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Transportation Your Rights Online

When Should Cops Be Allowed To Take Control of Self-Driving Cars? 236

HughPickens.com writes: A police officer is directing traffic in the intersection when he sees a self-driving car barreling toward him and the occupant looking down at his smartphone. The officer gestures for the car to stop, and the self-driving vehicle rolls to a halt behind the crosswalk. This seems like a pretty plausible interaction. Human drivers are required to pull over when a police officer gestures for them to do so. It's reasonable to expect that self-driving cars would do the same. But Will Oremus writes that while it's clear that police officers should have some power over the movements of self-driving cars, what's less clear is where to draw the line. Should an officer be able to do the same if he suspects the passenger of a crime? And what if the passenger doesn't want the car to stop—can she override the command, or does the police officer have ultimate control?

According to a RAND Corp. report on the future of technology and law enforcement "the dark side to all of the emerging access and interconnectivity (PDF) is the risk to the public's civil rights, privacy rights, and security." It added, "One can readily imagine abuses that might occur if, for example, capabilities to control automated vehicles and the disclosure of detailed personal information about their occupants were not tightly controlled and secured."
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When Should Cops Be Allowed To Take Control of Self-Driving Cars?

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  • After watching this video Im pretty sure the cars can detect gestures to pull over.

    As the car is doing the driving it should follow the demands of a police officer (as opposed to the passenger) although Im sure it will be hacked around at some point.

    https://www.ted.com/talks/chri... [ted.com]

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward

      So, the car can detect gestures.

      How does it detect a police officer?

      • I suppose it doesn't need to. The car would stop if any person was just standing in the road. No need for gestures.

        • As Dirty Harry would say, "Well, punk, do you feel lucky?"
          • So, as a human driver, you wouldn't stop for a person standing in the road in front of you?

            I hope I don't live in your neighborhood.

            • So, as a human driver, you wouldn't stop for a person standing in the road in front of you?

              As a human pedestrian, I do not test the brakes of random vehicles that are traveling down the road by standing in front of them.

    • by Kohath ( 38547 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @08:32AM (#50394719)

      Automate the cop. The car can drive by itself, but traffic control at the intersection needs a human?

      • by Kjella ( 173770 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @09:37AM (#50395235) Homepage

        Automate the cop. The car can drive by itself, but traffic control at the intersection needs a human?

        I don't know any place you'd put a cop instead of a traffic light, but there are quite a few scenarios where a cop needs to ad hoc direct traffic like near the scene of an accident so emergency services get through. No matter what you do you won't get away from it entirely.

        • I don't know any place you'd put a cop instead of a traffic light

          The same sort of place you'd use a school crossing guard - iow, a place where vehicle and pedestrian traffic peaks clump irregularly.

          Of course, you usually have the traffic light in spots like that also. But the presence of the human controller means you ignore the light and pay attention to the human.

      • ... we are autonomous, we can process new and critical information, and we've gotten pretty damn good at ordering us around.

        and it doesn't take a decades worth of experience to program us with new directives. you can have a traffic drone fly there with lights, but you've gotta purpose build that shit, and purpose program the way the drone flashes its lights in different situations.

        you know what you need to do now? give that fucker in the middle of the road a reflective vest, a poncho to keep the rain off,

    • Just a casual observation, but what if the police officer sneezes?
    • by gstoddart ( 321705 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @09:29AM (#50395179) Homepage

      So, here's the problem with this ... if the car detects gestures, or has a "bypass" mode for law enforcement ... then this can, and will, be exploited by someone else.

      Every time law enforcement and government demand a special exemption in the operation of something, what they do is administratively poke a hole in the integrity of it, and then say that nobody else is allowed to use it. And stupidly believe that nobody else will.

      It's like saying you're not allowed to lock your doors in case of an emergency, and demanding that nobody else takes advantage of it.

      If there is a mechanism by which a police officer, with or without a justifiable reason, can take control of these vehicles ... then it is pretty much a certainty someone else will also do this.

      As you say, this will be hacked at some point. Because you can't put something in which acts as a bypass and then act like it's only the people you intended to have this who will use it.

      And every corner case you come up with which says "well, we need a special case here because of this" is a demonstration of why this stuff will never actually work in the real world.

      There will always be cases in which the self driving car stops working. And you really can't rely on humans to take over when the system suddenly has no idea what to do. What happens in those gaps is always going to be a problem ... and I'm not sure we're anywhere close to figuring that out.

      • by dryeo ( 100693 )

        Went through an accident scene the other day. Fireman (could have been a cop) was doing ad-hoc traffic control. It was fairly complex and it is hard to see how a purely autonomous car would have handled it. I think for a long time cars are going to need a way for manual override along with a warning system. Approaching a construction zone, accident, traffic stop. Car slows down and signals driver to take control. All the cops etc can do is put out a signal, slow down, driver take control. Then it is up to t

    • by Jaysyn ( 203771 )

      All these recent rapist-cops would have loved having this functionality.

  • by Applehu Akbar ( 2968043 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @07:33AM (#50394255)

    An automated car could be programmed to be pre-empted by emergency vehicles using lights in the standard manner, but how, exactly, would police stops be handled, especially when the stop is a gesture from the side of the road? There is going to have to be a device which police carry that broadcasts a standardized signal to pull over and stop. It will have to be secure against being imitated by criminals, perhaps with frequently-changed security keys.

    Just deploying these to all the agencies that will need them is a non-insignificant problem. And cities are going to require that the devices, deployment and maintenance be paid for by the manufacturers.

    • by bigpat ( 158134 )

      There is going to have to be a device which police carry that broadcasts a standardized signal to pull over and stop. It will have to be secure against being imitated by criminals, perhaps with frequently-changed security keys.

      No, no, no. The car should have the same inputs as a human driver. Visual and audio only. Otherwise you are 1) creating a different system which is expensive, more complicated and unreliable. 2) Opening the door to criminal hackers and terrorists to take control over cars remotely.

    • cities are going to require that the devices, deployment and maintenance be paid for by the manufacturers.

      So paid for by the consumer, then?

    • by Rei ( 128717 )

      On XKCD a while back we were talking about the possibility of automated cars transiting through countries on their way to a different country, either with goods or people. Since nobody is supposedly going to be stopping there and no goods left behind, then it opens up the possibility of much simpler border crossings - just simple contraband checks and off you go.

      The issue becomes, what if once the car has crossed the border, it is instructed to "change its mind" and route to somewhere within the country? We

      • by sjames ( 1099 )

        Are you willing to also have the doors and windows locked no matter what happens?

      • That's arguably a good idea in concept, but what happens when you encounter such a situation in a remote area, tunnel, or other communication blind spot? And of course if you have it default to "obey the driver when I can't get a signal", then all you need to do is attach a discrete switch to disable the antenna and you can override those control limitations, completely defeating the point.

        Meanwhile I don' think it actually solves any problem to begin with. If you have border controls restricting who can

      • Didn't anyone watch Minority Report?

    • by orasio ( 188021 )

      Nonsense.
      Right now policemen are able to stop cars, no device needed.
      Autonomous cars should be able to match current driver behaviour. There's room for improvement, but they don't need a better solution in all regards, to replace drivers, only to be as good as them.

  • by turkeydance ( 1266624 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @07:34AM (#50394257)
    and you're the subject who'll suffer
  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @07:37AM (#50394273)

    Never mind the possible abuses from police, if the cops can take control, you've left a security hole that can be exploited. While cars may drive themselves, it's still necessary to have a human who can take control if needed. If the police need to pull a car over, the person in the car should take control, manually drive, and pull over. Let's not make cars with huge security holes like that. Current cars have enough security holes already.

    • Agreed. A woman I personally know was nearly the victim of a fake police officer about 15 years ago, back when she was in college.

      As she was driving home on the interstate late one night, an unmarked car came up behind her and turned on a roof-mounted red, spinning light like you'd expect with an unmarked police car. She wisely called the police from her car phone to ask them to tell their unmarked car that she'd be continuing until she reached the nearest gas station, and they informed her that none of the

    • by tlhIngan ( 30335 )

      Exactly.

      There should be no remote control capabilities. It should be based on existing standards for controlling traffic.

      So the traffic cop controlling traffic? His hand signals are all the control required - they're standard and both human and electronic drivers need to be able to read them and recognize them. That's all the control you need. If an autonomous vehicle disobeys, it's just like a regular human driver disobeying - a traffic citation.

      Emergency? Well lights and sirens means pull over to let them

  • The car will refuse to run over anyone, policeman or otherwise.
    Then once the policeman has the occupants full attention, he can then instruct him to pull over.

    • Ah, but how sure can you be that the human isn't driving?

      I foresee life-like dummy police officers for deployment in such situations.

      hhhuuurrrr, they already have dose on the force
      (just getting in before someone else)

  • by Overzeetop ( 214511 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @07:46AM (#50394327) Journal

    The big red button. If you press it, the car will continue to your destination unless physically disabled or completely blocked, regardless of non-traffic signals. It needs to be there for times when it is unsafe, or the occupant feels unsafe, with questionable external conditions (fake emergency vehicle signals, etc). And cops should be just fine with that because self-driving cars will otherwise obey the rules of the road (i.e. not speeding or running traffic signals), so if they really need to stop the car they can (a) surround it and slow down/stop to prevent the car from moving or (b) follow it to its destination - which in an emergency should be selectable by the operator as the original destination, the closest police precinct, or closest hospital emergency room entrance. There is no need or reason to offer electronic remote kill capabilities.

    By choosing a fully automatic car, you give up a level of independence in return for convenience. I, for example, don't carry a sidearm or wear protective body armor today. That puts me in an inferior position to those who do, or those who have greater physical strength. It doesn't bother me because I evaluate the chance of needing such things is smaller than, say, being struck by lightning. I trade the convenience of lower kitted weight and bulk for an inferior defensive position.

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward

      Actually, Google programs their cars to break the speed limit. They say it's safer, but it does involve breaking the law. http://gizmodo.com/googles-autonomous-car-is-programmed-to-speed-because-i-1624025227 [gizmodo.com]

    • by bigpat ( 158134 )

      There is no need or reason to offer electronic remote kill capabilities.

      'Nough said. But the car should respond automatically to police intervention. I would want the car to pull over when a car with flashing lights pulls up behind it. Or when a person with a uniform steps out in front of it and gives an order to stop or pull over. A person could be unconscious and need to be pulled over. Shouldn't rely on the driver for that. But that functionality should be based on visual and audio rather than any specialized equipment that would have to be distributed to millions of p

      • Box the automated car in and slow the group of vehicles to a stop. Standard maneuver now with a completely compliant driver. No need to throw technology at it. Beyond that the driver should be able to cancel navigation and order a complete stop of the vehicle for all sorts of reasons not just the orders of an officer.
        • by bigpat ( 158134 )
          Also, I would expect that most owned vehicles (not taxis) would offer a driver manual override feature... So, what is the value of a police override that can itself be overridden by the driver? Again, if you don't allow a driver/passenger override then you have created a safety issue, potentially a large scale safety and security issue if you consider the possibility of a widespread hacking attack.
      • So, all Jack the Ripper needs is to put a flashing light on his car and he can force his victims to a stop? No thanks.

        Hell, it's not unheard of for actual police officers to engage in kidnapping, rape, and murder - if you suspect such a situation, they should NOT be able to trivially disable your vehicle.

        Sure, it should automatically respond to police signals just as a conscientious driver would. But you should also be able to override that behavior, just as a driver with a sense of self-preservation somet

        • by bigpat ( 158134 )

          So, all Jack the Ripper needs is to put a flashing light on his car and he can force his victims to a stop? No thanks.

          Hell, it's not unheard of for actual police officers to engage in kidnapping, rape, and murder - if you suspect such a situation, they should NOT be able to trivially disable your vehicle.

          Sure, it should automatically respond to police signals just as a conscientious driver would. But you should also be able to override that behavior, just as a driver with a sense of self-preservation sometimes must.

          Meanwhile, an unconscious occupant would seem to me to be one of the points of an automated vehicle. Any automated vehicle which needs me to continue to pay attention to the road in case of emergency is a horrible danger to everyone else, because passengers won't do so reliably. And if I don't have to pay attention to the road, then I may as well play video games, take a nap, etc. Just like if I had a chauffeur. You wouldn't pull over a limo because the passengers were unconscious would you?

          That is the case now. You are obligated to pull over. Now... I agree with a manual override. If Jack the ripper starts walking towards the car, then I would like to be able to hit a button and drive away. Or if you really feel unsafe where the car wants to pull over, then similarly I would want a manual override.

          I agree that having an automated car will actually save lives where now if the driver has a medical issue the likely outcome is a high speed collision which endangers even more lives. But if t

    • But what if the cops want to stop you because you're breaking laws that aren't traffic laws? For instance, if they suspect you're fleeing from a crime, carrying weed or are a murder suspect?

      • by Overzeetop ( 214511 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @08:21AM (#50394627) Journal

        Why would they need to? You're in a self driving car that's going to obey traffic laws - they can just follow you to your destination without fear of loss in pursuit. It's not like you're going to "get away" in a self driving car or the car will be operated in an unsafe manner. If it's a single officer, you'll be followed until the car stops. If it's multiple officers, all the have to do is get in front of and to the left and they can "guide" your car onto the shoulder and stop safely.

        There's no operating condition where they actually need an electronic remote disable.

  • If they all stop for a pedestrian in the way, then it will be trivial for criminals to stop any car they want for any reason. Just stand in front of it.
    • Please fill us in on the algorithm you're using to distinguish hostile and non-hostile pedestrians.

      I guess I see your point -- if it's known that autonomous cars will always stop for a pedestrian, there will be some people who decide to take advantage of that behavior. They'll realize that if they step in front of this car, it will stop. It will also alert other cars in the vicinity (so they don't have to stop as abruptly for the destination), it'll probably alert law enforcement (because a pedestrian is il

  • by Karmashock ( 2415832 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @07:56AM (#50394401)

    The hierarchy of control should go this way:

    1. Owner (should have an override that can shut off the engine even if not driving)
    2. Driver (If they're behind the wheel only an owner can shut them off)
    3. Police (can shut off any car not being piloted or directly controlled)
    4. The AI

    Here is how police should work... THE SAME WAY they do with normal drivers. A police car does not shoot your engine out or something. What they do is flash their lights and tell you pull over. And you DECIDE to pull over because you don't want to be in violation of more laws.

    And that is how the AI should operate. If the AI is just zipping down the road and an AI police officer pulls you over (does anyone see that coming?). The AI in your car should DECIDE to pull over. It isn't being forced to do it. I can say "HA HA YOU"LL NEVER TAKE ME ALIVE COPPER!"... but it should only do that if you told it to do that. Otherwise it should pull over like a law abiding AI.

    We've all discussed to death the issue with police overrides and how hackers can use them take control of your car.

    So here is the solution. Rather than just have the AI comply immediately, you can have the AI PING the cockpit or cabin and say "Police request pull over". Then you have ten seconds in the car to reject that. If you don't reject it... then the car pulls off to the side of the road. Where likely as not a friendly Securitron will roll up wearing mirrored sunglasses and tell you to respect its authoritah!

    • by dargaud ( 518470 )
      I want to see an automatic car do this [youtube.com] in the same situation. Using something faste than a 3 point turn: a bootleg turn or J-turn.
      • good luck.

        Best you'll get out of the AI will be a system wide alert to turn around.

        That said, I strongly support the idea that people should be able to control their cars manually either in emergencies or on private property.

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • As to the relationship of the driver to the Taxi... that is up to the taxi company.

        I can see it going either way.

        The taxi could make someone effectively the driver for the duration of the taxi trip like a AI rental car. Or it could simply be a drone that asks people where they want to go and then you're a passenger period.

        If you're a passenger... and not the owner... then the AI shouldn't recognize your authority over the police unless the owners of the taxi company want to do that. I again, feel very stron

  • never. next question?
  • Who owns your car? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Orgasmatron ( 8103 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @08:04AM (#50394455)

    Who owns your car? Who does it serve? Who does it obey?

    We lost the war for our pocket and portable computers (cell phones and tablet). We lost the war for our TVs, movie players, DVRs, etc. We lost the war for the computers that are already in our cars.

    Most disturbing, we are in the process of losing the war for our desktop computers, the very heart of general purpose computing as an individual right.

    If we want to own our cars, we need to stop losing control of our computers, pronto.

    • by 0123456 ( 636235 )

      But driverless cars are The Shiny! What could possibly go wrong?

      There's a reason "Centralization of the means of communications and transportation in the hands of the State" is one of the ten planks of the Communist Manifesto. The Glorious People's State will just love having control over your vehicle, and being able to stop you from using it at any time.

  • it's clear that police officers should have some power over the movements of self-driving cars

    No, this is not clear at all. If police (or anybody that I haven't authorized) can take control of my vehicle, then I don't want that vehicle.

  • A cop should be able to stop a car for absolutely nothing. They need that ability for public safety - there could be any number of reasons why they have to it, from a chemical spil. (undetectable to the car), to a riot.

    But they should under no circumstance be able to redirect it to a new location without physically entering the vehicle. That is not reasonable behavior, an un-neccessary security risk that can be abused by non-police.

  • Any time the cops stop an autonomous car they have to pay the owner of that car $1000, no matter what the reason for the stop. Compared to the legal costs of what comes after a legitimate stop, that's nothing. But it would dissuade police from developing a pattern of frivolous stops.

  • You know how this is going to turn out, you just know it. Bow to your OWNERS!
  • When you give up control, you have no control. The car will do whatever its manufacturer and the powers that be want it to do. I have no interest in a self-driving car. I prefer to remain a self-driven human being.
  • And what if the passenger doesn't want the car to stop—can she override the command, or does the police officer have ultimate control?

    No... the driver already surrendered ultimate control to the car by choosing a self-driving vehicle, and I expect the vehicle to obey the law, Even over the driver's wishes, which says that citizens must follow a lawful official's orders, unless following the order clearly violates civil rights or creates an immediate safety hazard for themselves or another pers

  • Until cops take responsibility for their mistakes and misdeeds, they should be given less power, not more.

    I foresee many police-driven autocar crashes where the cops say simply, "Oh well", and walk away from responsibility.

  • When they personally own them, and only then ever.

    I don't see what is so hard about that.

  • Cops stops car in the road. Bus behind it (manually operated, because unions) keeps going, rear ends car. Car bursts into flames, killing occupants. Who pays?

  • Maybe like if they are really hungry for donuts, they should be able to make a self-driving car be able to get them some.

  • So if I see cops in an unlawful traffic maneuver— like rolling through a red light without their lights and/or sirens on— should I be able to pull them over?

    It's called a `` citizen's arrest [wikipedia.org]'' in most states in the U.S. and various other former British colonies (like the Republic of Ireland [wikipedia.org], the Kingdom of Scotland [wikipedia.org], et al. ;-).

    Should there be some automated device or mechanism that forces their vehicle to comply with my demands? Turn about is fair play, after all: if I surrender my civil r

  • It has always been my assumption that about half the time autonomous cars are moving about they will not have any occupants. Cars will be more like taxis that are summoned, take one or more passengers to someplace, and are then dismissed so they can go pick up the next rider(s). Oh yeah, rich folk will have cars that are driven by chauffeurs but the rest of us will not own automobiles any more than we own airplanes. So I expect a centralized car-management system will be aware of where each car is, where th
  • Ok, so none of us likes the idea of the cops being able to take full control of the car. It leaves a security hole ripe for abuse and mischief, and the cop is not necessarily in the position to determine how best the car should move.

    However, under the assumption that a self-driving car will have a manual mode, what if the cop could emit a signal that disabled the autopilot? That would put the driver in control again, who could then decide whether or not to follow the cop's instructions as well as determine

    • It would have to be a mechanical kill switch for the power bus that services all the automated systems, including the robot on your brakes, accelerator, and steering, or it is just a cute story you tell yourself so you feel better. And no cute integrated batteries that can wake up if a cop wants to override. A computerized switch is a joke.

  • While the police would need the ability to order cars to pull over (bank robbery getaway, or a kidnapping, etc.), there's also the problems of police abusing their authority and people impersonating officers to deal with. Rather than allow police more control than "pull over at the first safe opportunity" and "this area is unsafe, detour this way", we should also be implementing verification that the orders are lawful. A transponder in the officer's badge that could be detected by the car is one idea - wh
    • Any code and procedure can and will be dumped when convenient. Rules can't fix this. Don't accept controlled cars. Don't accept self-driving cars. Don't accept cars controlled by Turing machines which by definition are reprogrammable. Accept only rack-and-pinion steering, hydraulically controlled brakes modulated by your foot, and an accelerator that doesn't ignore your commands when it feels like it. Like e-voting: there is NO correct solution. Any effort is useless to control a computer when hostile outsi

  • by Catbeller ( 118204 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @12:45PM (#50396813) Homepage

    I've been pointing out the obvious ever since they had the brilliant idea of controlling a car by Turing machines on an internal network, hooked up to a external cell phone network. It will follow inevitably that: bad guys will take control, at the worst possible time, or police will exercise their immediately taken prerogative to stop, control, or block vehicles, or a combination of the two, as police aren't always nice, and sometimes the term "police" means "shadowy people who have lots of power and don't like you - at all."

    It will be used immediately to monitor and control cars run by poor people in rich neighborhoods or towns, because of the Children, of course. And the Wikileaks supporters, and people like Assange or Snowden, or women rights supporters in Saudi Arabia wouldn't dare step into a swell new car without taking a chance that the car doors lock, the windows freeze, and their cars drive to a lovely lonely place with a waiting squad of armored men with machine guns await them for a final escort to a place where people never leave, alive or dead. Not only do your phones and TVs listen in and track you, but you can't trust your car not to take you away while you try desperately to break the windows. They'll probably just provide a escort car behind to make sure you can't jump to freedom.

    Picture this, if the above scenario makes you giggle: you're driving to work, and suddenly your steering wheel stops working. The car exists the freeway, and drives to a police station, where a squad of SWAT-armored (they wear it to bust massage parlors, for satan's sake) point guns at you and tell you to exit the vehicle. Why? Who the fuck cares? You could have too many parking tickets (and they will KNOW when you park illegally). Hell, they'll just build a concrete box to slot cars into, to make it dead easy to get you out without risk to themselves. Mass removal of troublemakers made automated. Hell, just drive the cars into a jail receiving garage and starve the passengers out if they don't want to get out, why risk a cop?

    I wonder how they'll support local law enforcement when cars *can't* speed? I digress. They'll invent new crimes, of course.

    It will be damned impossible to annoy or challenge people with power to control your car. It'll be a rolling arrest cage. God, what good little boys and girls we shall be.

    A fun note, to the person who called me out as insane when I predicted a terrorist would just nuke the car controls en masse with an EMP bomb/gun, when I used the term "carnage": when they killed the WIRED journalist's car dead on the expressway, he had a truck barreling up behind the car. If the truck had hit him, "carnage" would have been the term to describe his death. And that was a FRIENDLY demonstration of what happens when you let a computer control your brakes, controls, and accelerator.

    What am I saying? Don't. Let. Computers. Control. Your. Car. EVER. Don't buy them, demand mechanical controls. Buy an Elio, when and if they come out, and make sure the Elioites don't "improve" the autocar by adding self-driving computer systems. Not that they'll have a choice, if we don't start fighting this off now.

    I have no hope this stops. A generation of people who went to school with their faces on their floor while dogs sniff their crotches, and were arrested if they drew someone punching someone, aren't exactly trained to fight for their freedom. They never had freedom; how would they care?

  • by sudon't ( 580652 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @01:16PM (#50397067)

    Q.) When should cops be allowed to take control of self-driving cars?
    A.) When cops suspect the car contains cash!

  • by EmperorOfCanada ( 1332175 ) on Wednesday August 26, 2015 @07:21PM (#50399091)
    SDCs should cut way back on useless policemen because most police spend 99.9% of their time either doing nothing or harassing drivers for money. Very few police spend very little of their times preventing or investigating crimes. With the revenue stream of bullshit tickets gone the police budgets for bullshit police should also dry up.

    Thus the remaining police should be, in theory, actually busy doing actual policework. Thus like many worries about self driving cars, their ability or inability to stop them shouldn't really end up being much of an issue with just a tiny few strange edge cases.

    Where it will get interesting is if you watch a typical episode of cops the police often have the same MO. A board cop looking to show off for the cameras will go to a poor neighbourhood. He will wait for a car with 4 or more black men in it drive by. Then he will follow behind for the 30-60 seconds it takes them to break one of a massive set of traffic violations, and then the cop will pull them over with his ready made excuse in hand. But then the police will "search them for weapons" demand ID and eventually search the car. Then somewhere somehow a felony or warrant will be discovered and the policeman can make some excuse that he took some more "dirtbags" off the streets. Except that warrant was probably for not paying fantastically expensive bullshit traffic tickets issued during previous similar stops. And if the driver doesn't have a licence it will be because the guy lost it for not paying said fines.

    So am I concerned if those police all lose their jobs, NO; am I concerned that they might have trouble pulling people over, NO. The threshold for pulling a SDC over should be that they are certain that the specific car contains an active and ongoing serious crime such as a kidnapping. But if they start doing things like redirecting all the SDCs to a checkpoint so they can do warrant checks or with some BS excuse that there was a recent robbery then screw them and their fourth amendment violating inbred deliverance level thinking.

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