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The Almighty Buck Science

Economic Inequality Does Not Equate To Poor Well-Being or Mental Health, Massive Meta-Analysis Finds (nature.com) 123

A new sweeping meta-analysis has found no reliable link between economic inequality and well-being or mental health, challenging a long-held assumption that has shaped public health policy discussions for decades. The study, led by Nicolas Sommet at the University of Lausanne and Annahita Ehsan at the University of British Columbia, synthesized 168 studies involving more than 11 million participants across most world regions. The researchers screened thousands of scientific papers and contacted hundreds of researchers to compile the dataset, extracting more than 100 study features from each paper and linking them to more than 500 World Bank indicators.

They also replicated their findings using Gallup World Poll data spanning 2005 to 2021, which surveyed more than two million respondents from more than 150 countries. People living in more economically unequal places did not, on average, report lower life satisfaction or happiness than those in more equal places. The average effect across studies was not statistically significant and was practically equivalent to zero. Studies that did find links between inequality and poorer mental health turned out to reflect publication bias, where small, noisy studies reporting larger effects were over-represented in the literature. The study adds: Further analyses showed that the near-zero averages conceal more-complex patterns. Greater income inequality was associated with lower well-being in high-inflation contexts and, surprisingly, higher well-being in low-inflation contexts. Greater inequality was also associated with poorer mental health in studies in which the average income was lower. We conclude that inequality is a catalyst that amplifies other determinants of well-being and mental health (such as inflation and poverty) but on its own is not a root cause of negative effects on well-being and mental health.

Economic Inequality Does Not Equate To Poor Well-Being or Mental Health, Massive Meta-Analysis Finds

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  • by hadleyburg ( 823868 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @01:35AM (#65898471)

    Does the study imply that poverty doesn't negatively affect wellbeing?

    I'm assuming that there are more poor people in an inequal society, compared to an equal one.

    • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 03, 2026 @01:57AM (#65898485)

      Basically it is an exercise in statistical bullshit.

      The "researchers":

      1. Collected some articles that report something or other,
      2. Quote an absurd number of eleventy million studied subjects, when they only deal with articles and never with anything else,
      3. In this manner they try to build an image of "huge" statistical base
      4. Then they "borrow" some statistical methods from the very close and relevant field of epidemiology to "adjust" what they perceive as "differences" between the reported outcomes of the articles they study and
      5. finally they compare the "data", thusly massaged, to a
      6. "random model" based on some recent "theories" about how poverty and mental health and self-assessed "well being" are unrelated and
      7. say, roughly, hey, the "adjusted" data we made up show no difference from our own random model, therefore our predefined conclusion, based on some theories that this is so [1] are valid.

      But it makes a beautiful narrative totally in line with the new politics, and therefore is likely to get a lot of traction, as we see in comment #1 already.

      1. These are the "theoretical basis" for the model and the adjustments

      Hirschman, A. O. & Rothschild, M. The changing tolerance for income inequality in the
      course of economic development. Q. J. Econ. 87, 544–566 (1973).

      Cheung, F. Can income inequality be associated with positive outcomes? Hope mediates
      the positive inequality–happiness link in rural China. Soc. Psychol. Pers. Sci. 7, 320–330
      (2016).

      Sommet, N. & Elliot, A. J. A competitiveness-based theoretical framework to study the
      psychology of income inequality. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 32, 318–327 (2023).

      • Agree on the stats (Score:5, Informative)

        by will4 ( 7250692 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @03:25AM (#65898555)

        Agree with your opinion on the statistics. It would greatly help if the many sub-optimal papers get retracted also. Those include

        - Self reported surveys
        - A too small (50?) sample size
        - Papers with a biased starting sample (surveying only middle aged white women) and generalizing to the entire population including men
        - Ones with survey questions which seek to confirm an already held conclusion (e.g., using "Is it OK to speed if you are driving a critically sick person to the hospital?" and reporting it as "Is it OK to speed?")
        - Papers which are an opinion piece with no backing data

        Then
        - Then evaluating papers with cite them as primary sources to see if they need to be retracted also.
        - Then evaluating papers from journals having a high level of retractions
        - Then evaluating papers which have many self-citations, citations from the journal's staff or colleagues, or citations from a circle of academics who cite each others work for cross-promotion
        - Then evaluating papers by authors and/or academic departments who have repeated retractions

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      I think the keyword here is "equate", which probably means "very strongly correlated". If it is merely strongly correlated, "does not equate" would already be true. Essentially a nice example for a lie by misdirection.

      • by will4 ( 7250692 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @03:28AM (#65898557)

        It begs the question, are those in poverty in other countries more likely to have both parents, more likely to have a strong community and extended family and less likely to overdo social media consumption?

        • by gweihir ( 88907 )

          No, it does not. But I notice you are too dumb to have understood the statement you answered to, so expecting you to understand anything here is probably a bit of a stretch.

          • What's not to understand? You made multiple speculative statements and concluded based on them that the authors are doing exactly what you're trying to do.

            Which is totally within your character, given your past comments. By the way, this paper has already passed peer review and been published in a pretty well known journal. That trumps your nicotine fueled speculation.

    • I'm assuming that there are more poor people in an inequal society, compared to an equal one.

      You know what they say about assumptions. Behind the iron curtain they didn't have homelessness, but they were all equally waiting in bread lines.

      • Behind the iron curtain they didn't have homelessness, but they were all equally waiting in bread lines.

        I'm not sure where you're trying to go with this. If you put a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage, in urban Moscow, but you still have the Holodomor in rural Ukraine, are you saying that's an improvement??

        Wait a fucking minute, was Stalin, was Moscow starving? Or was that Ukrainian farmers, rural peasants.

        How is equality the bad guy in this story, cause if Stalin was hungry I bet some fucking policy might have changed. Do you even think this stuff through?

    • by mad7777 ( 946676 )

      Economic inequality is not equal to "poverty". I didn't see the word "poverty" used here, and I don't know where you got that.
      An economically unequal society in one in which the wealthiest are far wealthier than the least wealthy. That's it. This might mean, for example, that a few people are billionaires, whereas the poorest members of society are just millionaires who only get to own two cars. Relative poverty is not (necessarily) actual poverty.

    • That was my first thought. The headline they wanted to write was something like "Poors are unhappy because they make stupid decisions, not because they are poor"

    • I've been both poor, and well off. As a child, my family was dirt-poor, with income around the Federal poverty line. But we were a happy family. Sure, there was stress about some expenses, but overall, our lives were good. Even my parents agree, so it's not just my childhood tunnel vision.

      As a software engineer, I've moved well into the upper middle class. While my own family remains happy, I know many others with similar incomes, who are terribly unhappy. Everything is always doom and gloom, though they ha

    • Why would you assume that? Observationally, it seems to me that "inequality' only matters when the total pie stops growing fast enough. Then people become obsessed with how the pie is divided rather than how they can help grow it (and, to be fair, the already rich then focus more on extracting rent from the non-rich than on wealth producing activities)

      • Observationally, it seems to me that "inequality' only matters when the total pie stops growing fast enough. Then people become obsessed with how the pie is divided rather than how they can help grow it

        Here's the fun thing with pie analogies. How are you slicing it?

        If the purchasing power in the rich people slice is reduced 10%, they buy fewer vacation homes. If the purchasing power of the poor people slice is reduced, they are fucked in the ass dry.

        What's the dry end of a pie you certainly must be asking yourself. That's the crust. So we cut the pie in concentric rings from the inside out. Warm gooey center upper class, firm tasty middle, then you have the end of pie, the crust.

        The total pie growing fast

    • Notice they are saying "inequality" and not poverty. The prevailing wisdom of the last couple of decades is that, in even fairly prosperous societies, the mere fact that there are very rich people makes others miserable, even if all of their needs are being met. So, the reason there is crime in places like Finland and Sweden, with fairly robust social safety nets and worker protections, is because rich people live there, too. It doesn't make any sense, but it's a Marxist reading of complex socioeconomic fac
      • The prevailing wisdom of the last couple of decades is that, in even fairly prosperous societies, the mere fact that there are very rich people makes others miserable, even if all of their needs are being met.

        Then why are you so miserable when those yuppies from California bought up all the housing inventory and made your property taxes go up? You couldn't get your driveway paved because all the crews were busy on bigger projects? Cost of lumber went up too much to finish your deck because out of state assholes bought all the new home construction?

        Ooooooh, ok, "that's different(TM)", that's not rich people existing. That's rich people ... spending money? Rich people spending money they didn't have before that yo

    • by SoftwareArtist ( 1472499 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @12:26PM (#65899209)

      This point is significant:

      Greater inequality was also associated with poorer mental health in studies in which the average income was lower.

      When the average income level is high, inequality doesn't necessarily mean a lot of poor people. But when the average income is low, inequality means a lot of people below the already low average.

      It's been known for a long time that the correlation between wealth and happiness mainly exists at the very low end. Poverty makes people unhappy. Once you have enough money that you're not worried about being able to satisfy your basic needs, further wealth has little or no benefit to happiness.

    • Does the study imply that poverty doesn't negatively affect wellbeing?

      I'm assuming that there are more poor people in an inequal society, compared to an equal one.

      No. You’re begging the question. That assumption is incorrect. The study equates happiness of the bottom quintile to success. In other words it favors improved outcome for the poor over lowered disparity. It’s really easy to lower disparity if outcomes are ignored - just redistribute wealth and justice based on identity (socialism, fascism, oligarchies, ethnostates, religious leadership, etc) instead of simply by individual need, merit, and productivity (classical liberalism).

      But history proves

  • by Truth_Quark ( 219407 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @01:36AM (#65898473) Journal
    Note that I couldn't get access to the paper, except for the abstract [nature.com].

    Greater inequality was also associated with poorer mental health in studies in which the average income was lower.

    This is the unsurprising fact. It implies that it's the closeness to poverty that has a negative impact on well-being and mental health.

    While inequality is a cause of that globally, there are plenty of parts of the first world that include the meaninglessly rich alongside the adequately resourced.

    On the other hand with less inequality globally, there'd be less poverty.

    • "While inequality is a cause of that globally, there are plenty of parts of the first world that include the meaninglessly rich alongside the adequately resourced."

      Why isn't universal basic income the obvious solution?

      • Why isn't universal basic income the obvious solution?

        It would help nothing. The super-rich would still be super-rich, and the super-poor would still be super-poor. Universal basic income has absolutely zero chance of ever working in a free society. Every time the government pumps more money into the economy, prices rise to compensate for it. The end result will always be economic harm to everyone who isn't already wealthy.

        • If the super poor have an inflation-indexed income sufficient to access enough material goods for a decent life, does your argument collapse?

          • Nope. The argument isn't about inflation, it's about feeling superior to those beneath you. Those with money and power are not going to give it up without a fight, because at the end of the day they need someone to look down upon in order to feel good about themselves. The more desperate others are, the better they feel. If everyone had their basic needs met, looking down on them becomes a lot harder. In some cases it's impossible. (Because the other person's happiness far out weighs their own by comparison
            • Why do you have a cartoonish view of rich people desiring others to be "lesser" or "beneath" them? Isn't the more likely story that rich people either don't really care about the poor or care just enough to engage in some occasional philanthropic activities? The poor people I al have encountered are poor through a combination of poor life choices and unfortunate situations, not rich people conspiring against them.
            • The argument isn't about inflation, it's about feeling superior to those beneath you.

              Isn't that what this meta-analysis refutes?
              Highly classed societies aren't, of themselves, contributing to poor wellbeing or mental health.
              Only where the average income is lower.

          • If the super poor have an inflation-indexed income sufficient to access enough material goods for a decent life...

            That won't happen any more than it does now. Look at what happened during the Covid lockdown. Trillions of addtional dollars were pumped into the economy, and the end result was a staggering inflation spiral. That had a short-term benefit to the super poor, but they were soon in the exact same situation they were in before the stimulus. That happens for many reasons, but the end result is that giving money to people will cause as many, if not more, problems than existed prior to the giveaway.

    • Exactly.

    • by geekmux ( 1040042 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @03:44AM (#65898565)

      On the other hand with less inequality globally, there'd be less poverty.

      As American taxpayers are finding out rather quickly with regards to Somalian “daycare”, there is no shortage of money to correct the problem of poverty. There is a massive fucking problem with what happens to that money.

      Fix the problem of anti-corruption enforcement. Make THAT the focus of equality with common laws and proper enforcement, and the problem of poverty evaporates.

      Poverty was solved long ago. Corruption wasn’t.

    • From the abstract:
      "Meta-regressions revealed that the adverse association between inequality and mental health was confined to low-income samples."

      What they appear to be saying is that, if you ignore the poor people, then income inequality doesn't negatively affect people. That seems like a disingenuous "analysis".

  • I feel that well-being can be a complicated and a many faceted thing and at the same time, well-being can also be a personal choice, that can happen at any time, anywhere, any place. And then gone in an instant.

    Thank goodness, as this study apparently shows, well-being is not something you can buy!

    • by drinkypoo ( 153816 ) <drink@hyperlogos.org> on Saturday January 03, 2026 @09:02AM (#65898889) Homepage Journal

      well-being is not something you can buy!

      Yes, of course it is. You can buy physical well being fairly directly, in the form of healthy food and adequate medical care. Some people have health problems we don't know how to fix yet, but for everyone else, it's a matter of lifestyle and care. Someone has to pay for the care.

      Mental well being is harder to just buy, but your economic status absolutely affects it, because having your needs met and not having to worry all the time (i.e. experience stress) absolutely improves mental health.

      The only societies in which inequality doesn't significantly affect average physical or mental health are those in which nearly everyone's needs are met. Otherwise, some people's are, and some aren't, and it's determined by economic status because capitalism is the worldwide dominant paradigm determining access to resources.

  • Confirming that people just don't know how bad they have it. Meanwhile, malnutrition, disease, and lack of access to clean resources and healthcare is killing them while the fat cats buy their 30th empty villa.
  • I imagine that a certain point, most people would have "enough money to not worry about the certain immediate doom".
    However i bet there's a few billion people that are not even in that.

    Also given certain lists being that were released and badly censored etc, you probably should have a study on the mental health of people with too much money.

    • Also given certain lists being that were released and badly censored etc, you probably should have a study on the mental health of people with too much money.

      Most successful CEOs exhibit psychopathic traits. We the defenders and definers of a “modern” society have deemed those traits as a good thing.

      What is the ACTUAL fucking problem here? The psychopath, or the ones putting psychopaths on a fucking pedestal to worship in MBA class?

      Studies don’t happen because the root cause is often found to be uncomfortably obvious.

  • by algaeman ( 600564 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @02:16AM (#65898497)
    Mental health problems are a good predictor of poverty. In the USA, if you don't have a wealthy family to take care of you, schizophrenia will pretty certainly put you out on the street or in another very bad economic situation.
    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      That is a third-world situation though.

      • I know someone with some significant mental difficulties where the only reason they're not on the street is that their parent owns their home and they don't have to pay rent.

        I work with people who cannot support themselves all day. For many of them, and AFAICT most of those to whom it applies long term, it is specifically due to mental health issues. I'm not trained to make diagnoses, so take that with any needed salt, but frankly if you work with enough people you learn to recognize some signs.

        I don't know

  • by hadleyburg ( 823868 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @02:35AM (#65898505)

    As with happiness, I suspect that well being is partly a mind set.

    i.e. Two people with exactly the same level of wealth, with exactly the same types of social relationships, etc., can have different levels of well being.

    One example is expectations. If you expect to be in a better situation than you are, then you will feel dissatisfied. If, on the other hand, you feel grateful for your current situation, then you are more likely to feel satisfied.

    This has bearing on how society chooses to look on various occupations. If society chooses to "respect" a wealthy few, and look down on blue collar work, then this will result in a greater number of people dissatisfied with their lot. If society gives genuine respect to manual labourers that diligently and responsibly carry out their work, then the opportunities for people to be contented with their role in society will be greater.

  • by FeelGood314 ( 2516288 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @02:43AM (#65898513)
    What matters to me and my family is the nominal amount we can consume. If my neighbor has 500 million in assets and he manages them well then that is good for me. If I choose to rent then I want there to be lots of profitable landlords competing for my rental income. I want there to be others that are earning lots of money so they can be taxed to pay for socialist things like healthcare. Wealth is just who owns the means of production. I want there to be lots of wealth so my labor is more productive. I don't want to be working and worrying 100 hours a week about my business and my employees and I probably wouldn't be good at it. I'm never going to risk my entire savings on a way to enable strangers on the internet to make transactions, I'm never going to invest everything on making electric cars sexy or building reusable rockets. It takes a certain personality (likely someone who most of us would call an asshole) to make risks like that.
    I want to live in a society where I can consume goods, housing, leisure and healthcare and not constantly worry about the future.
    I don't want a society were we demonize the wealthy so they leave or don't reinvest in what they did well, where we demonize landlords to the point no one invests in rental housing and the young lose all geographic mobility to find a career. I also don't want a society where we create artificial housing wealth by restricting home construction.

    At the end of the day I would rather be a poor person in society where there is a huge amount of consumption of all the things I want than be an asset or earning rich person in a society that has scarcity of the things I want to consume.
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]
    Note: These guys are heavily libertarian.
  • .. concluded a study initiated and paid for by super-rich people and carried out by the wealthy.

  • People living in more economically unequal places did not, on average, report lower life satisfaction or happiness than those in more equal places.

    Denial is a well-known and highly observed coping mechanism.

  • Ooops you no longer can. The US continues its mission to sanction and topple socialist/communist countries worldwide. With AI and robots about to take all jobs it would be nice to see how another economic system handles the transition to full automation but that is exactly what the elite and PTB do not want you to find out. Cuba probably next.
  • This study smells funny to me, likely agenda driven to assuage capitalist consciences (or those of the policy makers and implementers).

    But the conclusion does track with my own (limited) observations: the real issue is not wealth, but dignity. Individuals who have their needs reasonably met, plus a sense of security in those needs being met for the forseeable future, plus some sense of authonomy and opportunity for self-expression, will be more or less happy regardless of relative economic circumstances. Se

  • That framing treats poverty as exogenous to inequality. structurally, it is not. saying “inequality amplifies poverty” while denying it as a root cause is incoherent unless they redefine poverty narrowly. Income inequality contributes to poverty, economic insecurity, and differential exposure to inflation. These conditions directly reduce well-being and mental health. Inequality further exacerbates these effects by intensifying relative deprivation and limiting protective buffers.
  • The poor in the US are very well off compared to the poor in "developing" countries. In the West, we don't know what real poverty is.

    I volunteer with an inner city mission in Houston. The people we work with are considered the poorest of the poor. Yet they live in apartments, they have cars and smartphones, they have food. Yes, their poverty is real, but their basic needs are met.

    What we find, is that the happiness or wellbeing of these families, is tied more to their own perspectives and the way they choos

    • Exactly, after basic needs are fulfilled, the happiness starts depending on other non-material parameters. But there is still some unhappiness caused by "relative poorness".

  • by BrendaEM ( 871664 ) on Saturday January 03, 2026 @12:11PM (#65899183) Homepage
    I live on a fixed income. For the last few years, I have been trying to get my often-infected wisdom tooth out under Denta-Cal; they did not help me. I have been been trying to get housing under HUD, and have twice been taken off the wait list. The kitchen were I have been able to shelter until the apartment is emptied has been 50 degrees on average. My car, which I need to get to the hospital needs a lot of work. I have been having a lot of problems with Medicare and Social Security that cause me a lot of stress. I am now 60 years old--and somewhere in the back of my mind, even after 4 lung collapses, I dream of starting my life.
    • As we’re “learing” [sic] from Minnesota, HUD and Medicare are heavily weighted down with graft. This is sand in the gears. Clean it out. For example, now that third world Medicare-funded autism centers have been partially cleaned up, there are reports from families with actual autistics that they’re finding it much easier to get care.

  • If you believe this article, you should go spend time in the poorest parts of Iceland, then the poorest parts of South Africa.

Suburbia is where the developer bulldozes out the trees, then names the streets after them. -- Bill Vaughn

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