thieves keep stealing the cabling, not because they break down from use. Those charging fees are going to get quite a bit higher if every charging station has to hire 24/7 security.

  • Vandals? (Score:4, Funny)

    by rossdee ( 243626 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @08:16AM (#64606613)

    Are the chargers not working because they have been broken by vandals, goths or huns?

  • by ThumpBzztZoom ( 6976422 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @08:16AM (#64606615)

    This headline is just pure bullshit. This is not a claim in the study. The study is about using AI for research, the main point was that GPT-4 is cheap to use, and is 86-94% accurate in extracting pricing schemes (not great but better than the 64-85% of Regex) and its results on an analysis of the pricing structure of EV chargers. And it is based on user reviews on the internet, which is far from a gold standard of scientific accuracy

    The study never mentions malfunctioning stations. The only use of the word reliable (in any form) is "there is a need for reliable evidence". The number 78 never appears in the study (nor do 22, 77 or 21(in case of rounding)). This is a claim based on an analysis of user reviews by an at best 94% accurate AI. A result that the guy will claim in an interview, but not publish in a journal.

    He does not define 78% reliable. He gives some examples, which include chargers being broken, but also includes ICE cars using the charge point for parking. He does not separate the user reviews into categories. He does not state whether the AI models distinguish between "doesn't work because it is broken", "doesn't work because I need a J-1772 connector and this station is for Teslas", "doesn't work because it's slow", or "doesn't work because I didn't like it for reasons".

    Maybe the 78% number is accurate, I don't know, I've never owned an electric car. But the claim is not supported by the evidence he is willing to publish in a peer reviewed journal.

    • Sorry before you judge my math, yes I know 100-78 actually equals not using the charger 22% of the time. Same point.
      • by q_e_t ( 5104099 )
        22% is still a math fail. If there are two chargers then assuming no common fault, the chances of no charger is 5%. I've never seen fewer to two chargers in a location. Often there are four, so now the chances are under 1%. I've turned up to fill my car with gasoline to sometimes find a pump out of order or occasionally the whole filling station but I've never run out of gas on the highway. To be fair, the proportion of individual pumps being out might be closer to 2% than 22%
    • I think you've misunderstood the article. It's just saying the author used the data from a previous study, which is linked in the article, for a new study that shows 78% reliability. Confusingly, there is no link to the new study in the article.
    • The 78% survey number lines up pretty nicely with a smaller 2023 study that visited a bunch of chargers in the SF Bay area and found 73% of chargers operational, with a later random sampling showing no significant change in percentage.

      https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.163... [arxiv.org]

  • I went hybrid instead of electric because of the lack of high-speed charging infrastructure in Western Maryland and rural Pennsylvania. It will get better when makers start adopting NACS, but then Tesla stations will get overwhelmed. Need actual government investment here.
  • Any world leader is a fool to think EVs can reach any kind of mainstream use without a plan to put chargers every 100 miles along every highway on which an EV owner may need to travel and make it happen immediately. Also helpful would be to provide every apartment dweller or every person with street parking only with a charger.

    If that is too much then drop the mandates until the EV industry works itself out.
    • by leonbev ( 111395 )

      Yeah, it doesn't seem like the "Mandate that everyone buys EV's by 2035 and let the market sort out the problems" guidelines that states like California are pushing are working. If anything, it's causing people to drag their feet and buy more gas powered SUV's instead.

    • Re:Smokescreens (Score:5, Insightful)

      by zeiche ( 81782 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @09:05AM (#64606695)

      hardly anything “works itself out’ without government mandates. like seat belts and air bags, sometimes the industry fights like hell against things that are now commonplace.

      • Ok but the government should only mandate things that do not put the average citizen under a great hardship. Unless the EV can exactly replace the ICE in form and function, then the government is imposing a great hardship. The carbon tax takes 7 cents a litre that's a small price to pay and I'm fine with that. In contrast, forcing people to use a vehicle they cannot afford to use just to be able to go see the wilderness once in a while or go see family that they had to move away from to get gainful emplo
  • Gas stations (Score:4, Informative)

    by reanjr ( 588767 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @09:48AM (#64606767) Homepage

    In my experience, it's very common for gas pumps to be out of service. From gas shortages taking out entire stations for days, to people driving off with the nozzle still in, to general maintenance, I half expect at least one pump to be out in a station with more than 8 pumps.

    Also, in my experience, charging stations (dedicated ones, not the ones at the mall) usually have well over a dozen or so chargers. So, even if they are individually down more often, in suspicious that translates to more real downtime in terms of number of chargers available.

    I think the bigger issue is simply the long wait. Even if you come across a station with 40 chargers, of which 5 are out of service, you are bottlenecked not by the number of chargers, but by the 30+ mins each vehicle takes to charge.

    • The issue is that you're trying to charge your car at the mall. You should have your own plug at home.

      The only time you should be looking for someone else's charger is if you forgot to pay your electric bill.

      • Re: Gas stations (Score:4, Insightful)

        by reanjr ( 588767 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @10:10AM (#64606813) Homepage

        I don't think my apartment management would be cool with me running a cable out my 8th floor window and down to the garage.

        • I don't think my apartment management would be cool with me running a cable out my 8th floor window and down to the garage.

          I'm sure not. But all new construction or significant rework/remodel should require installation of at least a 120V/15A socket for every parking space. This would eventually permit the majority of people to do all of their regular charging at home overnight (based on average commute lengths, charge speeds, etc.) Yes, more capacity would be good, but enough is as good as a feast and this would be enough for most people to only need to visit a quick charger on a longer trip.

          • This will only ever get half-assed results to satisfy the bureaucracy at eye-watering premiums. Housing costs in SoCal are already unaffordable. Putting this requirement on top will break the lower income strata. If you could have afforded it, you would already have a Tesla and power wall in your garage. Putting governments (fed, state, local), financier, development, and management layers between the little guy and what he/she needs is just a terrible way burden the person who can least afford it.
        • I don't think my apartment management would be cool with me running a cable out my 8th floor window and down to the garage.

          If you have a garage then you can install a charger there.

      • You should have your own plug at home.

        "Home"? You do realize you just assumed away the millions of apartment dwellers, retirement home residents, young drivers still living at home, and other situations where one's domicile does not have the capability to charge a vehicle, right??

        • Re:Gas stations (Score:4, Insightful)

          by Fly Swatter ( 30498 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @11:59AM (#64607039) Homepage
          And at some point having available apartment charge points will be a key selling point for landlords. Renters will simply expect it. Instead of assuming away how about assuming that times will change.

          Everyone now expects an available wifi connection in public locations, that wasn't the case only a decade ago. The same will happen here.

          But sure, right now EVs are simply not practical for most apartment renters. Talk to your landlord...
        • millions of apartment dwellers

          Many apartment building garages and parking lots have chargers or are installing them.

          retirement home residents

          Not sure why that's a problem.

          young drivers still living at home

          Can't they ask the parents if it's ok to plug in the EV?

        • retirement home residents have a plug outside their apartment to charge their electric mobility scooter or w/c

          • retirement home residents have a plug outside their apartment to charge their electric mobility scooter or w/c

            "w/c"? Water closet?

            Maybe where you live the apartments tend to be single story and open up to the outdoors but around here it can get cold and icy so the retirement apartments open to a common area where there might be places to visit with others out of the weather, perhaps have food served and entertainment provided if its that kind of place. Those with vehicle will have them in covered parking spot, maybe a heated garage. Maybe that means there's a means to easily add an electrical outlet for EVs but

      • by MobyDisk ( 75490 )

        Or if you are driving a distance, which is a pretty important use case. And you are assuming everyone who lives in an apartment or relies on street parking has a charger.

  • QUICK!!! (Score:2, Troll)

    by andyring ( 100627 )

    Someone raise my taxes! PLEASE!!!

    Why is this a government issue? Does the government run the corner gas station?

    Let the private market sort it out.

    • by rossdee ( 243626 )

      "Someone raise my taxes! PLEASE!!!"

      The taxes they need to raise are on petrol (gas) and diesel, since thats whats causing climate change.

  • Know your audience (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Mozai ( 3547 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @10:28AM (#64606861) Homepage

    And they've recently published some new AI-powered research....

    This is slashdot; that term does not inspire awe and worship. We already know AI-powered research is markov chains producing hallucinations.

  • Fits the rising crescendo of coordinated FUD against EVs. Coupled with the brazen judicial coup d'etat with the Supreme Court's Chevron ruling, it seems like fossil fuels are mounting increasingly dangerous attacks on major institutions to forestall climate change responses.
  • ...a press release and possibly interest from investors
    Maintenance is a cost to be minimized

  • by glatiak ( 617813 ) on Sunday July 07, 2024 @12:31PM (#64607093)

    Our kids in the UK bought an EV for the usual virtuous reasons. Discovered on their first long trip from Scotland south that the maps showing extensive charger availability were aspirational. Some of the locations were for future installs, some were broken with no one to call, and some had lines of folk waiting to plug in. It was such a nightmare that they sold the car shortly after getting back home. Granted that there is a chicken/egg problem but few people I know are masochistic enough to buy an EV just for the joy of spending their vacation time looking for working chargers.

  • The only solution is that all chargers and all electricity must be free.

If they can make penicillin out of moldy bread, they can sure make something out of you. -- Muhammad Ali

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