Forty Years of Moore's Law 225
kjh1 writes "CNET is running a great article on how the past 40 years of integrated chip design and growth has followed [Gordon] Moore's law. The article also discusses how long Moore's law may remain pertinent, as well as new technologies like carbon nanotube transistors, silicon nanowire transistors, molecular crossbars, phase change materials and spintronics. My favorite data point has to be this: in 1965, chips contained about 60 distinct devices; Intel's latest Itanium chip has 1.7 billion transistors!"
Re:Keeping Count (Score:4, Insightful)
If it actually works, then there's little to complain about. Unfortunately, I don't think that things are quite so easy...
Kinda obvious.... (Score:3, Insightful)
Before anyone says, well we've adjusted the length of time for doubling already, we'll do it again. For what its worth, its a bit silly saying X=2^Y/T is a law if you redefine T everytime it doesn't fit.
law? (Score:2, Insightful)
Solving problems. (Score:2, Insightful)
What I think is more interesting is how far ahead we can solve them. The clock distribution problem was a problem for seen and solved years ahead of it biting hard. Nowadays the problems arise and we have shorter and shorter time to react before they cause serious problems.
This is the strongest proof I found that this technology will (eventually) stagnate.
Re:Keeping Count (Score:3, Insightful)
It's not a law... (Score:5, Insightful)
By the way, if the Itanium has 1.7 billion transistors, (I'll take the poster's word for it) then one has to ask - are they all pulling their weight? It seems a hell of a lot for what it does. Surely one way to squeeze more out of Moore's Observation is to come up with more efficient architectures and use fewer devices, working more efficiently/smarter/harder. Just a thought.
Moore's Law is probably being exceeded at... (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Don't hold your breath... (Score:1, Insightful)
I should have been clearer, but what I'm expecting is that when GPU designers hit a brick wall they'll take two cores (with their own internal parallelized structures) and bolt them together - more brute force than smart answer.
In fact, now you mention it, I suppose SLI is pretty much that - use two cards rather than one...
Re:It definitely has less that 300 - 400 years. (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Bugs (Score:5, Insightful)
- Software usually performs a more diverse set of options
- The environment where hardware runs is more predictable than the software one
- Formal verification is probably easier to perform with hardware.
- It's easier to verify low level stuff than high level abstractions.
I'd add more, but I've got other things to do unfortunately...
Re:Bugs (Score:2, Insightful)
While you're right about most of the transistors being cache, the fact is that chip designs do go through a lot more testing (ie simulation) than most software.
Largely it's economics. It's been a few years since I was involved in chip design (0.25 um) stuff, but IIRC it cost a few hundred $k just to make the masks for a silicon rev. At least 90% of the effort went into simulations and testbenches that are run before you see first silicon. The only software that gets that kind of testing effort is true hi-rel stuff (ie fly-by-wire).
As far as ISA being the spec...that's the simple part. Modern CPU design puts a lot more effort into fun stuff like instruction scheduling, branch prediction, yada, yada, yada (not my specialty).
Re:Law of Accelerating Returns (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Kinda obvious.... (Score:5, Insightful)
His observation was made to Electronics magazine, in the April 19th, 1965 edition.
He didn't mention transistor density.
He didn't mention processors (as microprocessors were still 6 years away from being invented).
He was describing component integration on economical integrated circuits.
He observed that component integration doubled approximately every 12 months. He increased that number to 24 months, in 1975. Since then, other people have split the difference to 18 months.
None of those figures, 12, 18 or 24 months, are accurate.
If the 18 month figure was accurate, today's chips would have 75 Billion transistors.
With his original 12 month figure, 27 Trillion.
With his revised 24 month figure, 37 Million...
Also, this isn't even a law... it's an observation.
Please note... I relied on Tom R. Halfhill's column in Maximum PC (April 2005) "The Myths of Moore's Law" for this reply.
Re:Bugs (Score:4, Insightful)
After the FDIV bug, they added a means of "patching" the instruction set in software as part of the BIOS boot procedure. Of course, there is no substitute for testing the hell out of it as much as possible before releasing.
Software can be just as reliable if you put the effort into it. Usually it isn't done, because it is usually easy to patch the software on the fly, but a bad ASIC bug means an expensive respin.
Hardware design is actually software design anyway - they have special languages for it such as Verilog and VHDL. If you have a foot in both camps, you would be suprise how little difference there is between hardware and software design methodologies.
When was the last time Moore's law was correct? (Score:1, Insightful)
"Well, it's not about hertz, it's about perforamnce!"
Judging from benchmarks, the current top of the line CPUs are not twice as powerful as my P4 3.06ghz. Sooo... anyone care to explain how Moore's Law is still been used?
Re:Keeping Count (Score:5, Insightful)
It can only work for so long. The biggest problem that is keeping performance down is not the processor but the memory retrieval and writing system: only one memory location can be accessed at any one time. This is also known as the von Neumann bottleneck. Not even clustering can get around this problem because there is a need for inter-process communication that slows things down. If someone could come up with a system that allows unlimited random and simultaneous memory access, the physical limit to processor speed would not be such a big deal anymore. We would have found the holy grail of fast computing.
And most programmers are crap (Score:0, Insightful)