Fluid Logic Chips 250
Doc Ruby writes "Colorado researchers 'have constructed microfluidic gates that use the relative flow resistance of liquid to carry out the basic logic operations NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NOR and NAND. The researchers have also combined a pair of gates into a half adder, which carries out half the operation of addition.' All CPUs processing binary logic are made of these types of gates, but usually execute as flows of electrons in wires, not fluids in tubes. Will this advance revolutionize chemistry and computing the way electric gates revolutionized electronics and computing? Will 'fluid programmers' give new meaning to "flowchart"?"
How fast? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
Which is faster?
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Informative)
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
Re:How fast? (Score:4, Interesting)
True, but you wouldn't necessarily need to move a specific liquid molecule through an entire path/circuit. For example, say you have a tube filled with water, and you were to apply pressure on one end, almost instantly, water would be expelled from the other end. The "distance" that any single molecule of water along the path would need to travel depends only on how much water you want to get out of the other end.
For lack of a better analogy, it would be like poking someone with a stick rather than throwing a rock at them - travel time is mostly eliminated.
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Informative)
You can quantify that better. It basically travels at the speed of sound in the medium, because it uses the same forces that sound does.
This is also the solution to the relativity paradox, "What if I take an infinitely rigid rod and tap it on one end, causing the other end to instantly vibrate, with the tap exceeding the speed of light?" The answer is that in this universe, no such infinitely rigid rod is possible; the maximum speed possible is still the speed of light.
This also implies that fluidic computing will always be slower than electronics, because the fundmental speed is orders of magnitudes slower. Which doesn't mean it is useless, I'm just killing two birds with one stone here, showing why this is no threat to electronics
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Informative)
Actually, if you look at the microscopic physics, they both use the same forces. It's primarily electromagnetic forces, although some quantum degeneracy statistics plays a role too, that prevent your hand from going through a door when you knock on it. However, in fluidics (and sound) phonons are being transmitted through the medium, just like photons are transmitted through the wires in electronic systems. However, the sound waves derive mostly from the usually harmonic potentials keeping molecules spaced apart at their average distances. EM waves derive from charges (ie, electrons) moving and reacting with each other.
This also implies that fluidic computing will always be slower than electronics
Practically yes, but to be pedantic - not necessarily always. Maxmimum signal speed in fluidics would by governed by phonons, and in electronics by photons.
In reality the phonon modes, which are usually pretty dispersive (ie propogation speed depends on frequency), have slower propagation speeds than photons (also usually dispersive but usually not as much) in most matter.
But to say 'always' isn't necessarily true, there's no reason a priori to assume in some random material photonic excitations are necessarily faster than phononic excitations.
Re:How fast? (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:How fast? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:How fast? (Score:2, Insightful)
No, he means the speed of light. Electron flow speed has nothing to do with how fast electronic circuits can perform operations; it's the EM wave that is important, not the actual electronics themselves.
Think about it... you average processor speed is so fast that it's many bajillion times faster than the electrons can actually move. The clock signal is NOT transmitted as electrons - it simply can't be.
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
Dumb -1
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
The reason the lights come on seemingly the same instant you flip the switch is NOT because electrons are going around the circuit that quickly. It's because changes to the electric field in the circuit propogate very quickly. Please see http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae69
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
Bzzzt. Wrong. A basic unit of a MOS transister is the transit time of electrons in a gate. This is related to the mobility of the charge carriers (electrons/holes).
To quote "Introduction to VLSI Systems" (Mead/Conway):
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Informative)
This seems to be a common misperception on slashdot.
Electrons are certainly used, of course, in digital logic circuits. For example representing bits as charge stored in a capacitor, or by mediating the quantum statistics of a transistor for switching (by controlling the charge on the gate of a MOSFET).
However - when a signal is sent down a wire (eg, from a microprocessor, over the data bus, to a peripheral) that signal is NOT being sent through the electron drift. [Although electrons will drift in presence of an electric field, the drift velocity is INCREDIBLY small, look it up.]
If the microprocessor wants to flip a bit from a 0 to a 1, the wire is originally at one potential, and the microprocessor will change the potential. This disturbance isn't instantaneous along the wire, that would violate relativity. The microprocessor basically creates an electromagnetic disturbance that travels down the wire to the peripheral.
Now let's look at this 'disturbance' more closely. Electrons at point A are being ultimately effected by electrons at point B. This effect is mediated through electron interactions, and one knows that that the electromagnetic force is the mediator between electrons. And from Quantum Field Theory one knows that photons are the quanta of the electromagnetic force.
So what this in effect means is that whenever electrons are interacting, photons are being transmitted somewhere during that exchange. Thus, the parent was correct that it's the electromagnetic wave, as opposed to the physical motion of the electrons themselves. that plays the role in limiting digital logic speed.
Re:How fast? (Score:3, Funny)
Re:How fast? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
No, they don't. Not by a long shot. (Link [gsu.edu] to a page that lets you see how the size of the wire and the current changes the drift velocity, but typical speeds are measured in centimeters per hour.) However, you don't actually need to move electrons all the way through the circuit to have a current, so the drift speed of the electrons is not really relevant.
Re:How fast? (Score:3, Interesting)
People are generally surprised that drift velocity of electrical current i
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Informative)
The speed of light in a material is slower than in a vacuum, by a factor of the index of refraction (usually frequency dependent). Interestingly, it IS possible for particles to travel faster than this apparent speed of light, and in doing so they emit Cerenkov Radation [wikipedia.org], which is how many high-energy physics particle detectors (eg SNO) detect individual particles.
** For the nitpickers who will inevitably respond to that generalization, it is occasionally possible (in theory, at least) to set up a mode in some carefully-devised system where the speed of propogation of this mode is faster than c, but this mode cannot carry information. Simple example is a linear array of equally-spaced pendula, each with the same fundamental frequency, and with a spring connecting the weights at the bottom to the two pendula on either side. If a mode is set up where all pendula are oscillating at their fundamental frequency, all of them at exactly the same phase, (springs always remain at their unstretched length) then the phase velocity of this mode is infinite. However, there can be no 'information' or disturbance transmitted down the system. In reality, thermal and quantum disturbances would disrupt this mode and it would eventually become something much more complicated. These disturbances would be transmitted at a finite velocity, less than c.
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Funny)
It's amusing, but in 1967 this Fluidic Amplifier was billed as "the simplest device known for setting up digital circuit applications."
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Funny)
That and little green pieces of paper.
Re:How fast? (Score:5, Insightful)
How fast could this ever be? Neat, but I dunno how this could ever be put to a practical use. Cool hack none the less.
In all likelyhood this will never be used as a replacement for silicon. It's much more likely that stuff like this will be used in bioinformatics & pharmacuetical circles in order to perform massively parallel tests on different molecular combinations.
If there are over 1,000,000 molecular permutations of a particular family of drugs(or DNA). Perhaps this kind of computer could rapidly cycle through all such combinations. Maybe the testing reaction could be performed with a liquid-mechanical ALU of sorts. Then the results could be stored in a liquid memory bank where they could be reviewed. Perhaps indicator dyes, or electrical dyes could be used to signal positive/negative results. *shrug*
Re:How fast? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:How fast? (Score:3, Insightful)
You're completely missing the point. This machine is just a fluid implementation of a binary machine. In that respect, it has absolutely no logical difference from a silicon based digital machine.
I think you might be drawing some sort of paralel between the fact that Quantum computers can do many things in paralel, and the fact that this doesn't use electricity as a means of implementing classical digitial logic.
Quantum c
Re:How fast? (Score:2)
So, yes, there are practical uses for these kinds of things.
I swim the body fluidic. (Score:4, Insightful)
Additionally, humans are more chemical than electronic. Even our neurology, often metaphorically "electric", is really an ion pump. All electronics require lots of adapters to couple with our senses, either chemical, optical or mechanical (including sound). These fluidics are in the same domain as our own primary physical existence. So integrating them with our biology might be more direct. Implants, sensors, medicine, all the much more personal tech applications might be more available to microfluidics than they've been to alien electronics. Surf's up!
It's not like this is new logic... (Score:2, Interesting)
Nice joke... but I don't quite understand what "fluid programming" would be compared to normal programming. Changing out the processor might allow things to be done faster, but it's not like these fluid chips will suddenly be able to complete a whole new set of logical operations, the chip technolgy just decides how the ones-and-zeros get stored... it doesn't really have much say in how they're going to be used, that's the programmer and complier's
Re: (Score:3, Informative)
Re:It's not like this is new logic... (Score:5, Interesting)
Would they survive an EM burst?
Re:It's not like this is new logic... (Score:2)
Depends on frequency, intensity, and duration. How long does your cold cup of coffee stay cold when being microwaved on high?
Re:It's not like this is new logic... (Score:2)
probably a LOT longer than a CPU....
It is more a matter of having something that can last longer than the pulse you can generate. If it can last say 10 or 100 times longer than a copper chip, it is an advantage - one that anyting that used copper chips might not have.
Experiments that could not be measured close up with electronic circuits could now be measured/observed.
Just imagine if we had computerized war machines that cou
Re:It's not like this is new logic... (Score:3, Interesting)
I used to work in a fluidics laboratory as an intern [hey, I actually know something for once that every Slashdotter doesn't know!] and one of the purposes they were developing this stuff for was because of its ability to survive an EM burst. They were talking about using it in fighter planes for exactly that reason.
This was two decades ago, I'm ashamed to admit [I mean, I can't believe I've gotten so old that I remember two decades ago], and the things this lab built
Re:It's not like this is new logic... (Score:2)
Yes; the whole point of using abstractions like these (in this case, using a totally new technology to implement well-understood AND, OR, etc.) is to hide the underlying lower-level technology so that everything we already know can be reused on top. While there may be reasons that the whole system might be better or worse for some applications (somebody alluded radiation), once standard gates are available, there's no inherent reason why a fluid computer would need to be programmed any differently from oth
Redundant Systems and Fluid Dynamics (Score:4, Funny)
Not really, because it's basically a copy of the old way except utilizing fluid dynamics. The way electric gates revolutionized electronics was special because there was nothing like it before. What this will do, is enable better redundant designs for deep space probes. Also, a liquid computer likely doesn't get as hot or it won't be as much of a problem if it does.
Will 'fluid programmers' give new meaning to "flowchart"?"
No, we'll just fill all the systems with coffee and call ourselves The Happy Folk.
Re:Redundant Systems and Fluid Dynamics (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Redundant Systems and Fluid Dynamics (Score:2)
One new feature. (Score:2)
You could, for example, make a fuzzy neural network where "flow" was the feedback generated by checking conductivity, amplifying it and feeding it into a pump. For particularly massive networks, this may be faster than the digital equivalent.
This is an old idea. I myself heard about it in 1998, but they were having problems getting the liquid to hold it's state during delays (and trouble initializing it too, I be
will... (Score:3, Funny)
So in the future (Score:5, Funny)
"Guinness inside"
Galloping gnards! A water-powered computer? (Score:2)
There are many subsequent panels in this story line, if you follow the links at the bottom of the Jargon entries...
We already know the future. (Score:3, Funny)
The only reason we have Fluid logic chips today is that The Doctor defected from UNIT after the BBC cancelled the series, selling his advanced knowledge on the subject to these researchers.
What about microscopic steam-based logic gates? (Score:3, Funny)
Re:What about microscopic steam-based logic gates? (Score:2)
And now that fancy water-cooling system in your box can also power your processor. Yeah!
But overclockers will then need larger and larger pumps. It's all fun and games untill some kid pokes his eye out hooking up a pressure washer pump to his computer.
Re:What about microscopic steam-based logic gates? (Score:2)
Ever seen the inside of an automatic transmission? (Score:2)
Old logic, new gates (Score:2, Informative)
In Eastern Germany (Score:5, Informative)
Essentially it worked the same way, plus they had a little "Transistor" where a big airstream would be disturbed if a small control airstream is on.
Obvious advantages of that technology:
- You only need to be able to cut sheetmetal and weld it together
- Not affected by X-Rays unless you melt it (think MAD/Nukes)
- Probably no cooling problems (not sure about this)
Of course, it'd be also very slow. And big.
Re:In Eastern Germany (Score:2)
Kinda curious what Nasa would think of that. They're not a big fan of radiation causing random bits on a chip to get flipped.
Re:In Eastern Germany (Score:2)
Re:In Eastern Germany (Score:2)
Re:In Eastern Germany (Score:2)
Something is still going to have to power those micro fluidic pumps. And your display. And the keyboard. AND your hard drive. Disrupt any one of those systems or the PSU and your fluidic chip is useless.
chemistry and computing? (Score:5, Interesting)
I'm not sure if this is a typo.. but I see no real use for this in computing.. unless you want computers which (at best) work like conventional ones except much, much, much, slower.
However, in chemistry.. it may very well become a big thing. One possible use I can think of is for building automated little microlaboratories, controlling the mixage and flow of different chemicals.
This, in general, is a hot research topic in chemistry.. Already in biotech a lot of things similar to this are being put to practical use (Chip assays is an example).
Basically, it's the revolution of miniaturization which is (finally..) coming to chemistry.
Reasons for Fluidics (Score:2)
They are also really useful in direct control of fluids..
There are many others of course, but those 2 come to mind.
Re:chemistry and computing? (Score:2)
You could be possible to build a micro-lab which tests for something by mixing a sample fluid with different reagents and combining that with some 'fluid-logic' in order to determine the result.
Besides research, I could imagine good practical use for this kind of technology in forensics.
Obviously, a small, cheap and easy-to-use (maybe even disposable) test which could be done directly at a crime scene could be very important in catching crimi
Advanced? This is 50's technologies (Score:4, Insightful)
Sure its still cool, but dont call it 'advanced'..
Geesh..
Re:Advanced? This is 50's technologies (Score:2)
As one might consider a 90nm process CPU to be more advanced than the 130nm process CPU of the same core. It should be able to do more with less current, and also go up to higher frequencies.
Frozen hack... (Score:2, Funny)
This just in... (Score:2)
And no, I didn't RTFA, but I agree with other comments that this fluid stuff sounds like a very cool hack and may have some practical application somewhere.
Don't.. (Score:2)
Teaching tool? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Teaching tool? (Score:2)
How would you cool such computing devices? (Score:3, Informative)
Re:How would you cool such computing devices? (Score:2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltier-Seebeck_effec t [wikipedia.org]
Cool Running (Score:5, Insightful)
At a rough guess from scaling theory, they're gonna take several orders of magnitude more energy/bit than electronic gates.
There are still some bugs in the water gates... (Score:4, Funny)
Mandatory reading for the larval [catb.org] geek [catb.org]...
reminds me of something ESR pointed out to me... (Score:2)
Corning fluidics (from about 1972) (Score:5, Interesting)
Cute, but they went no where. I put together a neat high school science fair project with them and got to the county level.
Nice to see the concept recycled.
...new meaning to "flowchart"? (Score:2)
Will 'fluid programmers' give new meaning to "flowchart"?"
Well, it'll certainly give new meaning to piss poor code.
And instead of bugs in our code, will we have proterozoins? "Gee, that's some pretty proterozoiny code ya got there."
Zounds (Score:3, Funny)
So, we have come full circle (Score:2)
You can find fluid control systems (typically pneumatic) in explosion hazard areas.
Not new. Just smaller.
Combine with plastics and you have something (Score:2)
Hopefully they won't leak like the breast implants.
microfluid logic basic research (Score:2)
Flow Chart? How about liquid cooling... (Score:2)
Backup computer for dynamically unstable aircraft? (Score:2)
So, in theory, an electro-magnetic pulse (EMP) could make a fighter airplane crash by knocking out the computer that keeps it stable in the air.
The F-16 is one of these dynamically unstable aircraft. I thought I had read, years ago, that the F-16 has a fluidic backup computer that is smart enough to keep it flying if the main computer goes down. How
Gee, whiz computing? (Score:2)
Obligatory joke (Score:2)
Fluidic state machine: automatic transmissions (Score:2, Informative)
One link I found (go down to "Valve Body"):
http://www.familycar.com/transmission.htm [familycar.com]
The modern processor is an electrical state machine and the valve body is a fluidic state machine.
The only real development is the physical implementation of the logic but
Im amazed how.... (Score:3, Insightful)
First off, electronics can be made EMP-proof, and a few ways at that.
1: Surround COMPLETELY the device with shielding, ala TEMPEST. Ground the shielding.
2: Use EMP detecters around the object to detect incoming pulse. When slight spike is recorded, cut electricity and ground the chips. These "hardened" chips have a cutoff which crucial parts are grounded/ungrounded on accepting a signal.
3: Use electron tubes for the base part of the system. Connect e-tubes to tempest surrounded internal computer. Use self-grounding chips for best survivalibility.
Re:Im amazed how.... (Score:2)
Gee...that's *really* simple when you have i/o to deal with.
Yes, you can have isolation, but it's not perfect and still vulnerable to damage. Your controller might survive, but i/o might be destroyed, yay!
Fluidic Chips Underrated?? (Score:2)
And if you wanted to be cool as hell... (Score:2)
Transmissions... (Score:2)
So this stuff does get used in real life, only it's much bigger. Of course the total gate complexity is in the single digits, however.
Man! (Score:2)
one word (Score:2)
Fluid Logic Chips as EMP proof systems (Score:2)
Re: (Score:2)
Does this mean... (Score:2)
... we'll have to implement a physical bit-bucket, and empty it periodically?
... we can finally settle the Beer Wars by feeding streams of bubbly as input?
... on a more serious note, could this technology potentially be used to provide a 100% alcohol-free beer/wine, as opposed to the 99.9% or so achieved now through freezing?
I see in the future a top-ten contest for the most interesting use of the forthcoming fluid logic processor. Also, enterprising youths may wish to go hit USPTO and NetSol now to reg
Fluidic Space? (Score:2)
Another obligatory water-related joke... (Score:2)
On the other hand, if each operation had a point that really floated, then turning the machine upside down would cause an overflow operation and possibly core dump the points onto your desktop, which I suppose would be fine if you were using an "aquarium" screensaver.
Regards,
-Ocelot Wreak
Cartoon? (Score:2)
Ob Rollerball Reference (Score:2)
Richard Feynman (Score:2)
NCR at the1963 World's Fair (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Sounds great but... (Score:5, Informative)
The flows here are created by the capillary forces which dominate at that size.
No gravity required.
Fluid computer in Cold War? (Score:3, Informative)
no applause, just throw money (Score:2)
Re:their XOR looks busted (Score:2)
Re:Hydraulic Propagation Delay? (Score:2)
Uh, minor nit. (Score:3, Insightful)
I know the macro and