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Earth

New Data Shows Record CO2 Levels in 2024. Are Carbon Sinks Failing? (theguardian.com) 197

The Guardian reports that atmospheric carbon dioxide "soared by a record amount in 2024 to hit another high, UN data shows."

But what's more troubling is why: Several factors contributed to the leap in CO2, including another year of unrelenting fossil fuel burning despite a pledge by the world's countries in 2023 to "transition away" from coal, oil and gas. Another factor was an upsurge in wildfires in conditions made hotter and drier by global heating. Wildfire emissions in the Americas reached historic levels in 2024, which was the hottest year yet recorded. However, scientists are concerned about a third factor: the possibility that the planet's carbon sinks are beginning to fail. About half of all CO2 emissions every year are taken back out of the atmosphere by being dissolved in the ocean or being sucked up by growing trees and plants. But the oceans are getting hotter and can therefore absorb less CO2 while on land hotter and drier conditions and more wildfires mean less plant growth...

Atmospheric concentrations of methane and nitrous oxide — the second and third most important greenhouse gases related to human activities — also rose to record levels in 2024. About 40% of methane emissions come from natural sources. But scientists are concerned that global heating is leading to more methane production in wetlands, another potential feedback loop.

Thanks to long-time Slashdot reader mspohr for sharing the article.
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New Data Shows Record CO2 Levels in 2024. Are Carbon Sinks Failing?

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  • by MacMann ( 7518492 ) on Sunday October 19, 2025 @03:44AM (#65735742)

    We were on the path to so much reductions in CO2 in the 1970s. The USA was putting one gigawatt of new civil nuclear fission generating capacity on the grid every month for a while in that decade. That would be about 50 years ago today. 50 years, 12 months in a year, 1 GW per month, that would mean 600 more GW on the grid today to replace fossil fuels.

    Jimmy Carter pretty much put a stake in the heart of nuclear power with how he reacted to Three Mile Island. He'd seen nuclear reactor cores meltdown before and he knew what happened at TMI was effectively a nonevent. Sure, there was a billion dollar reactor turned to a radioactive mess but nobody died, nobody was at any real risk of harm in the future from it, was anyone even injured? He didn't want to speak out against his party on opposing nuclear energy so he put in place rules that meant a lot of nuclear engineers and technicians lost their jobs. I know people will want to point out that Reagan reversed these rules months later but that was too little too late. Once these people went off to find new jobs, or enjoy an early retirement, there's no easy way to get those people back.

    The Democrats tried to kill off the "nuclear navy" too. They were half way successful in that, they put the nuclear powered destroyers on a path to early retirement. The nuclear powered submarines and aircraft carriers were simply too valuable in the Cold War to kill off. We even had an experimental nuclear powered cargo ship. With Russia having recently returned a nuclear powered battle-cruiser to service, building nuclear powered icebreakers, and building floating nuclear power plants, then maybe the USA needs to rethink the idea of a "nuclear navy" to keep up. Australia is getting new nuclear powered submarines. France is building another nuclear powered aircraft carrier. UK, Japan, South Korea, and other nations are thinking of building nuclear powered civil cargo ships. If keeping up with the Russians isn't enough motivation to get back into nuclear powered ships then maybe keeping up with allies will be the motivation we need.

    I just watched a video about efforts to reduce CO2 emissions from shipping. Nuclear powered ships were mentioned as an option. Also mentioned as an option was using ammonia as fuel. Where are we going to get this ammonia? As I understand it nearly all ammonia produced today comes from burning natural gas. Why not use nuclear fission instead? If ammonia is used then that's a safety hazard if it leaks as it is a potent irritant. Then is that burning ammonia produces nitrous oxides, a potent greenhouse gas. Is that an improvement over natural gas on global warming even if we have a "green" source of ammonia?

    We can't go back in time and reverse the mistakes made in the 1970s and 1980s on nuclear energy. What we can do though is stop repeating those mistakes. It would take a long time to rebuilt the expertise lost when Jimmy Carter scattered the nuclear engineers and technicians in 1979/1980. Once we rebuild that expertise though we can move very quickly on reducing CO2 emissions. 1 GW per month in new nuclear energy capacity was likely seen as a sprint in the 1970s, but today that would be a walk in the park. We can't keep ignoring nuclear energy.

    • The most hilarious is that Margaret Thatcher was one of the people warning about global warming in the early 80s - but the left wing were more worried about nuclear.
      • The most "hilarious" thing is that we have had energy-positive solar technology since the 1970s, but people were still preaching nuclear power in the 1980s. It's even more "hilarious" that they are still doing it today, when solar power is cheap and easy and batteries are unprecedentedly cheap.

        • by gweihir ( 88907 )

          They want the bomb. And they are knowing they are lying about it. In their minds, might makes right and might is the goal above all others. How else are they going to dictate what everybody is allowed to think?

        • The most "hilarious" thing is that we have had energy-positive solar technology since the 1970s, but

          I was in the solar industry in the 1970s. No.

          Solar panels were hundreds of dollars a watt back then. They may have been energy-positive, but that was only because solar cells at the time were being made from scrap silicon left over from the semiconductor industry, which was possible because the solar array production volume was so small.

          It is hard to overemphasize how effective the ERDA (later DOE) program to advance solar technology was. Pretty much every advance that led to today's 50-cent per watt arrays

          • Pretty much every advance that led to today's 50-cent per watt arrays was pioneered in the Large Silicon Solar Array (LSSA, later renamed Flat Plate Solar array) program.

            That project wrapped up in 1986, so if I'm wrong, I'm wrong only by one decade out of five. It's been almost four full decades now since that project concluded. How much in tax breaks and other subsidies have gone into fossil fuels since? How much further could we have been ahead in solar deployment if we had started spending that money on it in the 80s, let alone the 70s?

    • by burni2 ( 1643061 )

      Much text, but you failed to see the point - that many nuclear proposers tend to also neglect.

      Nuclear energy is a "fossil" fuel with limited availability, in basically every sense, one would be that the US have already exhausted approximate 80% percent of their Uranium resources, this in turn means, that the remaining resources are more difficult - thus expensive - to extract.

      So if you would want to substitute many of the CO2 emissions from carbon-fossil power plants with nuclear energy, you would already f

      • Nuclear energy is a "fossil" fuel

        Nuclear is absolutely not fossil in any sense of that word, don't demonstrate your ignorance.

        with limited availability

        Quite the opposite, the (fast neutron) nuclear fission technology is the only one currently available that gives you the potential option to generate more fuel from the side effects of "burning" your current supply.

        • Nuclear energy is a "fossil" fuel

          Nuclear is absolutely not fossil in any sense of that word, don't demonstrate your ignorance.

          Correct. The term burni2 should have used was "non-renewable".

          with limited availability

          Quite the opposite, the (fast neutron) nuclear fission technology is the only one currently available that gives you the potential option to generate more fuel from the side effects of "burning" your current supply.

          With the technologies we use right now, berni2 is correct: we would run out of uranium quickly if we powered the entire world by nuclear power.

          To switch to entirely nuclear, in the short term we need fuel reprocessing, and in the longer term either breeder reactors or a switch to a different cycle (thorium is often proposed.)

          • If you want to make silly intellectual arguments, solar power and fossil fuel are both charged by nuclear fission. Its just a long way away

            Lets be clear the real problem with nuclear power is that it always takes longer to build, costs more and is less reliable than planned. As a solution to our IMMEDIATE problem it is just a distraction. Its future use is being used to prop up industries that rely on unlimited sources of power, like AI. The alternative to nuclear isn't solar or wind. Its conservation. Bu

            • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

              If you want to make silly intellectual arguments,

              I don't.

              solar power and fossil fuel are both charged by nuclear fission.

              If you want to make silly intellectual arguments, solar and fossil fuel power are charged by nuclear fusion.

              Lets be clear the real problem with nuclear power is that it always takes longer to build, costs more

              Assertions that gloss over a lot of details. But if your overall point is that today's nuclear power is one of the most expensive sources of electrical power we have, that is correct.

              and is less reliable than planned.

              Actually, more reliable than other energy sources.

          • by vakuona ( 788200 )

            If we needed to power the world on uranium fission, we could extract uranium from seawater. There is an estimated 4.5bn tonnes of uranium dissolved in seawater - if we extracted 10% of that, that would last 5,000 years at current consumption rates and without breeder reactors.

            Breeder reactors can take us to millions of years, by which point, we may well have perfected other forms of energy production, population may have shrunk enough to make completely renewable energy sources more than adequate.

            With nucle

      • Re: (Score:2, Troll)

        by gweihir ( 88907 )

        Funny thing: Nuclear is excessively expensive already and excessively dirty (due to the mining and refining needed). But with more nuclear power, that all goes up as the fuel gets harder to extract and is of lower quality.

        The only rational reason to build more nuclear power plants is to maintain a nuclear arsenal, no other reasons. Everything else is a direct lie. Oh, and look, France, for example, thinks it needs a total of 4 reactors for that. The UK thinks it needs two. So not even that reason holds up.

    • I wouldn't trust a civil shipping company to maintain a nuclear reactor to a sufficient standard for it to be safe, particularly some of the dodgier firms flying a flag of convenience. Also civil ships have an unfortunately habit of sinking quite often so by now there would probably be dozens or even hundreds of decaying reactors with the minimum shielding they could get away with on the ocean floor - an enviromental disaster waiting to happen.

      • Yeah, because climate change since the 70s are way more environmental friendly.

        • Yeah, because climate change since the 70s are way more environmental friendly.

          Yes. Oh wait you were being sarcastic? Yeah absolutely climate change since the 70s is way more environmentally friendly than having 110,000 nuclear reactors in the world run by companies who are so infamous at cutting corners to the point of using effectively slave labour, and who lose on average 25-40 ships per year.

          Climate change is orders of magnitude better for the environment than that fucking disaster.

    • Jimmy Carter pretty much put a stake in the heart of nuclear power with how he reacted to Three Mile Island.

      You keep saying that. It is simply not accurate.

      The TMI accident happened the last year of Carter's term. The regulatory and legislative response after TMI was done during Reagan's term of office, not Carter's.

      I know the right wing wants to say everything good happened during Reagan, everything bad during Carter, but in this particular case it is just not true. Carter did not implement anti-nuclear policies in nine months. You are trying to put today's political stances into 1979, and it's not what happen

    • We were on the path to so much reductions in CO2 in the 1970s.

      Horseshit, you were on the path to very few reductions. Back in the 1970s the power grid produced even less of the proportion of CO2 emissions than it does today, (around 30%, and back then less than 25%). The emissions were going up even if you did get your fantasy all nuclear power grid (which would have been quite the disaster since nuclear power can't provide peaking loads).

  • ... is that methane only has a half life of about 10 years in the atmosphere. Unfortunately N20 is about 100 years, not that the spaced out morons around my area getting high from catering canisters of the stuff give a damn.

    • If all the oil wells were properly capped around the world (over 4000 leaking wells in USA alone - goodness how many in Russia), it might make a difference a decade or so later
    • methane only has a half life of about 10 years in the atmosphere

      What do you think it breaks down into?

  • The most prominent example being the Amazonian rainforest, once heralded as the "earths lung", now has turned into a net zero factor in recent years. The area is getting so hot that some native tribes are already bugging out.

    We are screwed. How hard is up to us.

    • Gee, who could have foreseen wholesale cutting down forests in the Amazon or Borneo or anywhere else could have a negative effect on the absorption of CO2? I mean, it's not as if this subject hasn't been studied for decades, or that cities, which lack trees or greenery and instead are oasis' of blacktop and concrete, are at least ten degrees hotter than communities further out.

    • Rainforests are generally naturally near net zero. They don't produce oxygen because the rate of decomposition is rapid enough and the environment is wet enough that most decomposition is anaerobic, which means most of the carbon is released into the atmosphere. Their "purpose" is global cooling and filtering, they are evaporative coolers as they emit a lot of water vapor in the process of photosynthesis. Most oxygen comes from oceanic algae. Speaking of which, have you been keeping an eye on oceanic acidif

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      We are screwed. How hard is up to us.

      Indeed. From observable facts, it seems most want to get screwed for at least a decade longer, better two. Then we are going into gigadeath territory and possible extinction 50 years or so later.

      • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

        Indeed. From observable facts, it seems most want to get screwed for at least a decade longer, better two. Then we are going into gigadeath territory and possible extinction 50 years or so later.

        No. Read some actual science. Yes, global warming is real, yes, the associated climate change will have bad effects, but no realistic projections suggest "gigadeath territory and possible extinction" in 50 years.

        I recommend the IPCC [www.ipcc.ch] reports for a good summary of real science.

        • by gweihir ( 88907 )

          I read actual science. And I am an actual scientist myself. Incidentally, I never predicted "gigadeath in 50 years". You seem to be math or language challenged, I am not.

          The other problem is that what you thing are "realistic" predictions are anything but.

          • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

            I read actual science. And I am an actual scientist myself. Incidentally, I never predicted "gigadeath in 50 years".

            your actual words:

            Then we are going into gigadeath territory and possible extinction 50 years or so later.

            .

            You seem to be math or language challenged, I am not. The other problem is that what you thing are "realistic" predictions are anything but.

            ROFL! You are predicting "gigadeath and possible extinction" and you think my predictions (sourced to the IPCC [www.ipcc.ch]) are "anything but realistic"?
            Sure. Cite me a source to what you call "realistic" predictions.

            • by gweihir ( 88907 )

              I read actual science. And I am an actual scientist myself. Incidentally, I never predicted "gigadeath in 50 years".

              your actual words:

              Then we are going into gigadeath territory and possible extinction 50 years or so later.

              Yes. Read the whole thing again.

              • by XXongo ( 3986865 )

                I never predicted "gigadeath in 50 years".

                your actual words:

                Then we are going into gigadeath territory and possible extinction 50 years or so later.

                Yes. Read the whole thing again.

                I did. Yep, "gigadeath" was you, all right.

                • by gweihir ( 88907 )

                  And failed at basic reading comprehension again. If you read "actual science" like that, it is no surprise you are clueless.

  • No, China is under reporting the amount of its emissions.

    If it were to report correctly, the emission level would be higher and the sink level staying the same, but the result would be rising ppm.

    They do not believe in any climate crisis. But they do believe there is a public relations problem and they are managing it, and very effectively too.

    • Eyes on your own paper. Its illegal to report numbers at all in Florida.

    • The reports can be checked reasonably accurately, apparently, so you don't need to rely on what they say...

  • by cascadingstylesheet ( 140919 ) on Sunday October 19, 2025 @06:22AM (#65735920) Journal

    ... when we start building nuclear plants.

    Until then, please hyperventilate somewhere else.

    • My favorite is I will believe that you care when commercial air travel is banned. 2% of global emissions gone overnight. 12% of transportation related emissions gone. Until a hundred years ago air travel didn't exist, it's a luxury we can't afford if CO2 emissions really are a threat.

      But the urban elite don't like that idea.

      You can scrap the cruise ships too. I won't mind. If you want to go to Hawaii take a sailboat.

      • My favorite is I will believe that you care when commercial air travel is banned.

        We can't even make Bill Gates stop flying around in a private jet. The problem of climate change denial is not claiming it doesn't exist, its believing we can stop it without any immediate changes painful to anyone... except coal miners.

  • by snowshovelboy ( 242280 ) on Sunday October 19, 2025 @09:51AM (#65736160)

    Everyone who thinks we can plant trees to get out of this needs to go back to repeat a 2nd grade science class. The only way to take carbon out with trees is to bury them, but simply burying them isn't enough because 60 million years ago bacteria evolved to eat wood. That carbon is never going to turn back into coal or oil.

    • The only way to take carbon out with trees is to bury them

      Or build houses. The problem is not a million years from now, its today.

  • and it's almost over. Only Takes about 30 min to get the GC/MS data.

    Please get with it.

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