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EU Hardware

EU Expands USB-C Mandate To Chargers (heise.de) 123

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Heise: The European Commission has revised the Ecodesign requirements for external power supplies (EPS). The new rules aim to increase consumer convenience, resource efficiency, and energy efficiency. Manufacturers have three years to prepare for the changes. The new regulations apply to external power supplies that charge or power devices such as laptops, smartphones, Wi-Fi routers, and computer monitors. Starting in 2028, these products must meet higher energy efficiency standards and become more interoperable. Specifically, USB chargers on the EU market must have at least one USB Type-C port and function with detachable cables.

With the regulation, the EU is also establishing minimum requirements for the efficiency of power supplies with an output power of up to 240 watts that charge via USB Power Delivery (USB-PD), among other things, under other things, minimum requirements. Power supplies with an output power exceeding 10 watts will also have to meet minimum energy efficiency values in partial load operation (10 percent of rated power) in the future, which is intended to reduce unnecessary energy losses.
The EU Commission says the new requirements are expected to save around 3% of energy consumption over the lifecycle of external chargers by 2035. Additionally, greenhouse gas emissions are expected to decrease by 9% and pollutant emissions by about 13%.

"The EU also calculates that consumer spending could decrease by around 100 million euros per year by 2035," reports Heise.
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EU Expands USB-C Mandate To Chargers

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  • Excellent (Score:5, Insightful)

    by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @08:10AM (#65731698) Homepage Journal

    Even though the UK stupidly left the EU, we will benefit from this because nobody will bother making worse products for our market.

    I look forward to everything being powered from USB C, with my own choice of cable length and jack (right angle in either direction, or straight), and the ability to replace them if I damage them.

    • Unfortunately, they're not stopping these wall warts which can be a pita. Some have changeable mains pins for most markets, but I've only ever seen one (Apple, ironically, since they're usually the worst offenders in this sort of thing) that has an attachable cable, which enables you to use a plug of your choosing (which they don't supply).

      • My MacBook Pro I got last year is usually charged via usb-c while plugged into my work station dock. However it also came with a MagSafe charger, including the wall plug. I heard they were changing that for the European market. But in the USA we still are getting both, for now.
        • Re: Excellent (Score:5, Informative)

          by jonbryce ( 703250 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @08:41AM (#65731760) Homepage

          MacBooks do comply with the EU standard because you can charge them via the USB-C port. The fact that there is an additional option for charging isn't a problem.

        • Yeah... is it just me, or does the new Magsafe connector on your Macbook go unused?

          Now that most of my stuff charges via USB-C, I have zero interest in using yet another cable type in my charge cable collection. Just standardize on USB-C and be done with it.

          • I use the magsafe on my laptop. I almost always use the laptop in the same place and only charge it there, so it's not getting mixed into my collection and picked back out, and the magsafe is somewhat easier to fumble into place than USB-C. If I was using it long enough somewhere different to need to charge it, I'd grab a USB-C (probably already nearby), rather than collecting the magsafe from where it's set up.

            • I have a thunderbolt cable with a magnetically attaching end. It charges my laptop and connects external displays, etc. All problems solved.

              The MagSafe cable is still in it's OEM packaging because I don't need to carry around a single-purpose cable when I can use a USB-C cable with the charger Apple supplied, and that same cable can be used for data connectivity as well.

      • Apple do supply the attachable cables. I've got the UK, Euro, Swiss, and Italian ones for my charger, but I did have to visit the Apple shops in the respective countries to buy them.

      • The old Mag Safe and Mag Safe 2 power adapters that came with MacBook Pros did not have a detachable cable. Of course, it was always the cable that broke and that required replacing the whole lot. When Apple switched the MBPs to USB-C, they also switched the power supplies to detachable cables too.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        There are lots of USB C chargers that have a detachable mains cable. Anker make a few models, but there are lots of others. They tend to be in the higher power ranges.

        It's great being able to travel with only one small charger now.

      • My Framework laptop power supply/charger is a neat little cuboid that has a USB-C outlet socket and a "Mickey Mouse" type standard mains inlet socket. It so far works with ANY device that I've tried that needs charge via a USB-C cable.

        Anyone who wants one, as far as I know you can just order one from Framework without buying a laptop although those are also excellent.

      • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

        Apple, ironically, since they're usually the worst offenders in this sort of thing

        There's a chance I might have accidentally caused that. Way back, when the original MagSafe chargers were around — probably about 2008 or 2009 — I filed a Radar asking for removable MagSafe cables, pointing out that I kept having to throw away $80 chargers over a $10 cable, and that this had been a problem with every Mac charger I had ever owned from the PowerBook 145 all the way up to the MagSafe stuff. And I pointed out that having removable MagSafe cables would also provide a permanent solu

        • No making you buy a new charger instead of just a cable was by design and a feature not a bug. The change is because the EU has made it clear this kind of thing will be legislated against.
          • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

            No making you buy a new charger instead of just a cable was by design and a feature not a bug. The change is because the EU has made it clear this kind of thing will be legislated against.

            Apple made that change in March of 2015. The EU didn't even *start* talking about standardizing on USB-C until roughly January of 2020. So I can't say for sure what made them start using separate cables, but I can say with near absolute certainty that the reason was *not* regulatory pressure from the EU.

            • by bsolar ( 1176767 )

              Apple made that change in March of 2015. The EU didn't even *start* talking about standardizing on USB-C until roughly January of 2020.

              While the standardization on USB-C arrived later, the EU started campaigning for standardization and regulation of chargers much earlier, first trying an approach based on voluntary industry adherence, then moving to more strict regulation and first targeting some devices before broadening the scope.

              The EU asked the industry to standardize chargers for mobile phones in 2009 and released a corresponding standard in 2010. In 2014 they published a review of the impact of the change, which led to moving towards

              • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

                Apple made that change in March of 2015. The EU didn't even *start* talking about standardizing on USB-C until roughly January of 2020.

                While the standardization on USB-C arrived later, the EU started campaigning for standardization and regulation of chargers much earlier, first trying an approach based on voluntary industry adherence, then moving to more strict regulation and first targeting some devices before broadening the scope.

                The EU asked the industry to standardize chargers for mobile phones in 2009 and released a corresponding standard in 2010. In 2014 they published a review of the impact of the change, which led to moving towards a mandatory regulation as opposed to voluntary industry commitment.

                So I'm not sure whether Apple did the change in 2015 due to EU regulatory pressure, but the EU was definitely already involved in the matter.

                The EU was pushing for micro-USB. Apple ignored them almost completely, doing the absolute minimum required to technically comply with the law. Apple is fond of malicious compliance, and has been for a long time.

    • Re:Excellent (Score:4, Informative)

      by Viol8 ( 599362 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @08:45AM (#65731766) Homepage

      "Even though the UK stupidly left the EU"

      The EU isn't exactly demonstrating stellar economic performance right now:

      https://www.bloomberg.com/news... [bloomberg.com]

      https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/art... [bbc.co.uk]

      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Coward

        Yes, I wonder who is fucking up the world markets.

      • Re:Excellent (Score:4, Informative)

        by serviscope_minor ( 664417 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @10:26AM (#65731966) Journal

        The EU isn't exactly demonstrating stellar economic performance right now

        Neither is the UK, and our trade with Europe has dropped a lot.

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Yeah, turns out a country removing itself from a massive free trade block it's been a part of for years isn't without economic consequences.

        It's why I always roll my eyes at people when they throw out the idea of California (where I live) becoming it's own country. Not only is that not allowed for in the US constitution but it would be absolutely devastating to our economy which is heavily intertwined with the rest of the country

        • by dryeo ( 100693 )

          Seems to me that the American Constitution doesn't really say whether a State can leave the voluntary union, so that part depends on the Supreme Court, with this one quite willing to interpret the Constitution any which way. If nothing else, your Constitution does allow amendments such as Amendment XX, the State of California is no longer part of the USA. Does mean a large majority of the country has to agree.
          You're right about the economic consequences, though could go like Quebec where every time they tal

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Sorry, ignore that last post by me. I wasnt replying to the right post.

      • Which western country is doing well at the moment, and why?

    • And when something new makes USB-C obsolete, you'll be stuck with your worse product for as long as it takes for a distant committee of politicians to figure out what to do.

      I prefer the market over bureaucrats for this sort of thing.

      • The only reason every Android phone came with micro USB was because the EU made them do it.

      • Re:Excellent (Score:4, Insightful)

        by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @09:53AM (#65731896) Homepage Journal

        Eventually it will, not for a very long time. But when that happens, so what? The EU will have prevented massive amounts of e-waste being generated in the meantime. I'd rather deal with two standards than 20.

      • I prefer the market over bureaucrats for this sort of thing.

        Why? This is a very obvious place where the market failed, with multiple proprietary connectors. There was blatant lock-in and rent-seeking.

        I guess you liked carrying around 14 chargers?

        • Which largely ceased when USB became a power cord. That didn't happen because of EU regulation.

          And you know what? It's not a big enough deal for government to have gotten involved in the first place. How you charge your phone is something the EU needs to be involved with? Why? Well, they say it was to reduce waste. How much is it actually reduced by? What drop was removed from that 2.3 billion tonne bucket?

          • The EU made micro USB standard for all phone chargers.

          • by dvice ( 6309704 )

            > That didn't happen because of EU regulation.

            That is a good question. Why did Apple switch to USB-C? "A primary driver behind Apple's move to USB-C was the European Union's legislation."
            https://www.benq.com/en-us/bus... [benq.com]

            > How much is it actually reduced by?

            "Discarded and unused chargers account for about 11 000 tonnes of e-waste annually."
            https://commission.europa.eu/n... [europa.eu]

            Personally I am really happy about the mandatory USB-C. Now my work-laptop, 2 school-laptops, tablet and phones of all family member

      • We had the market deciding for decades and a zoo of incompatible chargers. Then the EU stepped in and mandated micro USB and things improved a lot. After almost a decade the EU changed the mandate to USB C.
        Long story short, the distant commitee of people who are answering to the general population is far better than dozen even more distant committees of people who answer to a bunch of enshittificating CEOs.

      • Because laws can never be amended to include new standards, right?

        And in the meantime, we don't have an explosion of proprietary garbage that doesn't enter landfills. On balance, I think we're still better off than we were before the EU enacted these laws.

    • I look forward to everything being powered from USB C, with my own choice of cable length and jack (right angle in either direction, or straight), and the ability to replace them if I damage them.

      USB C is an unnecessary expense, complexity, inefficiency and all around clusterfuck for high power (100-300 watts) applications.

      Conductors are too small requiring unnecessary buck stages inside of the device to provide usable energy vs simply having larger sized conductors from the EPS. From my take of the EU text they are not addressing end to end efficiency just the efficiency of the power supply which is highly misleading and counterproductive if your end goal is saving energy.

      Imagine a device with a p

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Eh, nobody wants a chunky cable and connector to handle 240W (maximum USB C can supply), and these days it is certainly not cheaper that a buck regulator.

        Copper isn't cheap and the conversion losses are going to be less than the losses to heat from lower voltages. The industry has responded with very high efficiency 50V capable converters.

        Another advantage of USB PD is that with the PPS mode the device can be even smaller, featuring a lower power charger for non-PPS supplies, and using the PPS mode when ava

        • Eh, nobody wants a chunky cable and connector to handle 240W (maximum USB C can supply), and these days it is certainly not cheaper that a buck regulator.

          I certainly do, they are cheaper, more reliable, more energy efficient and anything up to 12 AWG will be less chunky than your typical braided USB-C cable.

          Copper isn't cheap and the conversion losses are going to be less than the losses to heat from lower voltages.

          This is not true. With USB-C you are limited to 5 amps max. A 14 AWG conductor can carry 6x more current and 9x for 12 AWG than your typical 22 AWG USB-C cable with the same resistive losses. This means providing roughly an order of magnitude lower voltage to the device without exceeding resistive losses of the USB-C cable.

          Another advantage of USB PD is that with the PPS mode the device can be even smaller, featuring a lower power charger for non-PPS supplies, and using the PPS mode when available for higher power charging. None of these phones that charge at 50W+ have a 50W variable mode buck regulator in them.

          The heck they don't. Chargin

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            If you get a half decent USB cable it will have thicker wire. They aren't expensive either.

            I have a precision low ohm meter, I check cables I buy.

            • If you get a half decent USB cable it will have thicker wire. They aren't expensive either.

              Are you saying there are USB cables with thicker conductors than 22 AWG? If so where can I get one of those? More importantly why would I want one given nothing is going to push more than 5 amps over it anyway?

              I have a precision low ohm meter, I check cables I buy.

              Good for you I guess? I don't understand the relevance.

              • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

                Don't worry about the thickness, worry about the resistance. There are people who measure cables and post the information online. AllThingsOnePlace is a good resource.

                https://www.allthingsoneplace.... [allthingsoneplace.com]

                • Don't worry about the thickness, worry about the resistance. There are people who measure cables and post the information online. AllThingsOnePlace is a good resource.

                  This is not the case. Resistance is a function of mostly wire thickness and length. While one can always manufacture crummy wires and connectors with higher resistance there is no way to create a copper cable that carriers more current over the same wire gauge than pure copper without commensurate resistive losses. To achieve lower resistance you need thicker and or shorter conductors.

                  Your statements also seem to be completely irrelevant. First and foremost there is also no way to push more than 5 amps

                  • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

                    While true, if you actually compare wires with the same size conductors you will find that there is in fact huge variation.

                    It's due to thinks like the number and size of strands, how they are wound, the type of conductor and its purity, and of course the USB connectors and the soldering play a huge part in it too.

                    • While true, if you actually compare wires with the same size conductors you will find that there is in fact huge variation.

                      It's due to thinks like the number and size of strands, how they are wound, the type of conductor and its purity

                      This is total nonsense. The same gauge of wire has the same resistance regardless of whether it is solid copper or stranded copper. Purity is relevant which is why there are common standards dating back over a century for copper wiring.

                    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

                      Stranded has higher resistance because the strands are longer due to being twisted, compared to the solid wire.

                      If you think the connectors don't matter... I don't know what to tell you. They are one of the main reasons why crap cables are crap.

                    • Stranded has higher resistance because the strands are longer due to being twisted, compared to the solid wire.

                      If you think the connectors don't matter... I don't know what to tell you. They are one of the main reasons why crap cables are crap.

                      I don't follow how wires turns into connectors. I've said nothing about connectors. What I think is wire is wire and you can expect nearly identical resistance between wires for the same wire gauge. If you disagree and you can provide relevant data speaking to "huge variation" in copper wires of the same gauge based on stranding configurations or absence of stranding then I would be most interested in learning more otherwise I think it likely you may be drawing unwarranted conclusions based on your char

    • by Bert64 ( 520050 )

      They won't make worse products specifically for the UK, but they will make worse products for the rest of the world which will also be sold in the UK.
      Even down to the plugs - UK plugs are used in Malaysia and Singapore too.

      China makes a range of products, but what's sold in western countries has to comply with relevant local safety standards. They make much cheaper (and often far more dangerous) products which are sold in countries with lax regulations like Myanmar, Laos etc.

  • by taustin ( 171655 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @08:38AM (#65731746) Homepage Journal

    We'll be seeing EVs with USB-C charging ports.

  • by aaarrrgggh ( 9205 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @09:13AM (#65731824)

    I am a little torn here; there are far too many products that use barrel jacks unnecessarily, but converting a barrel jack to hard wired terminals is much easier than a USB-C connector for things that are fixed installations. (Things like spotlights and CCTV accessories come to mind.)

    But I do wonder what will happen to all of the new barrel connectors that are 0.2MM difference in diameter or length for various "reasons".

    • But I do wonder what will happen to all of the new barrel connectors that are 0.2MM difference in diameter or length for various "reasons".

      The EIAJ standard barrel jacks (usually yellow tipped) are designed to fit only in the corresponding size socket and in none of the other sizes. Each size is for a specific voltage range, the different plugs are supposed to save you from accidentally over-volting your devices.

    • but converting a barrel jack to hard wired terminals is much easier than a USB-C connector for things that are fixed installations.

      https://thepihut.com/products/... [thepihut.com]

      • Yeah, there are ones that have terminal connections too... but it is another connection you need to waterproof vs crimping or soldering the cable and having terminals at the power source.

        • Not sure I follow to be honest. Barrel jacks aren't usually waterproof, so not much difference from usbc. They're still allowed to do stuff with screw terminalis inside designed to be hard wired. Anything external you can always pot in construction adhesive, epoxy or hot melt for some ad hoc waterproofing.

          • by Junta ( 36770 )

            Think the point is going beyond external. If you are converting to hardwire, I'm picturing removing the power connector and putting some screw terminals down.

            A barrel connector is going to be a couple of rather large solder points. A USB-C connector is... not going to be that.

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      Barrel jacks are a terrible idea from the dawn of technology. Plug the wrong one in and fry something. Drop it in a puddle and fry something. And if you're dumb enough to put 200 Watts over it the thing you fry might be your house.

      The inability to connect always live no matter what power directly into a device is a feature.

      • They weren't terrible when that was all there was.
        • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

          No, they were still terrible. But they were all there was.

          Perhaps you've never had or don't remember the experience of carefully checking the polarity and voltage on a wall wart barrel jack and then holding your breath as you plugged it into your expensive gizmo.

      • That would be in the firm "yes and no" category. [US] Electrical Code essentially dictates that you need a disconnecting mechanism between the power supply and the equipment which is what got us here. Not everything really needs to negotiate power connection prior to being energized, and if a power-limited 90% of use cases for sure. It is the remaining 10%, 1%, and even 0.1% cases though that make standardizing trickier though.

  • by Qbertino ( 265505 ) <moiraNO@SPAMmodparlor.com> on Friday October 17, 2025 @09:45AM (#65731882)

    Don't say they can't be useful. I like this. I generally also like laws like the GDPR that enable EU regulators to fine megacorps for 50 bazillion Euros if they choose to get pissy with the rules and ignore them. Good stuff. Gotta hand it to the EU.

  • I like standardization and USB-C works well
    I'm skeptical when governments control technology

  • by FrankSchwab ( 675585 ) on Friday October 17, 2025 @10:33AM (#65731984) Journal

    So instead of having a bunch of chargers with varying voltages, currents, and connectors, I'll have a bunch of USB C chargers with varying voltages, currents, and capabilities.
    Tried using a mainline USB charger with a Raspberry Pi 4? (Nobody supports the 5V/4A that it needs)
    Here's a charger that came with my phone, will it work for my laptop? (No)
    How come this device won't work with that USB brick? (because it expects the brick to put out 5V without negotiation, and the brick refuses to do that).
    This device needs a USB-PD PPS brick; does this brick support PPS? (No)

    So have we really solved anything other than reducing the unemployment rate among EU regulation writers?

    And by the way, good luck reading the capabilities printed on the USB brick - putting all of those along with all of the symbols from all of the national regulatory agencies on a 15mmx20mm label isn't conducive to reading.

    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      It sounds like you buy a lot of shady stuff that doesn't meet the USB certification.

      • Well, see, that's part of the problem.

        USB has chosen to include many, many different features and make them "optional". So a 65W USB PD power supply can be fully USB certified, and a Raspberry Pi 4 can be fully USB certified, and yet they won't work together. A device that uses USB PPS can be fully certified, and not work with that same 65W USB PD power supply.

        And don't get me started on USB cables....

    • I'll have a bunch of USB C chargers with varying voltages, currents, and capabilities.

      Huh? Why? Just get a couple of decent ones and call it a day. Also yes you have a bunch of devices with varying capabilities. So what? You can plug your slow arse phone into your super charger if you want. It works. You can plug your power hungry laptop into your phone charger too. It also works.

      This is a good thing.

      Tried using a mainline USB charger with a Raspberry Pi 4? (Nobody supports the 5V/4A that it needs)

      *Stares at my Pis plugged into a Samsung charger wondering WTF you are on about*

      Here's a charger that came with my phone, will it work for my laptop? (No)

      Why not? Does your laptop or charger not comply with the EU rules? Mine does. It brings a warnings saying charging

  • For all of the people worried about having a wall wart available that is compatible with a particular country's outlets, the prevalence of USB-C will probably increase the number of outlets that contain USB-C ports. And now that I think about it, since those ports can access the data bus, that may not necessarily be a good thing when using public outelts. The USB-C port on my phone broke from regular use and I'm due for a new phone. After recently learning that government goons are increasingly using hac

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