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Technology

Massive Bandwidth over Powergrids? 111

The LoneSmurf wrote in to send us a news.com story that talks about soem company's new technology that they claim will allow gigabits of bandwidth to any outlet in your home. The article talks about the skepticism, but there really isn't much technical stuff in there for us to consider. It sure would be great, although I'm not holding my breath.
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Massive Bandwidth over Powergrids?

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  • by Anonymous Coward
    Solution: Buried power lines. At the current or projected cost, it's still cheaper than solar arrays. Besides, solar panels aren't exactly attractive either. Don't get me wrong, I'm all for living off the grid, but there are large amounts of the United States (let alone the world) that solar power isn't usable. The rest of the world is not like the Southern California. I looked up the statistics once, and where I live, there are as many cloudy days as there are sunny days in California. Solar power is a joke where I'm located at. Ditto with windmills. Unfortunately, the grid is the only reliable source of power in the area. And we all know the problems with power company power, coal pollutes + nat. gas, hydro kills rivers, nuclear has that 'leftover' problem, and geothermal isn't exactly available nationally.

    Solution: Support Fusion research!
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Solar power? With less than 1kW/m^2, if you have 100% efficient solar panels? Which means we will need a greater area of solar panels than just the roof of every structure. And you think power lines are ugly?
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Transformers lead to attenuation of high frequencies.
    Attenuation leads to phase distortion.
    Phase distortion leads to suffering (at least in Quake).
  • by Anonymous Coward
    I have a question for all the solar energy fans out there... does anyone know how these lovely eco friendly phtovoltaic cells are made? You would throw up your processed tofu sandwich if you knew what chemicals and toxins were needed and released into the atmosphere with each one. Not to mention the energy needed to make them generally is close to what they will produce over their entire lifetime under normal circumstances... unless you live somewhere incredibly sunny that is.

    Also as to fusion, someone else mentioned they have almosted reached breakeven: this is not true. Last time I visited the Tokomak in Princeton they had already reached breakeven several times, and that was at least four years ago (don't remember exactly when).

    Me.
  • by Anonymous Coward
    I agree...
    What I don't understand is what is amazing about this at all. They talk of modifying the "mag field on the electrons". Fine. Then you hit a transformer and this modified magnetic field gets destroyed. So you have to climb ever 4th hydro pole in North America and replace the transformer or modify it so that this magnetic information is somehow passed on to the lower voltage "signal" that goes to the house.
    Now, I look out my window now and see Fibre on the pole. So it looks like that we are back to the last mile equation, except that the cable and phone are ahead.
    Unless I am missing something and scientists/EE are now able to encode Gigabits of information on electron's magnetic field and then maintain it when the electrons energy is used in a transformer to generate a (2nd, kind of) magnetic field which transfers the energy to the other coil.
    My two cents.

    Sety anagram@ns.sympatico.ca - forgot pass.
  • by Anonymous Coward
    I don't know much about this, but I think they're
    only planning to cover the distance between the local powerstation and your house. The powerstation would then be connected to the Internet through normal means, making it kind of
    your ISP.

    Connecting a powerstation to the internet through a special cable is quite cheap, connecting hundreds of appartments using the same technique is not, so there are some great savings to be made.

    /Tord
  • Here's more broad-band hype. The only people who get the benefits of broadband are the first adopters. As the use of broadband increases, the Fourier transform shows us that the noise floor increases.

    Bandwidth in ANY medium is intrinsically limited. TANSTAAFL.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 31, 1999 @05:01AM (#1873102)
    Those amateurish diagrams on MediaFusion's web page; the utter drivel standing in for non-existent technical information; natter about "inscribing" the data onto the low-frequency AC; the complete doubletalk crap about "modulating [not their word] the magnetic field" as if it were possible to manipulate that independently of the megawatts of 60 cycle; the bibliography clearly stuffed with impressive sounding titles culled from random sources; and that's only a few things that come to mind.

    If this isn't a hoax - and hyping a technology similar to one that has already been developed and set aside because it falls drastically short of the bandwidth needed to be useful for a large number of connections (MF shows their "head-end" interface connected to a substation - oh, and notice that they don't show their fabulous technology being used for the uplink from there - that's exciting new microwave to the local telco CO) ... where was I? Oh, yes: if this isn't a hoax, where "hoax" includes falling short of the fantastic bandwidth claims, then it would be pretty exciting - nearly as much so as The Phantom Money-maker has been. But I have the strongest suspicion that, like TPM, it will turn out to be so much simulation and special effects. If there were a real revolution here they wouldn't have a picture of their network that look so very much like a bad imitation of "how X10 can automate your home appliances."

    Really, it's hard to choose what to criticize here: it's all so utterly bilge from end to end.

    I give it a 0 on the plausibility scale, and then take some points away for being two months behind its rightful time.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 31, 1999 @05:14AM (#1873103)
    I'm posting AC b/c I'm not sure if this'll
    get me in trouble or not. I think it is common
    knowledge but I could be mistaken.

    I work for NT and one problem they ran into in the
    UK tests of this technology is the fact that any
    large metal objects that the power lines were
    connected to (i.e. street lights, etc) started
    acting like huge radio transmitters, broadcasting
    the data everywhere.
  • Posted by Sylvar:

    The reason that I actually look forward to using the phone company's copper, and dread the electric company's copper, is that the former is accustomed (in the US at least) to an all-you-can-eat pricing scheme for local calls. The electric companies would be unlikely to even consider that sort of scheme. I've got a cable modem. If I want ISDN, I know where to find it.
  • by Eccles ( 932 )
    "I have a question for all the solar energy fans out there... does anyone know how these lovely
    eco-friendly phtovoltaic cells are made?"

    For a solar power "plant", you can use parabolic mirrors to greatly increase your effective surface area per cell. Not much help for getting off the grid, but it does help solar plants come closer to cost-effectiveness.

    Conservation probably holds out the most hope for reducing pollutants. Fluorescent bulbs that are plug-in replacements for incandescents, better insulation, more efficient heating/cooling systems & other appliances, flat panel TVs, etc., all could help to reduce power consumption, both reducing pollution and saving money. Heck, the web could help too, as we could do more online shopping and less driving around for what we need.
  • The fact that we can't do it now doesn't mean we can't do it with a new technology soon. Also, didn't you see that story a while back that Siemens or some comapany got 1 Terabit/sec over a single strand of fibre? As long as you didn't die a few months ago, that barrier was broken in your lifetime.
  • 2) Nearby street lights broadcast the signal
    Um... this is just plain silly. But the signal can be snooped by your neighbors who share your transformer. So we encrypt the data. Problem solved.

    You miss the obvious -- that all this excess radiation is going to cause interference all over the place. It's bad enough that a 50/60Hz hum and associated harmonics are always showing up in wires everywhere due to the lack of shielding in powerlines and house wiring, but now you want to spew even more RMI throughout the spectrum with your networking-over-powerlines hack?

    Powerlines were never designed to carry bandwidths required for transmitting data signals. As such, they lack fundamental safeguards against RMI such as shielding and are thus unsuitable for data networking.

  • I concur. I can't imagine why a lightbulb would not radiate radio signals if powered by electricity containing said high frequency components. At a very high frequencies, any sharp corner becomes a transmitter, a problem in microchips too. On most light bulbs that I look at, there is an element suspended between two conducting wires, a sharp corner in the cunduction path. Any bulb that uses coiled conducting elements can have a similar effect.

    Remember that at a few hundred feet, a watt of radio frequency can cause significant interference. My radio knowledge is limited so I can't pull any numbers around to make a case.

  • I don't know about your one watt figure. I do know that a college instructor of mine told a story about how, during his Marine days, he would be able to fry a steak in a microwave signal when they were tuning the station. (They probably run at much lower power when in actual operation, though.)

    Even though there's a big difference in the amount of energy in a microwave station vs. a radio station, the microwave station's signal is much more focused, and could perhaps cause more damage. Enviromentalists are concerned about this very problem re: endangered species of birds who live on military bases that use microwave signaling. (Granting that the birds wouldn't be there in the first place if the bases weren't such good habitat for them, it's still an issue.)

    Nobody's too upset about microwaves now because the only ones using them are the military and the phone companies. This may be a different story, though, if everybody and their cousin Earl start putting up towers.
  • Not only would shielding be a problem, but what about the sharp spikes created by light dimmers? Those SCR's turn full on anywhere in the 60 Hz cycle (they are great noise machines for AM radios.)

    At work, we have hundreds of motor controllers up to 500,000 watts that make an oscilloscope on the mains light up due to noise (and that's after the snubbers AND isolation transformers.) So, there might be a problem with communications in many places...
  • You might not be able to switch at that speed, but you can modulate on multiple lower frequencies.

    This makes me wonder why consumers just can't use microwaves for high bandwidth transmission. There is a lot of bandwidth and an amazing amount of channels at 2GHz and above.

    To minimize cross traffic in high density areas, they are line of sight. Depending on the antenna, they can be sharply focused at a target or in a broad beam.

    I have seen X-band door openers for low as $20. Surely, these can cheap enough for consumer use.

    For people afraid of microwaves turning people green with colorful cancerous bumps out of your head, just think about the energy level of a 1 watt microwave transmitter that can be used for a computer versus a 100,000 watt radio station transmiter. The telephone company uses microwaves for relay stations, but I doubt they want this to catch on...
  • by dattaway ( 3088 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @05:05AM (#1873113) Homepage Journal
    In the US, most places I have seen have a transformer on every street corner. Its because great savings on wire and current losses can be realized with long skinny wires to a 13,500 volt transformer. A skinny wire to your block and a big, fat cable to your house is cost effective. Transformers have other benefits as well, like absorbing much of direct lightning hits.
  • by dattaway ( 3088 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @04:45AM (#1873114) Homepage Journal
    Promise the world and watch that stock price jump. +4.44 points? Look at some the claims:

    ... the company has said individual consumers could get network connections of 2.5 gigabits per second--an estimate the company calls highly conservative ... But even at that speed, one could download the entire contents of an average computer's hard drive in a second

    2.5 Gigabit is a long ways away from a 6.5 gigabyte hard drive.

    Anyhow, I suppose you could have a high bandwidth transmission over the power lines, even without the high frequencies. Just imagine the transmission as a current loop with the current modulated at extreme levels. Unfortunately, the cost considerations to do this seem very interesting.
  • by MouseR ( 3264 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @05:09AM (#1873115) Homepage
    Hydro-Quebec tested this idea on their power lines. The original idea was to use their lines as a connection between their different (and usually far-apart) plants.

    After a successfull technological trial, they thought they could actually serve the entire province and split off an ISP branch.

    However, plans did not go through for a couple of reasons, at that time (this was 5-7 years ago):

    a) the transiant background noise would make it impractical for most purposes

    b) the CRTC (broadcast gestapo of Canada) did not grant Hydro-Quebec with a permit to broadcast signal, citing unfair advantage.

    The second reason would probably be moot today, as their tigh... regulatory board, loosened up a bit in the last couple of years.
  • This has already been done in scots cities, the only time I've seen wires above gound is outwith city/town's where it's just too expensive to bury them.

    I don't know about the rest of the UK/Europe though.
  • > I don't know about the rest of the UK/Europe though.
    Yeah, most of the UK uses buried power lines and so does many european countries.
    --
  • If this is ever made to work practically, it will be at most a limited version of what the TV cable companies are doing to provide internet service on their much cleaner wires, and it will have less bandwidth than cable modems.

    The main problem with this is that power lines are not nearly as well-balanced as the twisted-pair that feeds your phone. The result is that any signal on them tends to be radiated, and the FCC takes a poor view of this as would any radio users.

    Even DSL is a problem in this way - the phone lines were not intended to be used at DSL frequencies and the result is often broadband radio interference where DSL is used. The problem is much worse for power lines.

    There's also the problem that the transformers probably won't pass high frequencies too well, and someone will have to put bypass capacitors on every one of them to get the signal around the transformer.

    By the way, here in North America we use 60 Hz, while Europeans use 400 Hz. Another poster had that backwards. 400 Hz transformers can be lighter and smaller than 60 Hz ones, but you probably still have a lot of them (even if you don't notice them).

    I want switched fiber to the home. Maybe in a decade.

    Thanks Bruce Perens

  • by Ewan ( 5533 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @08:17AM (#1873119) Homepage Journal
    I wont comment on all of your post, but living 1mile from the norweb trials of net over powerlines test, i can safely say for the 1st 2 weeks of the test, the street lights most certainly did ficker, though it was later rectified.
  • by httptech ( 5553 )
    Let's not do this. We need an excuse to get
    rid of ugly power lines, not an excuse to keep
    them. We're not working fast enough on solar
    power alternatives as it is.
  • All this is exactly my point. If we would spend
    the money to research solar, we would come up with
    better efficiency, enough to make it viable outside of "hot" places. Right now photovoltaics
    are only converting around 13% of the sun's energy they receive. With better efficiency, (and better storage, like flywheels instead of batteries) it could be viable anywhere. The problem is the
    money for R&D isn't there while conventional fuel prices are cheap.

    Although fusion is also a nice alternative too...
  • by httptech ( 5553 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @10:01AM (#1873122) Homepage
    Um, how much electricity do _you_ use?
    1 kilowatt is a lot of juice for one square meter... I could get over a hundred of those
    on my roof... I could probably power the whole
    neighborhood with that kind of power. The max
    you could run into a home is 44 kW, given 220 volts with standard 200 amp cable coming in.
    And nobody's going to be using 44 kW unless they're growing marijuana in the attic or something.

    Of course, 100% efficiency isn't going to happen.

    And the ugliest solar panel array I've seen is
    still better looking than the powerlines strung
    all over the place... maybe it's different in
    your town. But newer designs are incorporating
    the solar cells into roofing shingles, so they
    aren't that bad looking.

    And someone mentioned batteries being a disposal
    problem- right! Flywheels are the answer, as soon
    as they can develop the right composites that
    don't explode when they break at 10000 rpms.
  • Nearby street lights broadcast the signal is in fact a fact. It happened in Britain. It is not rumour, and it is not just plain silly.

    --
  • There's been alot of comments on bypassing the transformers. We already know what the frequency is of what we want to block - 60hz. Why not simply use a low-pass or bandpass filter and then throw a wire across the transformer. That would eliminate the interference caused by the transformer.

    Now you need to figure out the attenuation problems (high frequency = high attenuation).



    --
  • This is available *now* in the UK and as far as I know the rest of Europe. It's really not new technology at all, though I think it was easier for them to implement overseas because they use a lower frequency current. I don't recall who offers it but I'll find it and repost...
  • by atw ( 9209 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @04:57AM (#1873126) Homepage
    Problem is that while it's possible to provide high-bandswidth for home countries, how would it help with misery trans-atlantic link? What if your super-duper VideoPhone works for US/Canada and you can't call your friend in the UK?

    However, we need cheap high speeds anyway and this is a viable option. Problem is that telco's don't really want this happen as it would ruin their business where they charge people for (previously) limited resource (bandswidth). They should face that in 21st century (which is right behind the corner) bandswidth will be right and not priviledge. The only major difference between humans and other's repsesentative of the Mother Nature is ability to COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY.



    AtW,
    http://www.investigatio.com [investigatio.com]
  • by olle ( 10428 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @04:58AM (#1873127) Homepage
    Nortel has done testing in the UK for these type of communicatons.
    As I recall they took advantage of the fact that most powercables there run underground, so they are pretty well shielded from the start.
    As someone else pointed out, you can't get the signal past the nearest transformer. The point is that most newer transformerstations already have optic fibre installed. Most underground cableinstallations today lay down optic fibre together with the power cables out of foresight.

    /olle
  • Some months ago I have read that a similar technology is going to be tested in a selected group of houses in Milano, Italy. The expected bandwidth is around 1Mb/s. Unfortunately I have no link or better details on this...

  • I love how the drooling idiots at news.com make the comment that 2.5 Gigabits/s "isn't quite" the same as an Exabit/s. Can you say "understatement"?

    Ignoring the fact that an Exabit is one million times larger than a Gigabit, there's also the problem of routing - there isn't a router built that could possibly handle those kinds of speeds. I mean, c'mon, they can't even handle Gbps levels at reasonable cost yet.

    Maybe news.com should be renamed "wedontknowwhatweretalkingaboutbutwelltakeyouradve rtisingdollars.com" or something.

  • by Render ( 11706 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @05:37AM (#1873130)
    A lot of posts on this board seem to think that sending network signals over powerline is a brand new idea, or that it is impossible or requires special insulation on the wires. The company I work for (Intelogis) has had a product out for nearly a year now that is a cheap, albiet slow, powerline network.

    There are a few problems with powerline networking that people have brought up. I'm just a software guy at this company, but I'll try and address some issues that have been brought up here.

    1) It can't go over transformers

    Well, no. A transformer is the physical limit of any kind of powerline network, since it gibbers up the signal so much. Powerline can be used to distribute broadband once it reaches the home, but it can't carry the signal TO the home.

    2) Nearby street lights broadcast the signal

    Um... this is just plain silly. But the signal can be snooped by your neighbors who share your transformer. So we encrypt the data. Problem solved.

    3) It's too slow

    Yes. Our current product only runs at 350K, making it a bad solution for technology shops. It's primarily aimed at the home office or the small office. We don't use it ourselves here at work since we have bigger bandwidth needs than that. But we are going to be releasing a 2 megabit product later this year, and hopefully a 10 megabit product soon. That's nowhere near the gigabit range this company in the article is claiming. Personally, I think it's all hype. They'll milk their shareholders for a year or two, and then call it quits. (Our company, on the other hand, has had a working example of a powerline network on store shelves for a year.)

    4) Light dimmers will spike the signal.

    A lot of things will cause the network to drop packets. Our current product will detect that and just re-send whatever packets were dropped, same as any other network protocol. Our next product has a lot more redundancy built into it; we send multiple signals at different frequencies, and they don't all get disrupted at once.

    5) There is a lot of bandwidth in the power grid that we could be using

    Yes. But to send a signal over powerline, you have to send it at such a high frequency to avoid interference over the wire that the signal tends to bleed off. (I don't understand all the physics behind it myself...) Power lines are noisy, but they can carry some signal. They are not practical for connecting a whole city block to the Internet. Powerlines really are not a good solution for getting broadband to your home. But power companies could use other ways to get a broadband signal at least to the transformer and from there pump it into the home with powerline.

    6) Star Wars Episode I isn't making any money.

    Ha! Star Wars is cleaning up at the box office right now. Where did you read this? CNN or some other similar trash network?

    If anyone's interested in checking out our product, we've open sourced our drivers. You can get them at:

    http://www.intelogis.com/opensource/

    (Render sits back and waits for the flames...)
  • by Christopher Thomas ( 11717 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @06:00AM (#1873131)
    The fact that we can't do it now doesn't mean we can't do it with a new technology soon. Also, didn't you see that story a while back that Siemens or some comapany got 1 Terabit/sec over a single strand of fibre?


    Fiber has the wonderful advantage of being extremely easy to shield. It's a lot harder to do that to electrical cables. Also, the ultimate bandwidth available on fiber and other optical carriers is huge. Electrical systems are much more limited (shielding is difficult, parasitic capacitance and inductance are big problems, and the electrical characteristics of the wire itself get ugly at very high frequencies).


    And this isn't about transmitting over something like cable, which is shielded and optimized for data transfer - it's about transmitting over household wiring. Household wiring is unshielded and has very messy geometry. It also has a huge number of devices with wildly varying electrical characteristics hanging off of it. Unless you're working under ideal conditions, trying doing serious data transfer over it would produce a garbled mess.


    Phone lines within a house are a bit better, as there's less crud hanging off of them. Shielding still isn't great. 10 megabit has been achieved in commercial products, here.


    As far as transmitting high frequency data over a city's power grid, good luck. Reflections, interference, and cross-talk will be nightmares.


    We'll need a fiber infrastructure at some point anyways. I say just push for it instead of trying to use existing copper networks.

  • by Detritus ( 11846 )
    How is this going to work without totally trashing the HF/VHF spectrum with interference?

    The current situation is pretty bad. There is a lot of poorly designed, shielded and maintained electrical/electronic equipment in use.

    I hope the FCC and other spectrum management regulatory agencies are keeping an eye on this.

  • by Rayban ( 13436 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @04:29AM (#1873133) Homepage
    Well, I think this is not only a good idea, but one which is easily possible. If you have ever scoped AC signals before, you'll know that there is a lot of noise at a lot of high frequencies.

    It should be trivial to harness some of the higher bands for transmitting data. The only problem is that power cables used to transmit the data would probably have to be extensively shielded, as they would become transmitters and receivers, either losing or broadcasting the data signals at points. Normally, as the AC single is just a 60Hz signal, power cables are often just shielded to protect against the elements, not against transmission of signals.
  • by jerodd ( 13818 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @07:11AM (#1873134) Homepage
    The electromagnetic radiation produced from a power line with an exobit carrier is going to radiate gamma rays in the 0.3 nanometer range. In addition, the circuitry neccessary to modulate that fast over copper has got to be ridiculous. I have yet to see any electronics that can handle that kind of data rate.

    While I certainly hope this company's claims are true--I wouldn't mind a gigabit pipe into my home--those promising `virtually unlimited' bandwidth should be viewed with the same skepticism those who promised virtually unlimited energy from a cold cup of water were in the last decade. Let them prove their work--perhaps write an article for a scientific journal detailing their work (they may patent their work if they need to keep it a secret)[1].

    Cheers,
    Joshua.

    [1] This is not intended to be an endorsement of the current patent situation.

  • by Raven667 ( 14867 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @08:58AM (#1873135) Homepage
    Yes you are certifiably paranoid.

    -----BEGIN OFFTOPIC-----
    That said, any "Big Brother" organization that wanted to tap into many homes and businesses would logically turn to power lines as a data transmission medium. The trick is to have consumer devices that transmit data without the designers knowing about it (forgetting about the problem with Transformers for the moment). I can think of very few ways that "Big Brother" could surveil so many people in their homes. Other possibilities inlcude the phone network and of course Echelon.

    Each of these would require the complicity of many organizations, hardware and software techs/vendors, repair techs, and others. While an automated system, that is not actually connected to the rest of the world, such as Echelon can hear much--complete and total omniscientness(sp? I made this up) is still too manpower intensive and requires too many people who know about it. Remember: The ability to keep a secret is inversly proportional to the number of people who know about it.

    The intelligence industry is composed of individuals, just like you and me, they are not perfect and not all-knowing. Infact many are incompetant, good, moral, evil, power-hungry, insecure, long-hair, crew-cut, and have wife, family, sister, father, new Camaro, and are just like you.
    -----END OFFTOPIC-----
  • Broadband wireless? I thought that is what
    www.teledesic.com was doing. Oh wait, its
    founders include Bill Gates. Eeek. Nice
    interesting technology outside that fact,
    however.
  • by KeefR ( 15588 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @06:05AM (#1873137) Homepage
    I attended some meetings with german companies and cooperations with foreign firm (uk, us, canada), who are testing digital powerline in germany.
    At the moment they are testing it under real life conditions and get speed at about 1 Mbit/s at the max. Under controlled enviroment they achieve about 2 MBit/s and they're talking about 10 Mbit/s. I don't think they'll get 2 Mbit/s or even 1 Mbit/s for the average user (here in germany about 200 househoulds share a connection to an electric transformator and so share the maximum connection speed. Perhaps you'll get about 256kbit/s at the moment (because at the beginning not so many people use this technology)).
    I don't think that at the moment gigabit-speed is realistic because you don't have a controlled enviroment. Every household has extended it's powerline (just thinking about the wires in my student flat....) .
    I like to have a high speed internet access in my room (with the digital powerline, adsl...who cares), but while listening to the marketing people at some firms (for example the Bewag, the Berlin Electric Company who is testing the digital powerline) I get a strange feeling. They aren't talking about high speed internet access or an alternativ to access the plain old telephone network. They're talking about new services like securing your home or your car (they want to use devices in the street lights to stay in contact with your car and detect unauthorized movement of it....imagine: someone call's you: your car is stollen, but we already got the thief.....). It sounds a little bit like big brother is watching you to me...

    Bye,
    Keef (enjoying his 10 Mbit/s Connection over a Laser Link)
  • If the data were encrypted, that could be a positive attribute! Cordless networks with infinite range!
  • but my Step-mother's cousin is developing at his company that sounds similar to this story.

    Apparently there is a whole mess of EM "space" in electrical power lines that are not used for anything... only a small portion is actually used to carry electricity. So, my cousins' company is developing a way so that Power companies can use that "space" to transmit data about the usage/time etc. Obviously, this is really good for places with very remote communities that you can't get a meter reader to.

    They had a two or three provinces in China very interested in the technology...

    Anyway, I seem to remember him saying something along the lines that there is a whole lot of bandwidth in the Power Grid that we could be using... it'd be cheap too.;)
  • A lot of the arguments about this have assumed the typical digital on/off signal, so exabits of data per second requires a "carrier" at ridiculously high frequency. However, what little there is on their web pages suggests something more subtle, making use of the continuously variable amplitude, for example. Something like the way an AM radio signal works perhaps. Amplitudes could potentially contain an infinite quantity of information (encoded say in the decimal or binary digit sequence associated with the numerical amplitude). Obviously you have to be more subtle about it to get around attenuation and noise - and any technique they use there should be applicable to other communications mechanisms - wireless too for example - perhaps this is related to spread-specturm radio? But in principle it seems something like this could be workable...

    For example, one way to get around attenuation is to send signals at two frequencies that should attenuate almost identically - then compare the two amplitudes to get your signal, rather than just looking at one of them. If they've got a way to get through transformers (and from their diagrams it looks like they make it all the way from the home through several local transformers to a substation) they've probably figured out something even more subtle...
  • power cables are often just shielded to protect against the elements

    Only the drop to the house is normally insulated and only because the wires are twisted. This prevents short circuits. The high voltage lines are not insulated. Insulation costs money and has weight. More weight means more poles/towers. It's much cheaper to just run bare steel cable.

    Of course this means that birds with large wing spans (i,e, Eagles, Ospreys) get fried when getting between the high voltage and the tower structure which is grounded.

    I would bet that this company runs into the "last mile" problem all companies run into whether they be phone, electric or cable.
  • All this is exactly my point. If we would spend the money to research solar, we would come up with better efficiency, enough to make it viable outside of "hot" places.

    Efficieny doesn't matter if you're getting more cloudy days than sun days. Even assuming this isn't a problem, I can think of several instances where a power grid is necessary. For example, take a 20 story condo, I'm pretty sure the building is using up more energy than can be produced by solar panels covering the roof of the building.
  • http://www.nortelnetworks.com/corporate/technology /tech_features/ip_initiatives/b_h igh.html [nortelnetworks.com]

    Funny, Nortel has been doing alot of investigation into this "implausible" technology. Really, this is old news. Not as fast as the article in question claims but very feasable.

    Now how about something about broadband wireless networking...that would really be news.

  • My understanding was the reasons they didn't use it was because it was *very* short-haul. They'd have to install some kind of repeaters on the order of >1 per mile. for in-home I can see how it might be useful but I'd be surprised to see the power companies shell out tons of $$ to build the infrastructure necessary to carry data over their grid, not to mention managing the business end of things, and it's really not very hard to run wire/fibre in a home. There's also wireless.
  • This reminds me of the pulse radio technology [time-domain.com].
    Measured before on slashdot.org and FreakTech [sunsite.auc.dk]
    Maybe they have combined the pulse radio technology in a power grid modem.
    The companies claim of gigabit/s is far faster that the europaen experiments, whish have transferee speed around megabit/s.
    Knud
  • I live out in the part of Massachusetts that the Bostonians forget about. (Pittsfield?!?! Remember that?!?!) Phone lines are horrible. 56Kbps modem maybe gets 33-40Kbps. We are 150% copper. Some of the lines in the southern county are still wrapped in paper! We need fiber bad. But the TelCo will not spend the money because we are forgoten and unimportant compared to the Boston side. *sigh*
  • Oh, I wasn't saying having ten times as many transformers isn't cost-effective. I don't know anything about that.
    But when that UK internet transmission first got press, the articles explained that the multitude of transformers in the US meant it wasn't practical there.
    So it can't be the same tech (unless this new company is amazingly stupid. . .)
    Wouldn't it be nice if these "General Interest" technology stories had a "Technical information" hyperlink that gave all the nitty gritty instead of making us guess?

    Aaron
  • The UK/Europe technology
    a. isn't in use because street lamps tend to transmit the data as radio signals
    b. isn't appliacable to the US because the US power network uses ten times as many transformers, and transformers must be routed around, which is not worth it in the US.
  • I have two points:

    1) If they max out single mode fiber at about OC-192 now (realistic - I know about NEC and others with their experimental setups), then how can I get 2.5 gigabits over a crappy piece of a) steel wire rope (high tension lines - self supporting) or b) regular house wiring (usually plastic coated copper)?

    2) This sounds a lot like an MLM scam... er program. Like "twisted pair technology" that was supposed to get 10 megabits to a webtv type box over a phone line.
  • It was NEC. Read about it in my SONET book. It was actually quite a while ago too. It was using doped optical amplifiers.
  • Ballard Power Systems up here in BC make Hydrogen fuel cells, using a proton exchange membrane. They are pretty cool. But this is a really off topic post.
  • NorWeb are actually gonna roll out this service within their region later this year.

    They're calling it DPL - Digital PowerLine.

    They claim that bandwidth will be up to 1Mb, degrading slightly under peak load.. :0)

    Now that'd be nice!

  • well, flame #1: You released the source, but not under an open source license. Really you should contact the trademark holders and ask if your license is an open source license before you go claiming it is. As it is you are misusing the trade mark and the open source board is obligated to enforce their trademark. There's more to "open source" than merely releasing the source code. Users must be free to work with it freely, including not having to tell you every time they modify a file. The "Open Source" trademark violation aside, the privacy issues of requiring someeon contact you before they do programming in the privacy of their own home is chilling.
  • Under optimal conditions you can do some HF DX'ing using a 100-watt lightbulb for an antenna - At least according to Gordon What's-His-Face, God's Gift to Amateur Radio books

    :>

    I see no reason why a mile-long array of omnidirectional vertical ground-plane antennas (like for example street lights) couldn't carry for at least a hundred miles, depending on frequency. You could easily get a few thousand if it was low enough to go sky-wave.

  • O.K. so it may be a good idea, but isn't anyone a little scared of plugging 110V AC into anything other than your power-supply.

    if your AC-NIC fails, and sends that current into your system you're gonna be replacing alot of pieces.

    -or worse if it send it out over your LAN.
  • There is no technology on this world that can transmit exobits per second. (Should probably be exAbits.)
    Gigabits: no problem (but a big problem when transmitting over powerlines), Terabits: not yet (maybe someday during my lifetime). Exabits: probably not during my lifetime.
  • >Really, it's hard to choose what to criticize >here: it's all so utterly bilge from end to
    >end.

    Correct. They claim analog signals have an almost infinite information carrying capacity. Not according to Shannon! There is a limit to the amount of information a channel can carry regardless of the equipment used. A telephone line is actually much better information transmission medium than a power line. I would be surprised if anyone can get more information over a power line than a telephone line. Big wires do not translate into large information capacity.
  • Technically, patents DO not keep your trade secrets, well, secrets. You must document your secrets clearly and present that to the Patent Office in order to receive a patents.

    this is why companies like Coca-Cola don't bother patenting their formula's. They rather keep it a secret, and pray that some other company doesn't stumble across their formula.

    And Patents do eventually run out... Secrets can only be found.
  • The fastest we were able to get the thing to go was 1200 baud bi-directional, 2400 baud sustained, 9600 burst. The devices we were making weren't exactly cheap either. I'm not sure I remember the exact laws governing the use of power lines for data communication, but I seem to remember that the frequency band available for widespread broadcast of data over power lines is extremely narrow. Localized communication was a little more loosely regulated, if I recall properly. I can't help but think that there either have been or will be regulatory issues if their going to live up to these kinds of promises. If i'm not mistaken, you can also buy a power line based analog device from radio shack for turning a power outlet into a telephone extension cord.
  • by CabanaBoy ( 33592 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @06:42AM (#1873163)
    With all the hullabaloo surrounding Echelon recently, how do we know that such a system is not already in place? Think about it:

    That new toaster you bought with the cool digital lightness/darkness controller in it... Is it tapped? The element inside could be adapted into a crude microphone, picking up conversations and feeding them to voice recognition Automata in the controller. The controller could screen for potentially illicit keywords, like "Bomb" or "Tinky-Winky". The conversation could then be broadcast to an Echelon archiving site through the local power grid.

    And why not a toaster? In every civilized nation on the planet, the truly important conversations happen in the kitchen. The reason is simple, really - that's where the food is.

    Unplug your toaster NOW!

    =)

    If you think this (my sense of humor) is disturbing, think about how easy this would be to implement.
  • http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_3 54000/354646.stm
    A demo house in the UK (not known for its sunny days) which has produced 50% more electricity than it has used.
    http://www.pv.unsw.edu.au/
    World record holders for PV cell efficiency - 25%

    Generally the idea is that you remain connected to the grid and any excess energy produced (like during the day when you are at work and dont use lights or the TV etc) gets fed into the grid for 'storage' (actually used at places that need it) and then you suck it back out at night when you are at home and you need it. This means that power stations don't need to be as big and are mainly there to handle the peaks and the off hours.

    Of course, having an energy efficient building and appliances goes a long way to help.

    And PV cells just need light to operate - so even when it is cloudy, they are still generating, just not as much as with direct sunlight.
    .
  • by Toth ( 36602 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @04:32AM (#1873165)
    It can be implemented easier in Europe because they commonly have more houses served from each power transformer. In North America (Canada, at least) there are often only four or five households served by each step-down transformer on the pole. The signal would have to be injected at the secondary side of the transformer since I can't imagine high speed data passing through a big ol' iron-core transformer optimized for 60 Hz.
  • Personally, I'm not that impressed with solar power yet. There's a long way to go before the price/efficency levels get to the viable point for home power. It makes a decent cheap water heater in some areas, but certainly isn't suitable for all areas.
    I'm looking forward to the propane or natural gas powered fuel cells that are supposed to start hitting the home market next year. Forget clunky diesel backup generators, forget ugly power lines, just a big natural gas connection :) In some areas this may not be good, but there are several areas where natural gas or propane prices are really low compared to electricity prices.

    Arithon
    "Jim: I hate my life.
    Gonzo: I hate your life, too.
    Rizzo: If I had a life, I'd hate it."
    -- Muppet Treasure Island
  • I'm really happy the CRTC has loosened up lately.
    Allot of good projects like the one from Hydro-quebec, have been thrown into the gutter because of the CRTC.

    One good point is that they decided not to put there fat stubby fingers into internet legislation.
  • by Zaak ( 46001 )
    And then we could transmit gigabits/sec of data by modulating the natural gas flow!

    "People do not eat at once for all time, even when they eat a good deal."
    -- Planchet
  • The power companies all over the place are installing bypass caps (bandpass filters) on transformers. These allow 200KHz to 8-10MHz to flow across the transformers back to a centralized point.

    There is a lot of money to be saved by installing these everywhere, the power companies can then start installing new electronic meters which send usage information back to a collection point for automated billing. If it saves having to send a meter reader around every two months, the boxes pay for themselves in about a year.

    Of course, once you decide to install bandpass filters for .2-10MHz, why not instead put some in that do .2-40MHz. Above 30-40MHz the power lines start behaving like good antennas, and radiate your signal everywhere except where you want it to go at a sub-zone station.

    In Europe the meters use 1.7 MHz and maybe 8 MHz to communicate back to collection points. It is done with a polling system, which sends a request down the lines, and reads the response from the meter. Every meter has a unique ID, like a MAC address. The companies can also send information about billing rates to smart meters, because electricity at night is cheaper than at peak hours during the day. I used to live in a place which would only heat the water during cheap hours, and shut off most electicity during expensive hours. The smart meter had a little LCD display showing the next few days expensive and cheap hours, so you could plan accordingly.

    The FCC has licensed a couple of frequencies for use on power lines, 200KHz and something higher.

    BTW, european electricity uses 50Hz, not 400Hz. Airplanes use 400Hz for efficiency and lighter transformers.

    the AntiCypher
  • There are cheap bandpass filters available for electric companies to install on feeder transformers (2.2KV to 12KV) to pass RF signals.

    Electric companies are installing these all over the place, and installing Automatic Meter Reading meters whenever possible. It saves on sending out meter readers every month or two. My meter is one of those, kinda cool, with a little LCD readout. I miss the spinning disks, tho.
  • Go read some past issues of NTK (www.ntk.net), they point this out as a media hoax.

    But the hoax was based on some legitimate concerns about re-radiating your private information along all the power lines to the sub-station, which NorTel couldn't answer.

    I've got to go post a top-level comment on this...
  • In parts of the US and Canada, and most places in Europe, electric meters are being replaced with newer models that can be read on a regular basis from collection centers.

    The places where I am familiar with the technology the electric companies have had to place small bypass filters at each transformer and switching station, but the costs are small compared to the cost of sending a live person around every few months.

    I've seen the signals on 8.something MHz, as well as 1.7 MHz. Every meter has a unique identifier similar to a MAC address on an ethernet card, and gets polled on a regular basis. This also allows the company to detect fraud and out-of-bounds usage on a near real-time basis.

    The machines which collect the data are typically located in sub-stations which supply 10,000 to 35,000 customers. They can poll each customer in a sub-zone about once every 2 days, and its a continuous process. They are small unix minis, some new ones use NT, and they feed the data directly to the billing center.

    If you poke around on the web, you will find that some German hacking groups have documented the protocol used, its pretty simple. Haven't heard of anyone inserting their own information back onto the line or causing DoS attacks. I would expect the companies that make these products also have a web presence.

    the AntiCypher
  • There is gigabit ethernet going here, both over fiber and copper. Requires 4 twisted pair wires to get the signal to 100 Meters on Cat 5 cable. Terabit/sec experiments are underway for products to hit the shelves in 4-6 years. Exabits? I smell a media hack!

    The biggest problem with the NorTel experiment in England was that power lines are almost never twisted, just straight parallel wires. Even though the transmission used a highly redundant coding scheme of something like 17 of 5 bits (85% of the information is redundancy, 15% is the actual transmission rate), there was problems of noise and crosstalk. Then there was still problems with putting enough power into the return signal to get it back to a sub-station intact. When they did that, the signal was detectable at every other power outlet on the sub-grid. There was a good media hack done in England which put egg on the faces of the NorTel team, since they couldn't clearly deny the charges of radiating peoples private data all over a region.

    So where do you put your firewall when every one of your outlets is an internet connection? What's to stop a blackhat from plugging into an outdoor light socket and cracking every house on the block? Sounds like a whole new field of hacking/cracking just waiting to be exploited.

    But then, maybe everyone should just be using fully encrypted and authenticated IPv6 between every device in their house.
  • Yep but at night the solar cells are useless, which means you need to store energy on batteries. As batteries are today, it's not good at all : you have to throw them away after a number of charge/discharge cycles. In the end more pollution than a good nuclear plant.

    Besides, there's one cool thing : surgenerator. Those plants make energy out of nuclear waste. Except those stupid French ecologist stopped SuperPhoenix last year :-(
  • Not actually available as such, although NorWeb [norweb.co.uk] have been conducting technical trials.
  • This kind of stuff already exists in the form of X-10 computer interfaces. The solution is to use optoisloators. These are basically IR LED/detector combos facing each other in a sealed plastic shell. You mount one of these on a board, and if the high voltage portion of the circut fries, the IR LED burns out, but no high voltage signal leaks to the other side. You can use things like fuses too, but those aren't 100% reliable especally for quick spikes.
  • User bandwidth is not the problem. That will come soon. The problem is bandwidth between ISP's, especially over (under) large amounts of water. That is the expensive part.
  • by robonoid ( 55388 ) on Monday May 31, 1999 @11:07AM (#1873178)
    C'mon guys. Don't you recognize a scam when you see it. The power companies have been trying for DECADES to find a way to get information to flow over the power grids(I know because I was working on this problem for a power company in 1979). They could save 50% of their operating budget if they didn't have to visit your house to read your meter. OF COURSE you can send a signal over a copper wire, DUHHH!!! This is NEWS? But high frequency (multiple 100's of Mhz and up) signals won't stay on an unsheilded wire, it just acts like an antenna. And even if the wires themselves weren't unsheilded noise-ridden super-antennas, there's always the problem of the TRANSFORMERS. Huge blocks of metal with big coils around them. They are an incredibly efficient high-frequency blocking filter. The high-frequency information bandwidth through a transformer is precisely ZERO point ZERO bits per second. Another tip-off that the article is either a JOKE or a SCAM is the data rate that is mentioned. Exo-bits? Ten to the eighteenth power bits/sec??? That's a frequency somewhere between ultra-violet light and X-rays. You can't send that kind of signal over a copper wire, it would boil the electrons off the atoms. Don't they teach even rudimentary Physics in our schools anymore?
  • ...when i was staring out the car windows, looking at the power transmission towers across the landscape, it came to me... "hmmm... those would make an excellent network... plenty of conductivity and bandwidth... and it's already there! but how would they transmit? hmm, you can't vary the voltage...." and i trailed off from there.
    and lo and behold, it's on Slashdot the next day! talk about news for nerds...
  • As I see it, shielding is an enormous problem, because anyone near a power line could pick up
    the digital part of the signal and tap in to
    what's being transmitted. It's trivial
    to come up with a receiver to do this. Another
    technical problem is transformers: they have
    to come up with a way to pass the network signals
    past each and every transformer; otherwise the
    transformers will simply absorb the high frequency
    signals and not pass them on.
  • I live in the UK and have looked into this. The problem is that anybody can hook up into the big power cable at the end of the street, and look at what you are receiving / sending. Now I ask you, how many of you would like others to know what e-mail you receive, or what pages you look at...:).

    Thats why Im still on the old 56k.

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