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The Military

USAF Cuts Drone Flights As Stress Drives Off Operators 298

HughPickens.com writes: The NY Times reports that the U.S. is being forced to cut back on drone flights as America's drone operators are burning out. The Air Force is losing more drone pilots than they can train. "We're at an inflection point right now," says Col. James Cluff, the commander of the Air Force's 432nd Wing. Drone missions increased tenfold in the past decade, relentlessly pushing the operators in an effort to meet the insatiable demand for streaming video of insurgent activities in Iraq, Afghanistan and other war zones, including Somalia, Libya and now Syria. The biggest problem is that a significant number of the 1,200 pilots are completing their obligation to the Air Force and are opting to leave. Colonel Cluff says many feel "undermanned and overworked," sapped by alternating day and night shifts with little chance for academic breaks or promotion.

What had seemed to be a benefit of the job, the novel way the crews could fly Predator and Reaper drones via satellite links while living safely in the United States with their families, has created new types of stresses as they constantly shift back and forth between war and family activities and become, in effect, perpetually deployed. "Having our folks make that mental shift every day, driving into the gate and thinking, 'All right, I've got my war face on, and I'm going to the fight,' and then driving out of the gate and stopping at Walmart to pick up a carton of milk or going to the soccer game on the way home — and the fact that you can't talk about most of what you do at home — all those stressors together are what is putting pressure on the family, putting pressure on the airman," says Cruff. The colonel says the stress on the operators belied a complaint by some critics that flying drones was like playing a video game or that pressing the missile fire button 7,000 miles from the battlefield made it psychologically easier for them to kill. "Everyone else thinks that the whole program or the people behind it are a joke," says Brandon Bryant, a former drone camera operator who worked at Nellis Air Force Base, "that we are video-game warriors, that we're Nintendo warriors."
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USAF Cuts Drone Flights As Stress Drives Off Operators

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  • by turkeydance ( 1266624 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:26AM (#49928255)
    maybe they already are.
  • by butchersong ( 1222796 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:28AM (#49928267)
    Soon we will have intelligent drones and just a few people monitoring them all as they go about their missions. Then we can wage "war" 24x7, 365 days a year -forever.
    • That's why we're seeing an article on this in the news now. The military doesn't like to admit when it's having trouble recruiting. But this article is ammunition when someone goes to say "we need more money for more drone autonomy". And conveniently, the big drone manufacturers surely will have something expensive ready to sell them! What a coincidence!

      • Comment removed (Score:5, Insightful)

        by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @08:27AM (#49928663)
        Comment removed based on user account deletion
        • "I can't believe any other part of the military would push people in combat"

          Exactly that. Others have said this is a pre to press for more drone autonomy when this is a basic military people management. The probably drinked the cool-aid and thought flying drones was indeed a good non-stressful 9-to-5 work. Well, there's no other problem but that they were wrong, just adjust and go ahead.

          1) Stress going in and out "soldier mood"? Make the duty periods longer, just like even other non-militar professionals

          • by Talderas ( 1212466 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @09:49AM (#49929239)

            They knew about the effects of stress on soldiers who flew on combat missions into a combat zone and returned to a safe place after each mission. There's plenty of evidence for this if you look psychological assessments of the US Eight Air Force back in WW2. It looks like the lesson they drew from those experiences was that it was the exposure to combat that was the culprit and not necessarily stresses caused by participating in combat.

            What needs to be identified is whether the primary contributor to stress is being able to go home each day or simply being able to go to safety after the mission. If it's the latter, which I'd be more inclined to suspect, then restricting the guys to base isn't going to help the problem and in fact may make the problem worse since the comforts they were once provided are no longer available.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:45AM (#49928385) Homepage Journal

      Some artists have been helping people in areas being targeted by US drones to create large canvas images of some of the victims and lay them flat on the ground. That way as the drone flies over and targets the area the operator will see the face of a child who was previously murdered in a similar scenario. The idea came about because drone pilots describe their targets as "bug splats", and this is a way to hopefully connect them to their potential victims in the way soldiers deployed on the ground are forced to.

      Maybe that and other efforts to make pilots aware of what they are doing and how it really isn't a game, that they are killing real people when they push those buttons, is having an effort. Of course they would never admit that, hence the excuse.

      • by Richard_at_work ( 517087 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:51AM (#49928423)

        Why are drones singled out as the big evil in this regard? How many faces do you think F-16 or B-1B pilots see before and after they drop their bombs on the designated target? Drones haven't changed that, they just move the pilot out of harms way.

        • Why are drones singled out as the big evil in this regard?

          Because they are another kind of force multiplier that increases the number of people that one person can kill effectively. Anything like that will be singled out for the same kind of criticism. Unless you think killing is something which should be promoted, this seems reasonable.

          • I think engaging in a modern war when there is a legal basis for said war is something that is acceptable, and if that is acceptable, then whatever can be done to remove our sides people from harms way is also acceptable.

            Therefore drones are a natural, acceptable progression from manned aircraft, whether they are conducting reconnaissance or dropping ordnance. A drone doesn't increase the number of people that one person can kill effectively, in-fact the current crop of drones are a reduction in offensive

        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          by rickb928 ( 945187 )

          F-16 pilots don't see much of their ground strikes. Too fast.

          B-1B pilots etc don;t see much of their targets. Too fast.

          What was your point again?

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

          Drones put an extra layer of abstraction between the pilot and murdering they are doing, hence the term "bug splat". It's just an image on a screen, like you see on TV. The high number of civilian casualties attributed to drone strikes is thought to be partially due to this disconnect, where as a pilot sitting in the aircraft in the actual country and seeing live human beings with his own eyes (maybe at the AF base, if not from the air) seems to be more restrained.

          • by tlhIngan ( 30335 )

            Drones put an extra layer of abstraction between the pilot and murdering they are doing, hence the term "bug splat". It's just an image on a screen, like you see on TV. The high number of civilian casualties attributed to drone strikes is thought to be partially due to this disconnect, where as a pilot sitting in the aircraft in the actual country and seeing live human beings with his own eyes (maybe at the AF base, if not from the air) seems to be more restrained.

            More correctly, there's a physicality to be

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Coward

        That way as the drone flies over and targets the area the operator will see the face of a child who was previously murdered in a similar scenario.

        If I were trying to cause regret in the drone pilots, it wouldn't matter whether any children were killed - only whether I could persuade the drone pilots that they were.

        • Too bad you're an AC. This deserves mod points, which are wasted on AC posts.

          • by dryeo ( 100693 )

            Mod points are for making good posts more visible and it is even more important and less of a waste to give them to a good AC post as they start at zero. They are not for rewarding people with karma. I often use most of my mod points making good AC posts more visible to people reading at +1 or higher.

        • whether I could persuade the drone pilots that they were.

          Or weren't...A La Ender's Game. Make the drone pilot believe he is playing a training video game.

      • You didn't RTFA, did you?

    • by dunkelfalke ( 91624 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @08:00AM (#49928493)

      There was an old (I think from the 1950ies) short story by the late Robert Sheckley, called "Watchbird" which describes exactly what you have written about.

    • by wbr1 ( 2538558 )
      "We've always been at war with Eastasia"
    • by rickb928 ( 945187 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @08:54AM (#49928831) Homepage Journal

      "Then we can wage "war" 24x7, 365 days a year -forever."

      As if we DON"T ALREADY DO THIS.

  • by Nutria ( 679911 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:29AM (#49928283)

    in manning off-shore oil rigs: two weeks on, then two weeks off.

    It might not be perfect, but it's better than the current situation.

    • First they have to have enough bodies - which is actually a more complicated problem than you might think. First you have to have the manpower, which is both a recruiting problem and an allocation problem (Congress only authorizes the services to have so many personnel). You've also increased the load on your training and support facilities, the latter includes everything from barracks to the gym to the clerks over in Personnel (if the base is big enough, it may be able to absorb this load without undu

  • Double Taps... (Score:5, Informative)

    by Esteanil ( 710082 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:30AM (#49928291) Homepage Journal

    I can imagine the "double taps" where they first attack a target and then hit it again when rescuers move in adds a certain level of stress to the soldiers...

    http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/outrage-at-cias-deadly-double-tap-drone-attacks-8174771.html [independent.co.uk]

    • Re:Double Taps... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Whorhay ( 1319089 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:47AM (#49928395)

      As the article you cite says, that was/is a practice of the CIA. The same is true for "Signature Strikes", or missling people that match your demographic target profile but haven't necessarily been observed doing insurgent things.

      That said I'd wager that the stress of killing innocents, even if extremely rarely and by accident, weighs heavily on most of the USAF drone pilots. When you are actually in harms way it is a lot easier to justify your actions to yourself. But as a remote pilot thousands of miles from any threat I imagine that takes a toll.

      • It is about as awful of a job as I can imagine. There have been some awful stories of having a nice night vision view of resulting body parts, and not quite dead targets. Similarly there have been tails of "dogs" that look like a small humans coming into view just after firing, only to have you commander insist it was just a "dog". Try going home feeling proud and patriotic after being that guy.

  • Outsource! (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:31AM (#49928295)

    I'm amazed that drone piloting hasn't been outsourced to India already. You don't need to be a Real American Hero (TM) to fly an RC plane via satellite, so it's a waste of taxpayer's money to not get this job done in the cheapest way posible. I mean, it sounds like they've got a drone-piloting sweatshop going, in the USA, but if you want a sweatshop, the USA is not the place for it.

    • by Shados ( 741919 )

      Except burning taxpayer money and getting as much budget as possible to do it is one of the hidden goals here. Cost cutting need not apply.

  • by rmdingler ( 1955220 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:43AM (#49928377) Journal
    My first take is there's no shortage of borderline sociopaths or rabid patriots, but I digress...

    Buried several paragraphs into the link is the real reason for faltering numbers of UAV pilots:

    ...noting that military drone operators can make four times their salary working for private security contractors.

    • by TheCarp ( 96830 ) <sjc AT carpanet DOT net> on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @08:03AM (#49928511) Homepage

      I don't know about that. People do change over time. I remember being a teenager and talking with my grandfather about the videos he brought back from Korea. He showed a bunch of videos of the camps and the guys hanging around.... so I asked "Did you take any footage of the fighting" "Yes I took some, I used to mount the camera on the gun sometimes" "Why don't you ever show those?"....

      The look of absolute horror on his face when he asked "Why would you want to see that?" is something I have not forgotten.

      The similarity is a bit striking in terms of technological overpowering, here is what he told me about the battles (never did seek out his footage), he was in a half track, relaying information from the radio.

      "We would be at one side a hill. You would hear a bugle call come over the hillside and then, on the radio 'they are coming over the hill', and a few seconds later, there would be men coming over the hill right at our machine guns, and we would just mow them all down" That is really all he ever has to say about it.

      People generally don't like war too much who actually have to see it. Viet Nam wasn't a shit storm domestically because it was particularly bad compared to other justifications for conflict. The Gulf of Tonkin lie is about par for the course on how wars get started. The real difference was the journalists actually showing people war directly.

      Now all footage is carefully coreographed and any gore avoided like the plague because, the truth doesn't drum up support. However, you can't hide the truth from the people you ask to fight.

      • by k6mfw ( 1182893 )

        The look of absolute horror on his face when he asked "Why would you want to see that?" is something I have not forgotten.

        I've noticed veterans that have been in combat rarely talk about it. When they do, a common theme is how chaotic it was. And those who talk a lot about battles and firefights were never in one.

    • by sycodon ( 149926 )

      Meh...pretty much the same for any skilled technology position in the armed forces.

      You don't join the armed forces to become rich. That's what Politics is for.

    • by hey! ( 33014 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @10:21AM (#49929501) Homepage Journal

      ...noting that military drone operators can make four times their salary working for private security contractors.

      Sure, but that just restates the problem: drone operator is a low-status, dead-end job within the military. It's not that the huge, lucrative, civilian drone operator market is sucking the ranks dry, it's that the job offers career prospects and job satisfaction that aren't in line with the abilities it demands.

      This in turn suggests there is something broken with the leadership of the Air Force -- which should come as no surprising given that we've heard exactly the same kind of stories of career burnout in officers who man nuclear missile launch sites. They're not paying attention to vital but non-glamorous missions.

  • by Sqreater ( 895148 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @07:51AM (#49928431)
    This same kind of psychological effect came during the Vietnam war when soldiers would be fighting one day and a few days later, back home in the States. This created great stress on returning vets. The human mind is not made for such rapid context shifts. They don't often occur in nature. Television is doing it more, and more rapidly too. No wonder people are beginning to pull away.
    • >> came during the Vietnam war when soldiers would be fighting one day and a few days later, back home

      It also happened during the first World War, when men would be regularly rotated from the static lines of trenches out back to civilization using a super-efficient system of trains and ships. See http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/... [iwm.org.uk] etc.

  • by AntronArgaiv ( 4043705 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @08:33AM (#49928703)

    No pilots for the drones means Obama's JADE HELM 15 invasion of Texas is postponed?

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      He has to finish confiscating everyone's guns before the invasion can start.

  • I just realized, the drone streaming video is reality TV for the military and it's a hit!!

    Imagine the commercial breaks!!

  • ... From Ender's Game. Don't tell them that its real.

  • I don't blame them (Score:2, Insightful)

    by AndyKron ( 937105 )
    I don't blame anyone for not wanting to be in the US military right now. Anyone joining now has questionable moral character IMO.
    • by sudon't ( 580652 )

      Now? I don't see what's changed, aside from public opinion.
      Of course, most join because they cannot afford education, or simply don't know what else to do at eighteen, and some have bought into the Terrorism Scare.

  • by RogueWarrior65 ( 678876 ) on Wednesday June 17, 2015 @09:22AM (#49929027)

    Day ain't over yet.

    Seriously, though. I wonder why they don't to the drone equivalent of radiologists Nighthawk service. Set up a control base in Australia and run ops there for half the day.

  • Are the drone squadron commanding officers burning out too? It seems likely that they share the same high stress and poor prospects for promotion as their pilots. You have to wonder then, how far up the chain of command does this problem extend? And therefore, will we have to auotmate not only the pilots, but the next two higher levels of command as well, perhaps up to base commander?

    Of course, if we do, the command to take each kill shot will have to be fully automated, since no colonel-level commander

  • What do you think the guys manning the nuclear missiles are going though when they sit in the underground bunker for 24 hours straight waiting for the half functioning phone to ring so they can end the world?

    Being in the USAF is a lousy job for a lot of people. Flying drones has got to be one of the worst I can think of. Yea you are a pilot, but you literally fly a desk in a shipping container chained to the apron at some military base in the USA. All the "action" takes place at odd hours compared to you

  • This should be no problem. They just need to hire more sociopaths and psychopaths. Corporate America is filled with such people, most of whom are middle managers. Other areas to mine are collection agencies, repo agencies, and Audi drivers. A lot of those people would be perfectly content to spend all day killing humans remotely, then going home to the wife and kids. The military just needs to lower their physical standards a bit.

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