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Technology Hardware

How Two Bored 1970s Housewives Helped Create the PC Industry 191

harrymcc writes: One of the first significant PC companies was Vector Graphic. Founded in 1976, it was an innovator in everything from industrial design to sales and marketing, and eventually went public. And alone among early PC makers, it was founded and run by two women, Lore Harp and Carole Ely. Over at Fast Company, Benj Edwards tells the story of this fascinating, forgotten company.
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How Two Bored 1970s Housewives Helped Create the PC Industry

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  • by HideyoshiJP ( 1392619 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @10:15AM (#50160649)
    I started reading the article, because I usually know how these bored housewife stories on the internet go. Imagine my shock when I got to the end and it was still talking business. Even the man with the porn stache called Adam Osborne didn't lead to anything.
    • I started reading the article, because I usually know how these bored housewife stories on the internet go. Imagine my shock when I got to the end and it was still talking business. Even the man with the porn stache called Adam Osborne didn't lead to anything.

      Man could ROCK a velour jacket, though :-)

      Yeah, good on them for not knowing that starting their own business was something only guys could do.

      • by Bengie ( 1121981 )

        Captain Zapp Brannigan: You know, boys, a good captain needs abilities like boldness, daring and a good velour uniform[...]

  • Comment removed (Score:4, Interesting)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @10:16AM (#50160653)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • It sounds like a somewhat familiar story to most people in tech: the engineers put out decent work and have a decent idea of what's possible and necessary, but are increasingly sidelined by a management that's far too egotistical to believe anyone else might know more than they do, and far too fawned upon to realize that.

      Not really. His idea was basically to clone the IBM PC and compete with them; it wasn't some brilliant engineering feat but rather a guess at what it takes to survive. Quite a few vendors tried just that strategy and wound up bankrupt despite their efforts. A number of them ran MS-DOS but just because ether ran that didn't mean a program that would run on an IBM PC would run on the clone unless it was designed to run on the particular variant of MS-DOS the clone used. What all three missed was the only way

    • by jbolden ( 176878 )

      Mod up for that link.

      I think Vector is a perfect example of disruptive technology. When they first choose CP/M it was the right choice. They couldn't switch too early from CP/M to a more advanced OS because that would be a downgrade. When more advanced OSes could run the same software they were caught hopelessly behind. Fundamentally Vector didn't own any technology that was unique to it. They had a mostly generic CP/M box with a few tweaks. One of the last CP/M manufacturers. I don't know the system

      • by LWATCDR ( 28044 )

        Actually it was not Commodore that drove down CP/M prices. That was Osbourne then Kaypro.
        Commodore is the the tragedy because Wintel PCs did not really match the Amiga until around 1995. The issue was marketing and expectations.

        • Comment removed based on user account deletion
          • by LWATCDR ( 28044 )

            Actually I knew people buying CP/M machines as late as 85 actually I knew some vertical markets that sold CP/M machines well into the early 90s.
            Truth is that MS-DOS was not a lot better than CP/M for many years. It really was not until Lotus 123 and WordPerfect came out that MS-DOS was a lot better than CP/M. That combined with the price drop from the clone makers and you finally had the death of CP/M.
            However by 1985 you had the Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, and the Mac. All of which were far better machines t

          • by jbolden ( 176878 )

            Let me just point out the OSX machines are essentially variants on NeXT. NeXT released their first model spring of 1987 and was working hard on their stuff in 1985. Spring 1987 is probably around the time Vector would have released their 2nd version of the their cool stuff on the drawing board when customers would have had to transition.

            Now if you are going to be transitioning in 1987... and the first fully object oriented graphic operating system which has concepts like the web (in primitive form) and e

  • by spaceyhackerlady ( 462530 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @10:41AM (#50160857)

    Prior to the IBM PC there was enormous diversity in computing. I have some early issues of Byte and the hardware in the ads is all over the place. Most of the names are long forgotten now.

    The BBC did Micro Men [wikipedia.org], a cute (and mostly historically accurate) program about the rise and fall of Acorn, which happened in the same time period. They too got broadsided by IBM, but managed to develop the ARM processor before they imploded.

    ...laura

    • Conversely, it wasn't until the IBM PC forced the market to converge on some common defacto standards that the market became something more than a bunch of weird quirky machines that wouldn't work together at all. The only thing binding together the home computer field to any common standard before IBM was RS-232 and that funny tone a 1200 baud modem makes.

      Linux wouldn't even exist in a world where there were ten different quirky brands of personal computer all working in different directions. Some would

      • by jedidiah ( 1196 )

        Utter hogwash. Linux is a Unix. As such it can run pretty much anywhere because it's designed to be source compatible with itself. All you have to do is port it to another platform.

        Linux is very much like CP/M in this respect, something you conveniently ignored.

        Linux actually did run on ALL of the early competitors to the PC.

        The first actual Linux user I ever met in the flesh ran it on an Atari. Atari even had it's own version of SystemV that it never quite embraced.

        In truth, Linux ran on all of the 68K mac

        • As such it can run pretty much anywhere because it's designed to be source compatible with itself. All you have to do is port it to another platform.

          Utter hogwash!!!

          Linus Torvalds on Linux:

          It's mostly in C, but most people wouldn't call what I write C. It uses every conceivable feature of the 386 I could find, as it was also a project to teach me about the 386. As already mentioned, it uses a MMU, for both paging (not to disk yet) and segmentation. It's the segmentation that makes it REALLY 386 dependent (every task has a 64Mb segment for code & data - max 64 tasks in 4Gb. Anybody who needs more than 64Mb/task - tough cookies). [...] Some of my "C"-

        • Linux (what became Slackware) started on the PC and ran exclusively on PC hardware for a very long time before it was ported to anything else. I still have the original floppy disks with that very early code to prove it. Once linux started to gain popularity, then it was ported to other platforms. But this was not for years after linux was running on pc hardware.

          Credentials : old guy.

        • Linux? Linux was originally on 386 PC clones. You're talking about computers that existed before then. Maybe you're thinking Minix or Xinu or some other Unix lookalike?

      • by jbolden ( 176878 )

        I agree with your first point about convergence. The Microsoft / Intel / Western Digital Standard for platform (IBM essentially) was a huge deal for hardware standardization.

        But I'm not sure about your second point. Linux exists comfortably on dozens of hardwares. Linux is a diverse ecosystem not a monoculture. Why would Linux (or something like it) have not done better if there were 10 quirky brands about? Heck that's pretty much the 1980s workstation market and there is where Unix pretty much evolved

      • IBM didn't do this though. IBM itself got sidelined when they came out with PS2 and it wasn't compatible even with hacks. IBM did not want the clones, period.

    • I'll have to watch that docco - After using BBC micros and BBC Model B in primary school, and the Acorn Archimedes in high school, I've followed Arm with a bit of interest. Their rise and fall and then stratospheric rise again from the ashes is an incredible story. By sheer volume, there are probably more ARM cores on the planet than any other architecture - ARM was originally the Acorn RISC Machine and was an incredible processor architecture in it's day (and, through licensing to other fabs, still is pret

  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @10:44AM (#50160879)

    she was selling her HUSBANDS ram board, she didn't understand the business, when IBM entered her HUSBAND wanted to make a PC compatible she said no, so he made another company which outlived that CP/M disaster.

    mismanagement by people who never understood the business from the getgo.

    And super smooth alienating your cheif engineer without a plan B.

    All they were was some lowly clone crap vendor that didn't shape any part of the industry, they just rode the wave into the ground because the CEO had no vision, and no clue as to what she was doing.

    • From what I get they were good at selling the product. Much of what Steve Jobs was good at. The problem was they had no technical sense of things whatsoever and her husband was the only person there who actually got it.

      Steve Jobs might not have be able to do anything by himself but at least he had some technical sense of what was good. Even if he did some design blunders occasionally. He was also smart enough not to kick Woz out in the early days and surrounded himself with strong technical teams.

    • by Darinbob ( 1142669 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @03:56PM (#50163673)

      So with all those mistakes, it's basically like every other business ever.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @10:46AM (#50160901)

    "Meanwhile, Bob Harp felt the media paid too much attention to the fact that Carole and Lore were women, when it was he, in fact, who made the company possible with his hardware designs."

  • by gurps_npc ( 621217 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @11:03AM (#50161057) Homepage
    There were not two 'bored housewives'. They were entrepreneurs. Calling them housewives is insulting to every entrepreneur everywhere - male or female.

    Calling them bored housewives is like describing Einstein's work as "Look what this bored patent clerk came up with..."

    We may not be able to kill the clickbait in other headlines, but can we PLEASE stop this crap on slashdot thread titles?

    • by Jesus_666 ( 702802 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @12:00PM (#50161569)
      At least it's not: "Typewriter manufacturers hate them! See this one weird device two bored housewives came up with!"
    • I can see your point and I don't disagree with it. I don't think that was the point of the headline though.
      I imagine the headline was intended to be a reflection of the time in which the company existed.
      This is because there was a perception back then that women (ie:housewives) as the cultural roles has pin-holed them into were incapable of working or succeeding in these male dominated roles at the time.

      We know that isn't true and those perceptions are not nearly as stark now as we have years and years of

    • Aren't male entrepreneurs just bored men without the actual skills to get a real job?

  • by peter303 ( 12292 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @11:41AM (#50161389)
    I went to the First West Coast Computer Fair and to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Homebrew Computer Club. It was a lot like mobile apps are now or dot.coms in the mid-1990s- many companies vying to succeed.

    I thought the Radio Shack TRS-80 was best poised to succeed at the time since it was from an established company. But the killer app that propelled Apple was VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. Many businesses wanted an Apple-2 then.

    Commodity hardware from Dell and Compaq and a generic operating system like PC-DOS eventaully consolidated the industry and wiped out most of the small operators.
  • by christoofar ( 451967 ) on Wednesday July 22, 2015 @01:24PM (#50162389)

    I loved this story from the era of Byte. Most of my penile-brethern in the industry are not old enough to be connected to the earlier eras of computing where women were far more involved in the process. Not just the hardware, but also in software.

    It is Grace Hopper who was among the early pioneers to crystallize the idea of a high level computer language (COBOL), and unlike a lot of other languages that have come and gone, COBOL is still around and much of Western civilization still depends on it, hidden away in the logic of CICS transactions. The role of women in computing was actually a lot more involved in its early years than now. To sell very expensive mainframes to corporations, ad men had to sell the idea that the machines were easy to use and took advantage of the "WOMEN R DUMB" stereotype by involving women nearly everywhere around the system from the operator console down to the armies of women driving IBM 029 card punch machines to enter lines of text in "files" of punched cards. System brochures nearly always featured women at the terminals, loading the tapes and pouring through printouts. That legacy showed itself again when the Y2K crisis hit and there was a sudden desperate urge to find COBOL programmers. I remember departments filled with nothing but old-hat ladies who still remembered how to set up their JCL and editing their "job cards" [IBMspeak for 'lines of text'] to test date-fixed code. Seated nearby was a team C++ where if there were 100 of them, perhaps only 1 would be female. The C++ males, all in their 20s, were working on cheap PCs. The grandma coalition next door had control over a Sysplex beast with a $2 million dollar lease in a center with its own air conditioning plant.

    When CompSci took off, computing was a new, unknown science to laypeople and it was sexy and exciting, much like biochem is now to girls who are being woo'd at to pursue a major in STEM. Women filled jobs as cryptoanalysts and manually programmed sorting machines with jumper plugs. Women dominated the role of the Systems Analyst, a job type that's still with us and is a role that many women still fill. In many fields of business, women still dominate user communities as women still outnumber men as users of tech.

    The problem that exists right now is that there's not a lot of women who are writing instructions to feed into a compiler. I'm in a skyscraper with over 30 floors and I think I can count on one hand the number of women right now who are churning out code and with two hands the number who are debugging and syncing repos to GitHub.

    Back when society was far more unkind to women, women had far more influence in tech than they do now. Now that there are legal protections, women have been enticed by recruiters into other sciences (there's a lot more women studying Chemistry than CompSci). The problem today isn't with some perceived gender barrier, or a glass ceiling. The problem is that male programmers haven't had any inclination to walk up to women that they know, show them what they do, how creative programming and system architecture can be, and that it's potentially lucrative and exciting.

    STEM conferences only do so much, and nobody gives a rat's ass what celebs and pandering politicians have to say. It's really the folks who actually code day-in day-out who could help get more women back into a field they used to be in with far more gusto.

  • Poop, I read the headline and thought it was about Vector Grafix, Ltd., the early 3-D games company (ie. the "3-D wireframe Star Wars" company). I would have definitely loved a retrospective on that, especially how they were able to do 3-D on limited hardware in the 1980s.
  • Was I the only one who would check out the Godbout ad for this? https://www.flickr.com/photos/... [flickr.com]

  • by TheRealHocusLocus ( 2319802 ) on Thursday July 23, 2015 @06:48AM (#50166791)

    Built like a brick shithouse. Aluminum frame. Massively stable power supply with over-spec'd transformer and giant electrolytic. Gold plating on everything that mattered (yes many in that day did not). Rugged S-100 backplane with plenty proper reinforcement to the frame, which in the days of S-100 when routine maintenance was important, was key. Some of us remember the days when you could insert and remove components from computer systems without making the whole machine scooting around like a puppy avoiding a bath.

    A B&W memory mapped display that was extremely stable and flicker free even when the whole screen was blinking, which involves massive spikes in CRT current. Screen refresh was smooth. In those days most computer displays failed what I called the 'blink test', where you fill the display with blink/reverse type and watch the characters in the corners. On a black/white blink they would tend to shift position a little. Vector's did not. Beautiful Cherry keyboard, keys metal spring-squishy with a firm stop and perfect debounce which was handled in software by the 'monitor' (=BIOS).

    This made Vector's own CP/M word processing software MEMORITE one of the most amazing tools for a secretary to become accustomed to. It may be hard to believe but once upon a time, word wrapping and shifting paragraphs on the screen as you type usually was a flickery, clunky process. Some early word processors even delayed reformatting until you left off typing or ended a paragraph, to minimize the jarring flicker and redraw. When you typed into MEMORITE individual words repositioned themselves to smoothly you actually had a mental impression of them moving as if they were real objects. This simple phenomenon was unprecedented in those days of 4Mhz Z80, even in machines with memory mapped display.

    When people who used Vector 3 and MEMORITE were forced to migrate to 'newer, better' PC-compatible word processing platforms running WordPerfect and MSWord, they felt as if they had lost a friend. One secretary who found the Vector Graphic to be the only machine who could keep up with her typing without losing characters or making the screen into an unwatchable flicker-fest, had to transition to MSWord on early Windows. She asked me, "Are things going to get worse from now on?"

    Maintaining Vector Graphic machines gave my own career a great start. But it was also a curse. Now I'm more conscious and outspoken of crappy engineering than most other people.

My sister opened a computer store in Hawaii. She sells C shells down by the seashore.

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