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Microsoft Media Software

Researchers Create an Automatic Backup Band for Singers 230

Researchers at Microsoft Labs are hoping to allow untrained singers to have their own automatic backup band in the near future. A new piece of software, "MySong", promises to take a sung melody and using a probability computation algorithm, generate an appropriate chord accompaniment. There is also a video of the process on the Microsoft Labs website. "'The idea is to let a creative but musically untrained individual get a taste of song writing and music creation,' Morris told New Scientist. 'There was nothing out there that could take a sung vocal melody as an input and then generate appropriate chords to accompany it. [...] Since people rarely sing at precise frequencies, MySong compares a sung melody to the 12 standard musical notes. It then feeds an approximate sequence of notes to the system's chord probability computation algorithm. This algorithm has been trained, through analysis of 300 rock, pop, country and jazz songs, to recognize fragments of melody and chords that work well together, as well as chords that complement each another.'"
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Researchers Create an Automatic Backup Band for Singers

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  • by suso ( 153703 ) * on Monday April 07, 2008 @11:47AM (#22990328) Journal
    This is nothing new. The first piece of music hardware/software I saw that did this was called Vivace or something like that and it came out back in 1994. There are also other programs in the past and present that do this.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by PunkOfLinux ( 870955 )
      Fuck this. This is just going to make pop music even MORE dreadful to those of us who actually appreciate the artistic quality of music. Oh, look, some blond whore can screech into the mic and it'll make the whole damn song for her! Yay! Yes, let's take one of the most important part of music creation and base IT off of a formula now, too.
      • by D'Sphitz ( 699604 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @11:56AM (#22990460) Journal
        Uh, so don't listen to it... I don't understand why people like you get so angry over pop music, welcome to the free world where you can listen to whatever music you like, and hopefully let others do the same.
        • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

          by PunkOfLinux ( 870955 )
          Because it's fucking impossible to find decent music around here, where we don't have any specialty music shops. All it is is pop shit. I'm sick of it.
        • Uh, so don't listen to it...

          Sometimes it's hard to escape -- TV, movies, shops, etc.

          No need to overreact like the parent comment, though. He came across as a bit of a snob.
        • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

          by billcopc ( 196330 )
          It's a simple function of a limited resource. Only X many albums can be reasonably marketed in a year. The more shit acts there are, the less room that leaves for respectable artists.

          I'd much rather have algorithmic vocals than algorithmic music, but I don't sing so I'm clearly biased.

      • by King_TJ ( 85913 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:04PM (#22990600) Journal
        The thing is, music has ALWAYS been based off mathematical formulas at its core. The "art" really lies in the musician picking and choosing options that work well together to create something pleasing to the ear. (Well, that plus the skill of being proficient in playing an instrument of choice, and/or talent in singing the vocals well.)

        I've played with software in the past that promised to build backing tracks "automatically". There's a pretty neat one called "The Jammer Pro", for example, or the more rudimentary "Band in a Box" software.

        The thing is, you still have to make musical decisions as to which portions of what they generate you'd like to keep, which you'd like to delete, and which give you some good ideas, but need "tweaking" to make the best use of them.

        The Jammer Pro, for example, would let you drag and drop in a "session rock guitarist" for example, and would write electric guitar solos to go along with the chord changes and tempo you specified as the "core" of your song. Some of these were really good! But you had to audition everything it made, and hit "redo" a lot to discard ones that weren't so good, before it came up with something that was a "keeper".

        I really don't envision a computer creating perfect "backing tracks" in real-time to any vocals sung into it. It's more like, it'll sometimes/often make "passable" ones, fun for karaoke or practicing -- but not worthy of recording.
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          I really don't envision a computer creating perfect "backing tracks" in real-time to any vocals sung into it. It's more like, it'll sometimes/often make "passable" ones, fun for karaoke or practicing -- but not worthy of recording.

          Given that pop music is already arguably not worthy of recording, I'm not exactly sure that there's any impediment to this being used for pop music.
          • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

            by ardle ( 523599 )

            I'm not exactly sure that there's any impediment to this being used for pop music.
            I agree - in fact, since pop music is formulaic, it's probably best suited for this ;-)
        • Sounds like the perfect opportunity to apply Genetic Programming.

          In time, the algorithms generated could adapt to your preferences, and your backup band would actually have some substance.
      • by morgan_greywolf ( 835522 ) * on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:08PM (#22990660) Homepage Journal
        That's about what I was thinking. Actually the first thoughts out of my head were:

        "Oh, for fuck's sake! Is creating and playing music really that fucking hard?" I mean, people have been doing this shit for CENTURIES, folks! Millennia even!

        I can just see it now:

        Seacrest: Welcome to Microsoft Idol! And welcome to tonight's first contestant, Sanjaya! In our last round, Sanjaya blue-screened our backup computer band....can he make a comeback tonight? Let's find out!
      • I think you need to lighten up... this looks like a lot of fun.
      • by PopeRatzo ( 965947 ) * on Monday April 07, 2008 @01:53PM (#22991994) Journal

        Oh, look, some blond whore can screech into the mic


        Some Blond Whore is one of the best new bands out there. You should give them a listen.

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by J.F. Gallay ( 1214374 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:06PM (#22990630)
      Vivace (now Smartmusic) uses preprogrammed MIDI files to accompany. It does not make it up. I teach harmony, and let me tell you that the vast majority of pop music out there is incredibly limited in its harmonic vocabulary. Out of all typical harmonic devices used to support a melody, your standard radio material probably uses about 5% of them. So, while this does seem to be a pretty simple and effective implementation of the same processes I teach to students, it is not that hard to do. As long as you set your sights on typical pop music, you can churn out the songs very quickly with sophomore-level training. As a professional musician myself, I for one welcome our new harmonic....oh, never mind.
  • by arkham6 ( 24514 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @11:51AM (#22990374)
    Now they just need to have artificial voices sing music, and random word generators to make lyrics, and the music companies can stop paying those pesky artists!
  • by EaglemanBSA ( 950534 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @11:53AM (#22990394)
    ...considering how unimaginitive most bands are today - the 1-4-5-1 progression is so prevalent in pop music, you can hum most songs on the radio within the first two minutes of listening to it.

    Experiment: pick three Linkin Park songs (from their frist couple of albums), play the first, and sing the melody from the second or third over it. You'll be amazed at how different they aren't.
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by EmagGeek ( 574360 )
      Don't forget the tired but reliable 1-5-6m-4 for emo songs that need at least one minor chord to project all that angst... oh my.. how angsty...

      • by Darby ( 84953 )
        Don't forget the tired but reliable 1-5-6m-4 for emo songs that need at least one minor chord to project all that angst... oh my.. how angsty...

        What would E-B7-E-D-E-D-E-C#7-F#-B7-E be on that scale? Bonus points if you can name the song ;-)

    • Well I think thats the point. Pop muzac has gotten so predictable, you can guess what genre of crap the singer has chosen (probably just a simple bayesian filter, maybe a neural network) and throw in an appropriately awful background.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by CompCons ( 650700 )
        All music is fomulaic. How do you think Beethoven was able to compose music even after he went deaf? Bach's music has been used as an example of how the mathmatics of music is similar to Godel's theory. Ever seen two musicians "jam" together? Ever wonder how they can sound so great even though it's the first time they've ever played together? It's becuase it's formulaic, once you know the formula for jazz you can play with any jazz musician (assuming you can play an instrument). Get off your ignorant high h
        • Before (or after, as the case may be) you call me ignorant, you may want to know a bit more about me - I've studied music since I was 7 years old (almost 20 years now), playing/singing professionally in some venues (including 'jamming'). Of course music is formulaic! Listen to the blues; it's such a regular formula, anyone can play it. My point was, as formulaic as music is, this prediction program isn't that much of a feat.

          That being said, I love variety, and I love experimentation/musicality. My ears are
    • by Sciros ( 986030 )
      I can't disagree with what you actually posted, but as far as this software goes, it all comes down to the training data. If it's mostly trained on top-40 pop, which is simple, formulaic, and doesn't really deviate much from the same few chord progressions, then it will be quite good at auto-generating top-40 pop-style music. It will of course be rubbish at everything else.

      Training it on diverse music would be ideal if they had a lot more training data to work with. Otherwise you'll end up with very incoher
      • Yes, but... (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Nerdposeur ( 910128 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:19PM (#22990848) Journal

        ...even if you can get it to create long, coherent chord progressions, it still will have to stick to chords that match whatever was sung. Even if the system knows how to do jazzy chord changes and secondary function chords and such, an amateur singer won't sing a melody that will flow well with that.

        The melody and the chord structure fit together very intimately. If someone doesn't "hear" the chords they want in their head, they probably won't sing a melody that will need an interesting chord progression behind it to make it work.

        And of course, for any given melody, there are multiple possible progressions (do you want a IV or a I chord here? Or maybe a V7/V?). The singer will need to have the musical sense to choose which one they want.

        • Re:Yes, but... (Score:4, Interesting)

          by Sciros ( 986030 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:37PM (#22991104) Journal
          You're absolutely correct on all points. The system will create "best guess" chord progressions, in any case. I assume it's able to create several guesses based on a probability threshold the user sets initially (probably something like "show me the top 5 most 'fitting' progressions").

          Based on what it's trained on, the system will show certain tendencies. If after training it's boxed up and given to a user to work with (no further training possibly by user), then the user will have to learn what these tendencies are and adjust accordingly.

          And yes, to not create total rubbish the singer will have to have some musical sense. Just like how a "language model" is used to pick out the most-likely-to-be-correct translation from a lattice that the translation model generates in statistical natural language translation systems, the singer might need to pick out what he/she desires out of a set of possibilities the music generation system presents.

          So, if your point was that this system will not be able to instantly fulfill an amateur singer's desires, then you're definitely right. Ideally the system would be able to be further trained on music the amateur singer personally enjoys (or wants to emulate), and would also learn from the choices the singer makes when selecting progressions generated by the system. Over time, then, it would do a better job of mapping the singer's vocals to what he/she wants to hear as an accompaniment.
        • Re:Yes, but... (Score:5, Interesting)

          by dkleinsc ( 563838 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @01:24PM (#22991726) Homepage
          That is and it isn't true. As someone who's often responsible for improvising harmonies to match a melody, it's quite possible to provide an interesting harmony to a boring melody and vice versa.

          My personal favorite example here is the popular song "Turkey in the Straw". The traditional harmony goes something like this (assuming the key of C):
          verse: C-C-C-C-C-C-G-G-C-C-C-C-C-C-G-C
          chorus: C-C-C-C-F-F-F-F-C-C-C-C-C-C-G-C
          However, this is a very nice more complex harmony:
          verse: C-C-C-C-C-Am-Dm-G-C-G/D-C/E-C/E-F-D/F#-G-C
          chorus: C-C-C-C-F-F/E-Dm-G-C-D-D#dim-C/E-F-D/F#-G-C

          The melody works either way, but the harmonies are quite different.
    • Shouldn't be too hard...

      On the contrary, that's precisely why I think this will be difficult. I think bands like Linkin Park rely directly on their delivery method and cosmetic appeal instead of the chord structures. Just because a song is simple doesn't make it inferior to a complex song. Often times, it makes it more accessible to a larger audience.

      The user of this software can put in the great lyrics and vocals but this is going to fail on delivery of someone who is thinking Tool but receives straight forward mediocre

    • by qengho ( 54305 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:19PM (#22990846)

      Linkin Park songs...You'll be amazed at how different they aren't.

      Somebody took two songs, pitch-shifted one (and probably tweaked the timing a bit) and built an MP3 with one song in each speaker. [caltech.edu]

    • It's actually worse than that - a lot of bands are really just reusing other tunes with a few tiny little changes. The Sugababes "Push The Button" can edit really nicely with Wham "Last Christmas", for example - next time you hear "Push The Button" think of the little sparkly bell break from "Last Christmas" over the verse pattern.

      The track "Talk" by Coldplay contains a direct lift of the hook from "Computerlieb" by Kraftwerk, and it's fairly poorly credited.
    • Loads of songs, even brilliantly original songs have a 1-4-5 progression. Look through a Dylan or Beatles songbook and you'll find hundreds. That doesn't make them bad or not worth listening too.
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by kellyb9 ( 954229 )

      Experiment: pick three Linkin Park songs (from their frist couple of albums), play the first, and sing the melody from the second or third over it. You'll be amazed at how different they aren't.
      I'll take your word for it.
    • Do you think chord progression is all there is to music? Do you think an exotic chord progression makes a good song? What about rhythm and melody and instruments and it's timbres? You can write a thousand songs in that chord progression and all be very very different and interesting.

      I've heard the Linkin Park and Nickelback examples. The songs suck by themselves but you combine them together and it sounds pretty interesting.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Oh, don't be so quick to dismiss the humble I-IV-V.

      Sure, it's easy to pick up and make a song with it. Sure, pop, rock, and just about everything else is built around the I-IV-V. That doesn't dilute the power of the I-IV-V. There's a lot to be said for taking a simple canvas and working with it. It comes from the blues and evolved to jazz (in the form of ii-V-I). It's a formula, and one that you can squeeze a lot out of. I could point you to some songs that use a I-IV-V that would blow you away. You
  • I'm sure there is a hidden back door to the RIAA to get your IP address so they can come knock on your door because you stole someones music in singing your own songs
    • I'm sure there is a hidden back door to the RIAA to get your IP address so they can come knock on your door because you stole someones music in singing your own songs

      The Recording Industry Association of America only gives a damn if you steal recordings of music.

      Steal a melody or chord progression and the thugs that come to cap your ass will be ASCAP's.
  • This will further devalue the pop music product that made record labels so much money.

    The walls are falling in on an industry that cashed in on people's inability to tell good music for bad.

    This is good news for all musicians who make music worth listening to, as opposed to music worth blaring out of a radio in the background while you IM, buy corporate media on Amazon.com, watch TV and send pictures of your weener to "girls" you met on myspace.
  • "Thank-you, NASA!"
  • Now we can focus even more closely on repeating, copying and imitating already tired simulacra and finally do away completely with pesky things like creativity and insight! The technology of tomorrow, today!
  • I'm surprised this wasn't invented by Stock Atiken Waterman [wikipedia.org]!

    Bonus video! [youtube.com] :)

  • "Talk about pi**ing your money away. I hope you kids see what a silly waste of resources this was." -- Frances Smith, "Christmas Vacation"
  • I'm working on this program called MyEar.

    It's a probability computation algorithm that has been trained, through analysis of 300 rock, pop, country and jazz songs, to recognize fragments of melody and chords that work well together, as well as chords that compliment each another.

    I'm going to feed the output of MySong directly into the input of MyEar, and get all those annoying humans completely out of the loop.

    And then...and then...I'll plug the humans into little VR pods, one per human (they'll never notic
  • DMC-whA? (Score:2, Interesting)

    by sirroc ( 1157745 )
    So who is to blame if a song input from a user results in a generation of notes that is already has a copyright?
  • I think the brain power would be more well spent if they created a robot that does research.
    The humans seem to only ever think of bad ideas.
  • Gah.

    I strongly suspect this will end up like the "watercolour" and "oils" filters on photoshop - as in "interesting, but no substitute for talent".

    Expect to see this IP in karaoke and sing along machines to convince gullible people they have talent (and less money).

    I have this weird mental image of George Gerswhin arguing with his new electronic piano (yes, I know he's dead) before throwing it out of his window.

  • by Minwee ( 522556 ) <dcr@neverwhen.org> on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:19PM (#22990840) Homepage
    Sure, first you reduce every song to a sequence of twelve standard notes. Then you start applying regular expressions to match the patterns, and before long it's meloncholy elephants [spiderrobinson.com] everywhere.
  • I can't wait for music to feature the quality, innovation and depth of soul that Microsoft is known for.

    Oh, wait - that's what's wrong with all the music already being made with the last generation of music technology.
  • re (Score:2, Funny)

    what ever happened to talent like ELP or Boston
  • Anyone know what the chords would be to, "Dear Aunt, let's set so double the killer delete select all"?

    Somehow I have doubts as to the reliability of this...
  • by Simonetta ( 207550 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:33PM (#22991044)
    I 'discovered' that the best way to sing in tune (with recordings, or a group) is to cup one hand about one foot (@30cm) in front of your mouth and cup the other hand behind one of your ears.

      While singing, your voice bounces off the hand in front of your mouth and then gets redirected into your ear. Then you can adjust the pitch of your voice to harmonize with that of the recording. This really makes a difference in your ability to sing in tune.

      I thought that this was my secret trick until I saw the BeeGees on television long ago and Robin Gibb was using the same 'hand behind ear' technique to get his complex falsetto parts just right. The studio monitor fed his voice towards his ears.

        I know, I know, the BeeGees, don't laugh, during the years 1975 to 1979 they were best male ensemble vocalist group in the popular music world. Dorks maybe by current standards, but who are Slashdaughters to judge in that regard?

        Anyway, I realize that the last thing a Slashdot reader will ever do is sing. But most Slashdot readers have an obsession with doing things right, should the need ever arise, then in regards to singing, this is how it can be done right.

        I suspect that this Microsoft program, like all Microsoft pop culture products, will go nowhere and die a slow, embarrassing death should it ever get released. It sounds to me (bad pun) like the auto-play features found on those plastic WalMart keyboards that are too cheap and dumb to have MIDI ports included on the back. Microsoft should put this code into open-source and take a tax write-off on the development costs.

        And speaking of which, just exactly WHY is Microsoft researching automatic computer music product generation? If I recall correctly, don't they make personal computer operating systems and business software. I guess that it must be that since they found and eliminated all the bugs in their primary products that they were looking for a new challenge. And they want to get some of the glory that is coming from the Rock Star plastic button guitar weirdness that is currently popular among the less-musically-inclined sector of the population.
    • by turgid ( 580780 )
      The great thing about being tone deaf is that you can sing along to absolutely anything and it always sounds great. I do my singing in the car.
  • Headline Correction (Score:3, Interesting)

    by eno2001 ( 527078 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @12:56PM (#22991400) Homepage Journal
    Was: "Researchers Create an Automatic Backup Band for Singers"
    Correct Version: "Researchers Create a BAD Automatic Backup Band for BAD Singers"

    OK. That was silly of me. But, I do have to say that if all music in the future was created like this, I'd probably stab myself in the ears. It's early in this game though... I suspect that once the concepts of the software are ironed out, the addition of more interesting chord progressions will happen. I'm still wondering how real musicians would wind up finding any use for this?

    I've been using computer based music sequencers since the mid 80s and I think the last thing any real musician wants to see is "Microsoft Composer". I can see it now, instead of Clippy, they'll have "Wolfy" which will be a horrid caricature of Mozart appear every time you start to create a song:

    1. You make something using minor 7ths and 9ths and Wolfy shows up, "I see you're writing an 'unhappy' song, would you like to make your song happy"?
    2. You start sequencing something very abstract and atonal and this is the way you've worked on music for nearly three decades, up pops Wolfy, "It looks like you're having trouble getting started, would you like me to show you how to do a basic major C chord progression"?
    3. You start inputing some heavy polyrhythms, and Wolfy butts in again, "Your song appears to be too rhythmically different, do you need help with a standard 4/4 beat"?

    Ugh... more and more reduction to the lowest common denominator. Back in high school a friend and I came to the conclusion that all highly popular music would eventually be one note surrounded by 4/4 beats and grunts for lyrics. This software certainly seems to be taking things in that direction.

    I keed I keed.
    • one note surrounded by 4/4 beats and grunts for lyrics

      That is the band my neighbors listen to at 2 a.m. on the weekends.
  • All I do, every day, is music. I am majoring in music and I don't have any GEs this quarter - I spend all my daytime surrounded by it. As such I LOVE helping non-majors with their music GE homework or talking to people about music (and not just "such and such music is good" but we discuss our OWN ideas on music that WE wrote). Now from that stand point this is absolutely awful. Why would they come and take a class for fun, learning, social interaction, and sell-fulfillment when they can belt into a compute
    • by hal2814 ( 725639 )
      "Please don't spend money on this software so you can scream wildly and make a hardly listenable tune... The majority of us "classically trained musicians" aren't nearly as snooty and erudite as culture would have us look"

      Or that you would have yourselves look? You do yourself no favors by assuming that any music made with this new software will be "hardly listenable tune." The process of making music is always getting simpler. This is just potentially another facet of that. I'm sure it's not a 100% sol
  • by treeves ( 963993 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @01:15PM (#22991610) Homepage Journal
    "Compliment each another"?
    chords and melodies cannot compliment one another, however, they can complement one another, like complementaty colors.
    and "each another" is just sloppy.
    I've got mod points, so I'm not worried too much about burning karma...thus the latent grammar Nazi comes out.
  • As any statistician would weigh in, the number of songs they've analyzed is far too puny to generate any kind
    of usable data past the novelty of the first couple of times someone will hear or interact with this device.

    When looking at the number of attributes and sophisticated tagging and analysis that goes on for a service
    like Pandora, I'd wager that there is no way to generate something interesting for humans with less
    than twenty to forty times more songs taken into account, not to speak of the numbe
  • It would be interesting (well, at least to me) to see this technology run in connection with Yamaha's Vocaloid technology. Vocaloid, as Wikipedia puts it, "is a singing synthesizer application software developed by the Yamaha Corporation that enables users to synthesize singing by just typing in lyrics and melody."

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocaloid [wikipedia.org]

    The English version doesn't work very well, but the Japanese version called "Hatsune Miku" doesn't sound all that much worse than the average pop idol. That,
  • Are there any free software equivalents that I can try right now? I guess it can be broken into two parts: 1) One takes an audio sample and generates chords, and 2) one that generates accompaniment based on the chord pattern.

    There should be a third part to the module: 3) modify the chord and it would change your sung words or sounds to the follow the chord. Or at least keep all your notes for a given chord in line with the current chord.
  • by MonkeyBoyo ( 630427 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @01:36PM (#22991856)
    If somebody asks to be accompanied on an unknown song, most musicians will initially try the 4 chord progression known as Rhythm changes [wikipedia.org] (named for Gershwin's "I've got Rhythm"). Often it works, and in listening to MS kludge it seems they likes their Rhythm changes.
  • by awtbfb ( 586638 ) on Monday April 07, 2008 @01:38PM (#22991870)
    Has anyone set this to "Developers! Developers! Developers!" yet?
  • "Since people rarely sing at precise frequencies".. As any f-transform will tell you a human voice is going at about an infinite number of different sized, distinct sin waves. Maybe I just have a huge pet peave when I hear things like this because the only thing that actually produce a single frequency is an object. Human voices never do... in fact 2 people singing with the same note have different sin patterns... anyway
  • This algorithm has been trained, through analysis of 300 rock, pop, country and jazz songs, to recognize fragments of melody and chords that work well together, as well as chords that complement each another.
    The irony being that just after this process, it slaps 18 layers of DRM on so no-one can hear it anyway.
  • Reminds me of a former professor's work, "GenJam [rit.edu]", from Al Biles at RIT.

    It really sounds like something similar. Al Biles' software incorporates a genetic algorithm along with training from a human ear to choose "what sounds good".

    It looks like the difference is that this generates full chord structures, instead of individual notes, and is designed to work with voices, which aren't as well trained.

    Al's project has been at work for quite some time now, but he wrote a couple of chapters for "Evolutionary Mus [springer.com]
  • Advantage:

    Drummer doesn't show up late and completely hammered.

    Disadvantage:

    Drummer is always on time and always perky.

    Advantage:

    The keyboard player isn't a dick.

    Disadvantage:

    The keyboard player doesn't voice chords in weird ways to give the music a sense of "motion".

    Advantage:

    You don't have to haul a Hammond B3 or Mellotron around with you.

    Disdvantage:

    Ummm. None on that one. Hammonds are a pain and Mellotrons are touchy cranky dinosaurs that are impossible to tune.

    Advantage:

    The gu

  • Hey, thanks for listening. We'll be back right after I reboot the band...

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