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MIT Researches Map Cell Phone Usage 88

stlhawkeye writes "MIT researchers with the Mobile Landscape Projects have mapped a city based on cell phone usage. The article includes a map of Graz, Austria with a color-coded overlay indicating cell phone usage in various parts of the city. Using call origin and destination data, they are able to not only reverse-engineer a topographic map of the geography and landscape, but one of phone usage as well. The implications of the research have practical applications in law enforcement, emergency management, and traffic management. There are also, of course, privacy implications."
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MIT Researches Map Cell Phone Usage

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:19PM (#13571450)
    Is anyone checking to ensure that the MIT engineers are not eavesdropping on your cell-phone telephone calls?
    • Researchers at MIT may not be able to hear your cellphone call, but they have found a way to see it.

      Only CalTech's calls ;)

      - dshaw
    • by Anonymous Coward
      I work in cellular infrastructure design so I have a clue about what these researchers do & don't have available.

      They wouldn't be able to eavesdrop on your call given the type of data this article says they have available. They only have access to some of the call statistics (location, origination, termination, etc...) and are nowhere near the pipe that is carrying the bits that make up your voice or data.

    • by negative3 ( 836451 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @09:52PM (#13572738)
      It depends on the standard; some are harder to eavesdrop on than others. Any fool with a 30kHz (even 10kHz will work) bandwidth FM demodulator and the proper tuner can get an analog cellphone signal with no problem (AMPS == Ancient Mobile Phone Service, and truly should be abandoned). This is effortless for a graduate student in digital communications. GSM presents a problem for eavesdroppers because all of the time slots are aligned at the base station - if the eavesdropper is not sitting at the base station the time slots could be horribly skewed & overlap or lag. CDMA presents even greater problems because time slots are not the issue but actually figuring out the spreading code, chip rate, etc. is a huge problem. But if this was done cooperatively with a service provider, I'd say that the chances are slight, especially after reading the first line of TFA: Using anonymous cellphone data provided by the leading cellphone operator in Austria, A1/Mobilkom. Do you think the data given to the students is the actual recorded calls? I'd expect it to be time of arrival and any available spatial data. So for now, let's leave the conspiracy theories to

      Another aspect: cell phone companies design their systems based on call density & concentration - this could have been real news a decade ago. It's standard practice now. I can draw the cell phone usage in a city if you answer a few questions: where are the rush hour routes? where is the business district? what are the peak rush hour times? You can get a much better picture by actually analyzing a lot of data but the fundamental result will be the same!

  • Next up (Score:1, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward
    MIT researches why slashdot editors can't correct obvious spelling error. (Two verbs in a row? come on!)
  • Reception... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by TheOtherAgentM ( 700696 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:21PM (#13571471)
    Maybe this can be used to carriers a general idea of where there reception is good and bad. Maybe then they'll believe me when I complain that they need more antennas.
    • Re:Reception... (Score:1, Interesting)

      by Bryansix ( 761547 )
      Unfortunatly, I doubt many cell phone companies in the US actually care. Nor do they most likely keep such detailed information on where calls originate from. Even if they do it probably isn't in any usable format.

      WHat would be really useful is if phones automatically provided connection quality feedback. Like if you get one bar in an area consistently then the provider would know to look at that are to improve the signal or put up a new tower.
      • Re:Reception... (Score:3, Insightful)

        by Pembers ( 250842 )

        The phone company has to keep records about where each call originated so that they can bill you properly. The network automatically keeps aggregate statistics about what's happened in each cell - how many times someone tried to make a call, how many calls connected, how many calls completed successfully, how many were cut off because of signal loss, that sort of thing.

        If they see a high rate of failure coming from one cell, they can tell the network to gather more detailed information about it for a while

        • Hey, I'm not doubting you, just trying to satisfy my curiousity..

          Do they record when someone loses signal? For instance, my old apartment was horrible as far as reception went - I could get zero bars if I stood on my front porch, but couldn't be understood (though I could dial out). But if I went inside, I had no service at all. Can they distinguish between someone merely turning their phone off, and someone going into a completely dead spot?

          Of course, with Sprint, pretty much all of that city was a dead
          • Re:Reception... (Score:2, Insightful)

            by stupid_is ( 716292 )
            yup

            My telco (Orange in UK) refunds the cost of dropped calls, so if I'm wandering around and the call drops, I don't get charged. Also, when you turn your phone off, some signalling goes up to the network to tell them that.

            One thing no-one has touched on is that the operator also has the regulatory considerations to their coverage - they may be required to cover a certain square mileage / proportion of the population (certainly in 3G) which means that they may have to cover an area entirely populated with

          • I should say that I probably don't have the whole picture. My expertise is in performance management, which is mainly concerned with ensuring that when someone wants to make a call, it connects successfully, and the network holds onto it until one party voluntarily hangs up. (My job really is to get that information in front of someone who knows what it means and what to do about it.) So when I say that some data isn't available, or isn't recorded, it might actually be in some other place that my customers

      • Re:Reception... (Score:1, Informative)

        by Anonymous Coward
        Cellular infrastructure guy again...

        You better believe they care! One of our biggest problems is to help our customers keep the failed call attemps & dropped calls to an absolute minimum. There is tremendous competition between the infrastructure vendors in this area.

        The volume of data recorded for each call (or attempted call) is vast including cell site ID, cell sector the access was attempted on, received RF strength (by both cell site AND by the mobile and in much better resolution than those silly
    • Red Peak (Score:3, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward
      The red peak must be a girls college...
  • by bluesoul88 ( 609555 ) <bluesoulNO@SPAMthelegendofmax.com> on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:21PM (#13571478) Homepage
    The correct address for MIT's "Mobile Landscape" project can be found here [mit.edu].
  • by someguy456 ( 607900 ) <someguy456@phreaker.net> on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:24PM (#13571510) Homepage Journal
    I think the question on all of our minds right now is...

    What the hell are MIT researchers doing at Austria?!?

    /chose the wrong school

    //no wait, there are hot girls here
    • Austrian girls are occasionally incredibly smoking hot, FYI. Two or three of the most beautiful women I've ever met were Austrian.
    • Re:Geography... (Score:2, Informative)

      graz has been the cultural capital of europe [graz03.at] back in 2003. since then, new media arts activities in and around graz are quite impressive.

      besides, the current saturation of austria's cell phone market is above 83%, mobilkom austria has a market share of ~41%. i think this provides a good situation for researchers.

      ... but the girls and the styrian beer are good reasons anyway.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:33PM (#13571565)
    In the figure in the original link, the big peak at the right rear is the location of the technical university. So, it shows that college students use cell phones heavily, which could never have been discovered otherwise. ; )>
  • From TFA (Score:3, Funny)

    by max99ted ( 192208 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:34PM (#13571569)
    The research could also have implications for use in large-scale emergencies and for transportation engineers seeking ways to better manage freeway traffic.
    You mean better manage freeway traffic emergencies caused by people on their cell phones?
  • by sploxx ( 622853 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @06:34PM (#13571571)
    What are the privacy implications if the study only uses anonymized location data, i.e. "in this field of 100m x 100m", there is a cell phone which now moves to this field etc.?

    I think there are none. At least not any new ones than those implications by using cell phones at all.
    The data about who uses which cell when does exist already and it needs to exist, in the current state, at all times in the phone system (how would you route calls without this information?)

    Privacy concerns can surely be raised about storing such tracking profiles attached to particular persons. But just anonymized usage patterns?
    • What are the privacy implications if the study only uses anonymized location data, i.e. "in this field of 100m x 100m", there is a cell phone which now moves to this field etc.?

      Not very much reduced. The set of mobile phones which frequently move between my home and the corner of the university where I work is very small.
      • Not very much reduced. The set of mobile phones which frequently move between my home and the corner of the university where I work is very small.

        Therefore I said and also meant anonymized and not pseudonymized. I did not say 'phone ID# XYZ moved from A to B'.

        Of course, if this ID# XYZ is unique to the phone or the SIM card, correlation to other data may in some cases be possible.
    • What are the privacy implications if the study only uses anonymized location data, i.e. "in this field of 100m x 100m", there is a cell phone which now moves to this field etc.?

      There are considerable privacy implications.

      For example: Law enforcement might notice cellphone activity in an area where none is expected - and go see what's going on there. Result: The uncover SOMEthing (a rave, a tresspass, a hermit, a criminal enterpirse, a fugitive, a meeting of political dissenters, ...) and initiate action
      • Re:Considerable (Score:2, Insightful)

        by BrokenHalo ( 565198 )
        Perhaps they were there because they couldn't get the data HERE due to our privacy laws.

        If the "here" to which you refer is America, I would probably take Austria's privacy laws over yours, if given the choice. Given how the US administration is taking the so-called "war on terror" hype as such an excellent excuse to cancel any right to privacy, I'm not sure the US is a place I'd want to be. Of course, it doesn't help that other governments (e.g. Australia, Britain) are gleefully following suit...

      • The very existance of that map may be an invasion of the privacy of the cellphone users in the area.

        Looking at that map, can you give my any single piece of information about any single person in that area based on what is contained in that map? Do you think anyone else could?

        Some of your examples of how privacy is already breached by the existance of that map are not because of the map but what others could do with this mapping technology. The same could be claimed about any video camera or tape recorder
      • Re:Considerable (Score:4, Insightful)

        by Kadin2048 ( 468275 ) <slashdot@kadin.xoxy@net> on Thursday September 15, 2005 @08:45PM (#13572360) Homepage Journal
        I think that your conclusion -- that there might be some significant privacy applications here -- is correct, but your examples are weak.

        I see no reason why aggregate, anonymized call origination data couldn't be used by police. In particular the example about police noticing an inordinate amount of calls from a location where there normally aren't any. I don't see any privacy violation in this.

        Imagine that instead of looking for cell phone calls, which are electromagnetic waves being blasted into the ether, the cops were looking for visible light. They drive by a big abandoned farmhouse and notice lots of lights on. This doesn't give them probable cause to search, but it does give them a reason to knock on the door and ask for permission to search. And if, like many abandoned buildings, the property owner has previously informed the police that the building is posted against trespassing and unoccupied, they may be within their rights to walk right in unannounced, depending on the local laws.

        This is no different from the cell phone case. Only in one situation they're seeing visible light, in the other it's electromagnetic radiation produced by two-way radios (that's what your cell phone is, after all). They can't enter and search a house based ONLY on this, obviously, just like they couldn't if it was just light emanating from the building. If they then went to investigate though, and found probable cause, or were given permission to search, any resulting arrests would not be "tainted."

        The only way the privacy violation would come into play would be if the police, without a warrant or wiretap order, used the unique identification number of your phone plus the network's location data to put you at a certain location at a certain time. That, I think, would be obviously inadmissible, unless the records were kept by the carrier as a matter of course and obtained by a legitimate subpoena after the fact.

        The difference, imo, is when an individual is being singled out for close observation and monitoring, versus when the data is being used anonymously and in aggregate. To come back to the original example of the rave/clandestine meeting/meth lab in the abandoned building, if the police saw that suddently there were 20 active cellphones where for the last year there have been zero, and decided to drive by and check it out, that's perfectly fine. But if they come and arrest you for trespassing because YOUR cellphone was operating from within said property at 2:43 AM last night, when there wasn't a warrant or wiretap order from a judge outstanding already, that's clearly not.

        I am, of course, a nobody, so there's no reason my opinion counts for anything. However based on previous rulings concerning things like infrared observation from aircraft (to look for buildings that are being used as industrial marijuana growing operations), I wouldn't be surprised if what I just outlined is how things eventually work out.
      • Re:Considerable (Score:3, Insightful)

        by gumbi west ( 610122 )
        Sorry, so you think that you should be able to carry around a radio transmitter, on and broadcasting, and the other people shoulnd't be able to look for it?

        Where is the reasonable expectation of privacy? The only way I see reasonable expectation of privacy is if a law is specifically passed that says that you have it, and I could see this come to pass if everyone gets cell phones and uses them primarily. But until then, your claim is about as odd as asking other people not to notice the RF equivalent of fla

        • The only way I see reasonable expectation of privacy is if a law is specifically passed that says that you have it Wow, that's a very strict interpretation of the "reasonableness" test.
          • Can you tell me what you think is reasonable about using a light and expecting others not to look for it's glow? I'm not talking about the actual decryption of the communications, just the glow.
      • Re:Considerable (Score:3, Insightful)

        If you want privacy what the hell are you doing using equipment that broadcasts

        Oh, yeah, PT Barnum described the phenomenon accurately.... there's one born ...

    • Easy. Just say "I solemnly swear that I am up to no good" and every mobile on the map will be neatly labeled.
  • Library Usage Maps (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward
    The same sort of thing is also being done to map the usage of library books [public-library.com].
  • The problem with a cell phone usage map of a tech city, let's say Seattle, is that some neighborhoods have evolved beyond cell phones - and even watches.

    I live in Fremont, Center of the Universe [or so our neighborhood is claimed as in many public artworks], which is a neighborhood in Seattle, one of the most heavily wired and unwired neighborhoods with DSL and Cable modem and Gigapops galore. Many of us have ditched our electronic cell phone tethers and gone phoneless - because we don't want to be bothere
    • Wait a goddamned minute. Since when does *not having a cellphone* make you COOLer??!!?? Is that all it takes these days?

      Get this, buddy: I didn't have a cell phone way back in 1997. That's right, I was too cool to have a cell phone before you were even cool enough to get one in the first place! Beat that!
      • Wait a goddamned minute. Since when does *not having a cellphone* make you COOLer??!!?? Is that all it takes these days?

        Sorry, you snooze you looze.

        It's like being vegan - that was hot ten years ago, but now it's old school.

        Now, if you were from the planetary system Vega, now that would be hot.
  • Whaaaa (Score:5, Informative)

    by tsotha ( 720379 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @07:31PM (#13571958)
    I work for a big cellphone company. The question I have is:

    Why are these people reinventing the wheel?

    We plot phone traffic patterns as a function of geography on a daily basis so we can make sure we have capacity where we need it. Hell, I could go to a plotter 25 yards from my desk and plot out a map very similar to the one in the article.

    Honestly, sometimes I chuckle at what academics think is cutting edge. Years ago a friend of mine from school was discussing "new" compensation algorithms for telescopes which were in fact over 20 years old to the people who've been working in satellite recon.

    • Re:Whaaaa (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward on Thursday September 15, 2005 @08:21PM (#13572245)
      Because you wankers won't give us your plans for making the wheel. Sure it's old news to you guys, but you're the only ones who know about it. If you published your work and opened up your technology, then this would be old news, but for the rest of the world outside your bubble, this is new and cool.
      • Re:Whaaaa (Score:4, Informative)

        by tsotha ( 720379 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @09:24PM (#13572595)
        Well, the satellite stuff was probably classified, so yeah, I could understand that. This particular story, though, is just amusing. How did they think cellphone companies manage network coverage? Blind guessing and ouija boards? Also, in the US cell phone companies are required by law to pinpoint customer locations during an emergency as part of 911 service.
        • Ouija Boards? Why not!?

          I live in the dead center of San Francisco and can't get a decent signal in or around our apt. We've tried multiple carriers to no avail.

          Even with all those high tech resources apparently cell companies can't even get good coverage over a densly populated city measuring a whopping 7x7 miles.

    • Hey don't tar us all with that brush. I'm an academic, and while mobile phones aren't my business, the first thought that popped into my head when I saw this was that I could put that pretty picture together in one afternoon with matlab and a database of cell tower use.

      It's also great the way they take the same data and run it through 3 or 4 different graphing algorithms and proudly present them as different analyses.

      But the real culprits behind this are the funding bodies.

      They've obviously put money into
    • I suspect the point of the article was that it can now be done in realtime. The journalist may not have picked up that plotting traffic patterns was old hat but I'm sure the MIT researchers knew. Realtime traffic patterns would have many more uses than daily plots of the traffic patterns particularly in responding to emergencies.

      The article uses the words "regular intervals" which doesn't really give us much idea of how often this is but "realtime" suggests that it's somewhere in the realm of every minut

      • I didn't mean to imply that because I could produce the same plot we can't produce a realtime dynamic plot. In fact we do on a daily basis for planning and maintennence purposes. In this case by realtime I mean within three seconds of call termination. It may be there's some subtle point the journalist missed but I'm at a loss to know what it is.

        My point about interference cancelling was it's actually pretty common for academic researchers to produce things that aren't cutting edge at all because they b

    • what's new is that it is all online in real time and publicly accessible to all.

      a.
  • Interestingly enough the mapping of the number of reported cases of brain tumour results in he same graph.
  • Google? (Score:2, Insightful)

    by gooman ( 709147 )
    So how long until we can get an overlay for Google Earth?
  • by schweini ( 607711 )
    Could someone tell me why this is supposed to be such a break-through?
    AFAIK, every GSM network provider has a database of what network-cell their users are in at a given time, and when they make a call, so all these guys did was to map that info onto a map of a city? Doesn't sound THAT innovative.
    On a related note: does anybody know of a J2ME program that reads out where the cell-phone it's running on is located at the moment? i once heard something about a "locationAPI' or something like that, but couldn
  • research??? (Score:3, Insightful)

    by idlake ( 850372 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @08:03PM (#13572133)
    What's the intellectual contribution of this research? Mapping data onto city maps is standard GIS usage. It's the kind of information companies use for deciding where to locate cell phone towers, where there are coverage problems, and where there are capacity problems.
  • There's something wrong with the map - I tried clicking on it and I don't see any cute messages...
    ...Oh wait

    http://it.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/15/121 2240&tid=111&tid=218 [slashdot.org]

  • That map looks like something out of Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within [imdb.com]
  • by FlatCatInASlatVat ( 828700 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @09:58PM (#13572774)
    Uh oh!

    ------------

    Non contorque sub ubi voster. (Don't get your knickers in a twist).

  • by cliveholloway ( 132299 ) on Thursday September 15, 2005 @11:34PM (#13573252) Homepage Journal

    ...indicating cell phone usage in various parts of the city. Using call origin and destination data, they are able to not only reverse-engineer a topographic map of the geography and landscape, but one of phone usage as well

    Really? Who'd have thunk it? Outstanding deduction there.

    cLive ;-)

  • I seem to recall reading that most improvised explosive devices used by the Syrian/Saudi/Iranian terrorists deployed in Iraq use cell phone triggers. And I suspect the London bombs were triggered via cell phone, too.

    I dearly hope that cell phone usage provide a window into this kind of activity. If the "privacy concerns" of this sort of cell-phone mapping are real, then the US military could exploit this in some kind of Able Danger style data-mining operation that might save some American soldiers' and Iraq
    • by scotbot ( 906561 ) on Friday September 16, 2005 @05:46AM (#13574575)
      I suspect the London bombs were triggered via cell phone.
      Rubbish. How could they? You can't get a mobile signal on the underground because it's so far underground. The bombs were on timers - at least, they were until the police decided to change the story for reasons known only unto them.
      • I suspect the London bombs were triggered via cell phone.

        Rubbish. How could they? You can't get a mobile signal on the underground because it's so far underground. The bombs were on timers - at least, they were until the police decided to change the story for reasons known only unto them.


        Many underground transit tunnels - and car/truck tunnels - have repeaters nowadays to provide cell phone, emergency signal, and radio services. However, this is not true of all tunnels, only some.
  • Cool (Score:1, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward
    As someone who lives in Graz, this map is very interesting.

    The large red peak is, not surprisingly, the Technical University in Town.

    The smaller peaks in the centre of the map seem to be the Hauptplatz, the schlossberg, and the new art museum - so people phoning to meet friends etc. This area is also the old town of Graz, and is thick with bars, clubs, and resturants.

    The peaks to the top left are residental areas, but there is also a Technical college in this area as well, but this area is also rife for tr
  • What's that big red blob on the map?

    Oh that? That's the movie theater.

    -

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