Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
China

China Leads Research in 90% of Crucial Technologies - a Dramatic Shift this Century (nature.com) 135

China is leading research in nearly 90% of the crucial technologies that "significantly enhance, or pose risks to, a country's national interests," according to a technology tracker run by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) -- an independent think-tank. Nature: The ASPI's Critical Technology Tracker evaluated research on 74 current and emerging technologies this year, up from the 64 technologies it analyzed last year. China is ranked number one for research on 66 of the technologies, including nuclear energy, synthetic biology, small satellites, while the United States topped the remaining 8, including quantum computing and geoengineering.

The results reflect a drastic reversal. At the beginning of this century, the United States led more than 90% of the assessed technologies, whereas China led less than 5% of them, according to the 2024 edition of the tracker. "China has made incredible progress on science and technology that is reflected in research and development, as well as in publications," says Ilaria Mazzocco, who researches China's industrial policy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a non-profit research organization based in Washington DC.

Mazzocco says the general trend identified by the ASPI is not a surprise, but it is "remarkable" to see that China is so dominant and advanced in so many fields compared with the United States.

This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

China Leads Research in 90% of Crucial Technologies - a Dramatic Shift this Century

Comments Filter:
  • Crrot and Stick (Score:5, Insightful)

    by PPH ( 736903 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @12:50PM (#65853709)

    Time to stop coddling US industries with tax write-offs for phony R&D investments and generous depreciation allowances for capital investments. Either get to work actually innovating and building stuff. Or go out of business.

    • Re:Crrot and Stick (Score:4, Insightful)

      by znrt ( 2424692 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @12:58PM (#65853729)

      that time was 20 years ago. that's still good advice, mind, but it's way too late to rescue hegemony and i'm afraid it's sadly not going to be heeded anyway.

    • Re:Crrot and Stick (Score:5, Insightful)

      by ArchieBunker ( 132337 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:05PM (#65853747)

      Companies no longer invest in r&d because it doesn't generate instant profits. We'll never see another Bell Labs.

      • Re:Crrot and Stick (Score:5, Insightful)

        by PackMan97 ( 244419 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:15PM (#65853777)
        Looks at the hundreds of billions being funneled into AI research with no profit in sight (aside from those providing the chips and data centers) Right...only invest in instant profits. Takes a look at all the self-driving car research that has yet to produce much of anything.
        • Re:Crrot and Stick (Score:4, Insightful)

          by sarren1901 ( 5415506 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @02:08PM (#65853945)

          Of course the two technologies you just mentioned also have the potential to wipe out millions of jobs. I can't really think of a more disruptive technology myself. Even when the bubble pops, who ever survives will be in a wonderful position to make a lot of money and change a lot of society, for better or worse.

        • Looks at the hundreds of billions being funneled into AI research with no profit in sight (aside from those providing the chips and data centers)

          Right...only invest in instant profits.

          Takes a look at all the self-driving car research that has yet to produce much of anything.

          AI and self-driving car technologies have both been instant profit. How much was OpenAI worth as a result of the first LLM release? How much were the self-driving car companies instantly worth on those announcements? They did aim for, and did achieve, instant profit on the stock market.

        • by PPH ( 736903 )

          Looks at the hundreds of billions being funneled into AI research with no profit in sight

          My guess: It's a scam, built on pre-existing 'bot technology.

          When it's all done with, the "investors" will have a huge tax write off for their losses plus some neat new data centers, high end servers and utility resources to go into Bitcoin mining big time.

        • Looks at the hundreds of billions being funneled into AI research with no profit in sight (aside from those providing the chips and data centers) Right...only invest in instant profits.

          That's not instant profits, that's to prove you have a bigger dick than everyone else in the hopes the stock market will reward you for it. Completely different business model, the Chinese R&D funds products, the AI R&D funds number go up.

        • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

          "Instant" profit is more like "in five years" or "during my time in charge" profit. That AI "research" is very much aimed at generating profits in the short term. Nobody really cared that much until OpenAI announced something that could potentially cut into Google's ad+search money pipe, then the race was on. It follows precisely the silicon valley software company strategy: write some software, offer it free or steeply discounted at a loss to get users (i.e. "scale") then monetize it with ads.

    • Re:Crrot and Stick (Score:4, Interesting)

      by hey! ( 33014 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @04:07PM (#65854275) Homepage Journal

      Industrial R&D is important, but it is in a distrant third place with respect to importance to US scientific leadership after (1) Universities operating with federal grants and (2) Federal research institutions.

      It's hard to convince politicians with a zero sum mentality that the kind of public research that benefits humanity also benefits US competitiveness. The mindset shows in launching a new citizenship program for anyone who pays a million bucks while at the same time discouraging foreign graduate students from attending universtiy in the US or even continuing their university careers here. On average each talented graduate student admitted to the US to attend and elite university does way more than someone who could just buy their way in.

    • The biggest carrot the US and Europe have is the protectionism of their stuff.
      If the other country is doing it better, you can sue them and keep them from going after your customers. This leaves your customers with lesser options but at least they're forced to buy your stuff.
      China is beginning a big push for patents and intellectual property protection. This will slow them down.
      But look at the ugliest case of the absolute failure of a total national economy in 2025.
      The Germans are in a panic because Chinese
  • When conservatives, or pseudo-conservatives are continually against education, and research because "they don't like government spending", this is what happens. I understand being against corruption and poor uses of money, but because the majority of people are NOT educated with a focus in science, these people who are against investing in science cause countries to fall behind. You even see it with what has been going on with the space programs from different countries, the ones where conservatives hav

    • You picked a really lousy argument example when talking about space. SpaceX is perhaps the cheapest option the world has for getting payloads into space and it's a private company in the United States. No doubt SpaceX has taken advantage of government contracts despite you saying we've cut science spending.

      • by Targon ( 17348 )

        Commercial applications vs. SCIENCE. R&D is what results in the breakthroughs that end up advancing things. The stuff where "yea, put a lab in space for research that might be dangerous to the planet" isn't necessarily going to be profitable, but it sure will be safer during the scientific discovery phase. SpaceX isn't going to build a pure science station, even if it will be used to get things into orbit.

      • SpaceX exists only because we fucked up NASA long ago and SpaceX is based mostly on the old work of NASA and what they did could have been done by the old NASA; possibly faster and certainly decades sooner. We had to build an idiotic shuttle which had parts made in every state. Rotating leadership too often is also foolish. They kept/keep trying to funnel money into contractors just like the military does flushing their money.

  • by marcle ( 1575627 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @12:57PM (#65853725)

    Slashing science budgets and gutting higher education somehow doesn't seem like it's going to close the gap.

    • Slashing science budgets and gutting higher education somehow doesn't seem like it's going to close the gap.

      Don't worry, all the cuts and changes by RFK, Jr. will even things out. /s

    • Universities in the EU have programs to welcome US scientists. Most that come over wee involved in DEI related research.
      • by Targon ( 17348 )

        There isn't a lot of effort going into researching DEI, but people who are "not white" are clearly getting discriminated against by the Trump administration, so yea, they would rather go somewhere their work will be appreciated, rather than being treated as if they are less skilled or able to do things just because of their sex, gender, or whatever. Picking people just because they are white and look good on camera is just as much DEI as anything else, because they are picked for their race, even when gro

  • When a country enforces bans against facts like the Tiananmen Square incident (which I witnessed in person, as a Chinese language school student), what won't they lie about?

    • Re: (Score:1, Flamebait)

      by supabeast! ( 84658 )

      If your basis for judging research is truth in propaganda why would you trust science from the USA? The current president is a pathological liar and his regime is trying to convince the world that Venezuela's government is a cartel of narco-terrorists so the USA can invade and hand Venezuela's oil wells over to American oil companies. Truth has no value in the USA.

    • You mean just like the US lies about many things? The research itself it easily proven as it heralds presentable results.
  • by battingly ( 5065477 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:00PM (#65853737)

    According to TFA, "the United States is still an important player globally in these technologies."

    We're doing our best to become irrelevant, but we're not quite there yet.

  • China taxes the rich and spends money on educations. The US gives the rich tax breaks, the rich hoard their wealth, and in many parts of the country schools are literally falling apart while good teachers leave the profession because they cannot afford to live on a teaching salary. Thanks to Reaganomics and MAGA the USA will not be a leader in anything in a few decades.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by 0123456 ( 636235 )

      China is a serious country. The West is (mostly) not.

      The economics is largely irrelevant. China could be in just as bad a state as the West if they put people in universities based on sex or skin colour rather than merit, taught them that people can change sex just by saying so, and continually told them that China was evil and Chinese people should just disappear and be replaced by Indians and Africans.

      > in many parts of the country schools are literally falling apart while good teachers leave the prof

      • by Somervillain ( 4719341 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:46PM (#65853885)
        This is entirely about economics. As long as it's more profitable to scam investors with LLM fake claims than work in biotech, our research community will lose talent. As long as it's more profitable to invest in real estate than develop a cancer drug, the research community will constantly lose talent. Are scientists selling real estate?...no...they committed 8-12 year of their lives for that job. However, science is not done in a vacuum. A drug company require many white collar workers for logistics, funding, marketing, management, etc....as well as leadership roles. Not to mention the young...you're 22...you can go into pharmacology and spend 4-8 years in school for to earn 1/10th of what you'd get working for OpenAI.

        What China does well is that a central power allocates resources based on long-term planning. As academics say, the most efficient form of government is a benign dictatorship, which China was historically in the 21st century and mostly is today. Yeah, I don't like the Taiwan saber rattling, authoritarian censorship, treatment of minorities, etc....but what you can't argue with is that China is pretty good at getting shit done when they want to. They are a credible player on the global stage economically and scientifically. We should equally celebrate their success and criticize their misdeeds.

        I know Fox News or whatever echo chamber you're in told you it's because of our liberal policies, but those are totally irrelevant. I work in big tech and live in one of the best biotech hubs in the world. I meet elite scientists regularly, some are my neighbors. They don't give a shit about the trans community. They're laser-focused on their job and earning money and securing funding. To put it your way, they're serious people. They don't get distracted by the fat weirdos with full beards in dresses and high heels insisting everyone call them "they" instead of "he."

        Any social unrest was not caused at universities producing top scientists. MIT has been consistently running things as usual. Harvard?...yeah, there was some drama. I would argue it was due to external factors instigating them rather than homemade stupidity, but either way....everyone in the area knows that Harvard produces mostly managers, politicians, lawyers or leeches of various occupations who gain immense wealth. MIT produces innovation and advancement.

        If you think seeing a chick with a dick changes anything in life, you've got trans dick on the brain. It's OK if you're attracted to trans women. There's really no shame in it. Give it a try, you might like it.
      • taught them that people can change sex just by saying so

        Can you cite any person, by name, who is not a republican who has said that? A direct quote, written or video, would be helpful. Because I've only ever heard it coming from foaming at the mouth maga types.

    • The US gives the rich tax breaks, the rich hoard their wealth, ...

      To be fair, they don't all hoard all of it; some buy really, really expensive yachts - and slightly less expensive backup yachts for those yachts - or media companies, like TikTok and Paramount, a Nth back-up mansion, or donate money to the President for favors, etc...

      • The US gives the rich tax breaks, the rich hoard their wealth, ...

        To be fair, they don't all hoard all of it; some buy really, really expensive yachts - and slightly less expensive backup yachts for those yachts - or media companies, like TikTok and Paramount, a Nth back-up mansion, or donate money to the President for favors, etc...

        Those really, really expensive yachts are a huge wealth transfer to the working class. Do you have any idea how many working class people it takes to build, maintain and operate those things?

        And most of the rich don't hoard their wealth because if they did, inflation would make them a lot less rich. Most of the rich have most of their money invested in ventures that make them more money.

        But if they did hoard their wealth, that would actually counteract (at least partially) inflation. Taking money out of cir

    • Dear US... stop pretending. Stop blowing hot air. Take a long look in the mirror and face reality. You are not the best anymore. You are just getting mediocre. No worries though, you will be fine. Many countries were the greatest at some point in history. You may want to learn how to listen to others though. You will have to learn to be modest. It will be hard, but a whole new diverse world will open up before you. Enjoy the ride.
  • Focus. (Score:5, Interesting)

    by JaredOfEuropa ( 526365 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:11PM (#65853765) Journal
    China wanted to lead on science, and made the effort. Now that's paying off, and relatively fast as well it seems. China sent out promising students to foreign universities, to return with valuable learning. They court scientists to move to China, and fund a lot of research. And they have a decent school system with highly motivated students. They have plans and policies in place that work.

    What does the West have? Science is beginning to have a bad name here. They tell you you're a sucker if you take a STEM major in college, except perhaps if you study to be a doctor or a dentist, or "something something AI". You're even dumber if you actually pursue a career in academia. Meanwhile we have New Math (a US thing, I know, but here in Europe schooling in mathematics is just as dire), or whatever new nonsense they cooked up. In my country, they are again lowering the nr. of hours per week spent on STEM subjects in high school. More focus on humanities and civics... as they say: "teaching children to be good citizens". Dumb AF, but... good citizens, sure. Taught to challenge everything, and not given the tools or knowledge to do so effectively. One in three kids aged 15 here is functionally analphabetic. Because even reading comprehension and accurate spelling are now optional. Chinese kids work and study hard, ours are taught that being on time is a "white construct", and that STEM education needs to be "decolonized".

    No, we're not going to catch up with China. Unless we change our focus.
    • by labnet ( 457441 )

      18% of Black 12th graders read at a "Proficient" level. It’s about the same for mathematics.
      That’s shocking. What’s going on USA?

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Funny you should mention decolonizing STEM, because that's basically what has happened here. Even now many people are in denial about what the Chinese have accomplished. They seem to think that only white people can invent stuff or push the state of the art forward, and that everyone else just copies them, steals their ideas and technology.

      Many Western countries put a lot of effort into maintaining existing hierarchies. They would rather some people just don't have access to a good education and opportuniti

  • by ThumpBzztZoom ( 6976422 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:29PM (#65853831)

    Sure, they might have the lead in most things that will effect the future.

    But did they maximize shareholder value? I think not

    . U-S-A! U-S-A!

    • Sure, they might have the lead in most things that will effect the future.
      But did they maximize shareholder value? I think not
      . U-S-A! U-S-A!

      Over the next quarter or five-ten years? 'Cause U.S. companies only really seem to care about the former, while the Chinese seem to care more about the latter.

    • China has not caught up on MBAs with the USA yet! Give them time... we probably need to help encourage them because they seem too shrewd to repeat out mistakes.

  • Weird! How could this happen. All we did was freeze or remove federal spending for education in every decade since 1980. And suddenly we're behind after 45 years. I wonder why feeding colleges and universities thousands of unprepared students should have such a negative impact on our higher education and research programs. Well, we better tighten up our borders and stop accepting immigrants into our universities just to be sure...

    • Oh bullshit. We're 5th in spending per student in the world https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffab... [duckduckgo.com]

      We get shitty results but it's not a lack of spending that's creating this problem. Maybe fewer dollars going to the gym and administration and more going towards classrooms and teachers. And a lot less going to "tech" solutions where absolutely none are needed.

      • And get religion out of schools.
        Ensure ALL schools get the same funding per child nationwide , irrespective of race, socio-economic status, location, etc. This WILL include all "top ups" from where ever so no backdoor funding happens.
        Ensure ALL teachers are qualified to teach the subjects they are expected to teach, eg STEM, and by this I mean a Degree in those subjects.

        Private "Charter schools" held to account for grades, attendance , etc with personal liability for board members/owners with NO relig
      • Adjusted for inflation, the federal government simply spend less on education than we used to (ref1). And that doesn't even account for the fact that the population has grown.

        Not that per student spending is the only or best metric to measure education. You could look at college graduation rates, in 1980 it's 16.2% and by 2020 it's 37.5%, so by that metric we're doing very well. (sorry, Statisa won't provide me the source unless I pay the money. I had a hard time finding the 1980 graduation rates)

        Looking at

  • Priorities (Score:4, Informative)

    by Lynchenstein ( 559620 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @01:57PM (#65853905)
    When you celebrate stupidity, deliberately disable the department of education, and deport the foreigners who were educated in a country that does value education and intelligence, this is what happens. Decades in the making.
  • There are two possible explanation for this: either the people who wrote this don't know what crucial technologies actually are, or they don't know anything about the real state of research.
    • OR, Americans are so convinced they are Number ONE in the world, they just assume anything that challenges that is "fake news".

      And the USA is just as bad for subsidising industries , giving hand outs to industries, special tax breaks, etc at federal and state levels.
      The USA has been caught multiple times putting spyware etc into technology, and given the state of the USA government at the moment, the USA is also untrustworthy.
  • by SmaryJerry ( 2759091 ) on Friday December 12, 2025 @02:50PM (#65854055)
    There has been a shift in the US to consider Social Science' a science. This has caused a massive amount of funding to be diverted from scientific programs in physics, chemistry, and biology to programs that study gender, race, sexuality, and other social topics. Advances in STEM fields research advances in technology while the social sciences arguable only improve equity and mental health.
    • You are a sucker. Good research funding has been undermined and corrupted since at least Nixon and it has not been shifting to social science it has been going DOWN hill. The war on education began during Nixon but didn't get momentum built up until Reagan. It's been a long time coming but it's now a downward trend and doesn't look likely to stop.

      There are endless areas to study and many are not as practical; however, it's popularity does the most to control it's size. Gender studies, etc. becoming too lar

  • Even if you normalize for the paper mill in China, they're still making tremendous progress. If US doesn't get its act together we're already starting our long down fall
  • by HnT ( 306652 ) on Saturday December 13, 2025 @09:01AM (#65855621)

    Surprise, surprise, but it looks like prioritizing science and scientific facts over (60s) radical-postmodern feelings really does pay off! Especially when the population does not have a choice since a totalitarian regime run by a mafia-esque clans party dictates it, and nobody is allowed to have human rights in the face of alleged progress. Everything has to bow to this essential highly diversified war-time economy.

    Meanwhile, in the last ten years the US was not sure about their identity and basic vaccines and really tripled-down on these partisan idiocracies. Highest of the high Maslow hierarchy bullshit!t that does not really serve anyone but the peddlers who push it so they can increase their personal influence over and bullying of others.

  • Seems a lot of people are buying into the CCP propaganda which is far from the truth.

Physician: One upon whom we set our hopes when ill and our dogs when well. -- Ambrose Bierce

Working...