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Transportation Power

At the Track With Formula E, the First e-Racing Series 167

An anonymous reader writes Ars is running a story about the new all-electric racing car series and its first visit to the U.S.. "The pit lane we're standing in is unusual, and not only because it's a temporary setup placed in the shadow of American Airlines Arena (home of the NBA's Miami Heat). Garages are set up on both sides rather than being limited to one. A few things also appear to be missing. To start, a familiar smell from the usual mix of burning hydrocarbons is absent. And it's remarkably quiet. The occasional impact wrench bursts out in a mechanical staccato, generators drone here and there, but there are no V8s burbling, no V6s screaming....Welcome to Formula E, the world's first fully electric racing series. Miami is playing host to the first of two US rounds—the next being held in Long Beach, CA, on April 4—and it's the fifth race in this ePrix's inaugural season. Given we've got a bit of a thing about racing at Cars Technica, as well as an obvious interest in electric vehicles, we had to be on the ground in Miami to experience this for ourselves."
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At the Track With Formula E, the First e-Racing Series

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  • And all use the same model of battery pack? Jesus Fucking Christ, they made Formula E the as little appealing to nerds as the possibly could. And let's be honest, nerds/tech-heads would have been their PRIMARY audience!

    Methinks a product/marketing manager got paid for a shitty job.

    • by Richard_at_work ( 517087 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @04:59AM (#49369029)

      The cars are stock for the first season for cost reasons, for the second season there are several chassis builders and several power unit suppliers signed up, so there will be a better spread of performance amongst the pack.

      • It's also important, as I understand it, that the cars all be the same so they can limit the number of unknowns when evaluating performance and engineering of the vehicles.

        My only complaint, and it's a minor one, is they're too gimmicky with the "Fan boost" thing.
        =Smidge=

      • The cars are stock for the first season for cost reasons, for the second season there are several chassis builders and several power unit suppliers signed up, so there will be a better spread of performance amongst the pack.

        Therein lies the great racing divide: vehicles that are essentially identical and thus, in theory, the driver is the difference versus real manufacturer's vehicles so the driver / car combination becomes more important. NASCAR, for example, uses the former model and thus a good driver combined with effective cheating is the route to success. Endurance racing tends to the latter along with having various classes so cars of equal capability race against each other.

    • That's totally fine. You should realize that among the racing fans there are far more fans of pure racing than the nerds. This is why Formula 1 is far FAR more more popular than WEC will ever be, even though arguably WEC is more advanced tech-wise.

      And so as a fan if racing, rather of the technological dick waving, I see a lot of potential in FE racing. The skylines are beautiful, the racers are the cream of crop open wheel racers, many with quite a bit of time in Formula 1 and GP2 seats, and there is always

    • by pr0nbot ( 313417 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @08:49AM (#49370027)

      I've actually been watching the Formula E races, because I'm into Formula 1 and there are a bunch of B-list ex-F1 drivers in there.

      As far as I can tell, there's a fairly strong emphasis on it being entertainment rather than sport. For example, drivers get a boost button they can use during the race if they're the "fan favourite" before the race. There are also some gimmicks like bonus points for fastest lap and pole position. In the pre-season trailers, one of the key talking points was the DJ that was going to be guesting for each race.

      The races themselves are fairly laughable - short, with a fairly hilarious car swap when they run out of juice (the driver hops out of one car and does a little dash to the other car), and the cars themselves are fugly as hell and all the bits are wobbly (so... a bit like me I guess). The coverage is completely ghetto, minimum-budget stuff -- it's on ITV4 in the UK, which tells you everything you need to know.

      However, it's a a new series, and the drivers at least are for real, so I'm giving it time to grow.

  • I do think the future of cars/racing is electric, but for me there is something spine tinglingly impressive about this (V8 F1 cars running up eau rouge):

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?... [youtube.com]

    But since the FIA is currently doing its best to ruin F1, these electric cars will probably compare pretty good in a few more years. Oh well, at least we have the memories.

  • by gTsiros ( 205624 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @05:37AM (#49369101)

    to put 8 kW/kg into perspective, all commercial brushless dc motors are at 4 kW/kg and it is a limitation of the materials used.

    Commercial internal combustion engines range from 1 kW/kg to *maybe* 3 kW/kg if it is turbocharged to the point of sacrificing engine longevity and formula 1 engines are at around 5 kW/kg

    although i suspect they saved weight by using the vehicle frame as (part of?) the stator, a perk of making a motor for a very specific purpose.

  • by Viol8 ( 599362 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @05:45AM (#49369131) Homepage

    The whole point of electric motors is max torque from zero rpm so what the hell does it need a 5 speed for? Ok, its rpm isn't unlimited so eventually you'll have to changed the ratio to get a good top speed , but 2 ratios should be enough for this. Whats going on?

    • by monkeyxpress ( 4016725 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @06:05AM (#49369201)

      Because the power output of an electric motor is torque * rotation speed. The electric motor can produce max torque across the speed range (roughly for most types anyway), but the power output still increase with the RPM. So if you want to get max power at any wheel speed you want to keep the motor revs up.

      Hence the gearbox.

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        by Viol8 ( 599362 )

        No idea why you got modded up for that comment. If you want to keep the motor rpm *up* then a gearbox is the last thing you want - just let the motor spin as fast as it can until back emf stops it or it flys apart. Gearboxes (on cars) are designed to keep the engine rpm *down*

        • by The_Noid ( 28819 )

          A quick google for gear ratios returns ratios of about 3 to 4 for 1st gear to around 0.7 for 5th gears. So most gears on normal cars do keep engine rpm up, and not down.

          This makes sense, since when you're driving slowly in 1st gear, your engine is doing around 1000 rpm, but your wheels are definitely not.

          • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

            No, they keep the rpm down. Try driving at 100 mph in first gear if you don't believe me.

            • by The_Noid ( 28819 )

              I can do that too:
              Try pulling away from a stop, uphill, in 5th gear, if you don't believe me. (actually legal for you to try, on any public road, unlike your suggestion)

              But unlike you I can also come up with actual numbers, easy to find:
              M3 Coupe (E36) Automatic: 1:3.67 2:2.00 3:1.41 4:1.00 5:0.74
              3 of the 5 gears keep engine rpm up. 1 gear is 1:1, 1 gear keeps engine rpm down.

              M3 Convertible (E46) manual 1:4.23 2:2.53 3:1.67 4:1.23 5:1.00 6:0.83
              4 of the 5 gears keep engine rpm up. 1 gear is 1:1, 1 ge

              • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

                "But unlike you I can also come up with actual numbers, easy to find"

                You ever heard of final drive ratio? Its the ratio of engine to wheels that matters, not engine to transmission shaft.

                • by The_Noid ( 28819 )

                  Yes, and the final drive ratio is ALSO larger than 1 for all cars I've looked at, meaning it only invalidates your statement further.

                  Why don't you come up with some actual numbers? Let me help you:

                  Lets assume a rather small wheel size of 50cm. That gives a circumference of 1.57 m.
                  Lets assume the engine is doing a low 4000rpm, or 240000 rotations per hour.
                  If this engine was bolted directly to these wheels, the car would be going 376.8 km/h

                  Most cars are not going 376.8 km/h at 4000 rpm in any of their gears,

    • by gTsiros ( 205624 )

      the whole "max torque from 0 rpm" phrase that is thrown around is quite misleading. While true that a motor exerts its maximum torque at zero rpm (and drops linearly as rpm increases), it also has the worst efficiency. maximum power draw (it's a short circuit!) and minimum power output (it's not moving is it?). peak efficiency is at a specific rpm, thus a gearbox is needed *for efficiency*.

      • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

        Err, unless you have a clutch too then a gearbox makes no difference to your scenario.

        • by gTsiros ( 205624 )

          A clutch isn't really necessary, i'd guess.

          • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

            Well if you don't have one (or a torque converter) then you're still going to have the motor pulling away from zero rpm from stationary regardless of the gear ratio.

            • by gTsiros ( 205624 )

              Yes... Don't see your point? The gearbox is necessary so that the motor operates near peak efficiency as often as possible. Considering f1 cars rarely stop, it's not a significant problem to forgo a clutch

              • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

                Oh FFS. Peak efficiency is for piston engines, not electric motors. Do you think theres a ratio swapping gearbox for every motor in a TGV?? Yet they still got one up to 320 mph.

                "Considering f1 cars rarely stop, it's not a significant problem to forgo a clutch"

                Umm, they stop for the pitstops and they have to move away at the start. Please suggest a way to do that without a clutch.

                • by gTsiros ( 205624 )

                  google brushless motor efficiency, look at images if you don't fancy reading.

                  i said rarely. consider that in f1 the clutch is to be operated 4-5 times. once at the start, two or three for pit stops and one left over for emergency/unforeseen events.

                  once again, you don't need a clutch for an electric motor, whether it is mated to a gearbox or not

                  • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

                    "google brushless motor efficiency, look at images if you don't fancy reading."

                    If you're going to try and be patronising it helps if you have a clue what your argument is and what the curves actually mean and how they relate to modern motor control systems using IGBTs.

                    "i said rarely. "

                    So what? Even it its only once it still needs a clutch unless you're suggesting they should push it from a standing start?

                    "once again, you don't need a clutch for an electric motor, whether it is mated to a gearbox or not"

                    Nice

                • Please suggest a way to do that without a clutch.

                  Electric Motor.

                  Next

    • by clovis ( 4684 )

      The whole point of electric motors is max torque from zero rpm so what the hell does it need a 5 speed for? Ok, its rpm isn't unlimited so eventually you'll have to changed the ratio to get a good top speed , but 2 ratios should be enough for this. Whats going on?

      Power output is the wrong number to look at, What you want to see for racing is the torque curve.

      I haven't seen the torque curve for the motor used in the Formula E cars, but if it's typical then it will be max torque flat from zero to about 6,000 rpm and then fall off linearly to 17,500 rpm. I'm not sure, but I think that the peak torque is about 250-270 ft-lbs or around that for the formula E cars. That is not enough torque to spin the tires, and for maximum acceleration you need enough torque to slightly

  • by captainpanic ( 1173915 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @05:45AM (#49369137)

    I'm hoping large corporations get interested. Right now, I understand all cars are basically made by Renault. It would be nice if other companies jump onto this train too, with a serious interest to showcase their knowledge about batteries and electric cars. (Or just an interest to burn some marketing dollars).

    It's a great idea to start off with the same car, but am happy that the teams can design their own cars in the next seasons. In all fairness, the cars still need a lot of improvement: the speed of the cars is too low.

    • I'm hoping large corporations get interested. Right now, I understand all cars are basically made by Renault.

      Renault is a major car manufacturers (with Nissan, which they control, #4 world wide), and a big player in motor sports.

  • this proves it. i'm playing the race card, here.
  • Fun fact (Score:5, Interesting)

    by srussia ( 884021 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @05:53AM (#49369167)
    All the Formula E cars are charged using a single generator that uses glycerol as fuel.
    • You forgot the quotes over "fun".

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      All the Formula E cars are charged using a single generator that uses glycerol as fuel.

      Don't forget the jumbo jets required to get these things between tracks. As with most motor racing, the fuel used in the cars during the race is really the least of the environmental problems.

      • Re:Fun fact (Score:5, Insightful)

        by dave420 ( 699308 ) on Monday March 30, 2015 @08:20AM (#49369837)

        Did you really think they were racing electric cars so the races polluted less? That's the only way your statement makes any sense. If you'd bother to read anything about this, they are hoping to use the developments and insights gleaned from Formula E engineering in production cars. The environmental savings are further down the line, when the technology is sitting outside your house.

        I know it's fun to moan about environmentalism, but when you miss the point entirely, the only thing that gets wounded is your reputation. Like just now. Ouch.

  • If the racing guys can't figure out how to give electric cars a reasonable range with their budgets and top-end engineering skills, then no, electric cars are NOT READY FOR PRIME TIME.

    Besides, WTF is this:
    "...Although power is limited to 150 kW during the race, three drivers are actually able to use 180 kW for up to five seconds. This is called the FanBoost, as fans vote online for their favorite drivers in the hours before the race. This extra slug of energy can come in handy to overtake or defend against

    • All sporting contests have arbitrary limits. Why ten pins in bowling instead of 9? Why is an American football field 100 yards long instead of 120? Soccer field sizes can vary, but within limits. In general, the rules make the sport. And rules change over time. Both football and baseball have updated rules to make the games more appealing to audiences and improve safety. F-1 and NASCAR have equipment limitations which change to keep up with technology. In this case, the rule you decry is only to add spectat

  • I get HOW (like IROC) and I get WHAT (spectator interest + industry money) but the BLASTED THINGS SOUND LIKE MY OLD SLOT CARS!
  • Am I the only one who thinks this is the right thing done the wrong way? All cars the same? Swap cars at pit-stop time? There is an opportunity here for competition through racing to push the envelope on what is possible in electric cars; why is it effectively being wasted? It was racing that helped perfect the gasoline car; heck Lois Chevrolet was a racer and Henry Ford did his fair share of racing.

    Looking at the SRT_01E stats I think a stock Tesla P85D *family sedan* would actually have a chance again

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