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Social Networks

Is Social Media Really Harmful? (newyorker.com) 202

Social media has made us "uniquely stupid," believes Jonathan Haidt, a social psychologist at the New York University's School of Business. Writing in the Atlantic in April, Haidt argued that large social media platforms "unwittingly dissolved the mortar of trust, belief in institutions, and shared stories that had held a large and diverse secular democracy together."

But is that true? "We're years into this, and we're still having an uninformed conversation about social media," notes Dartmouth political scientist Brendan Nyhan (quoted this month in a new article in the New Yorker).

The article describes how Haidt tried to confirm his theories in November with Chris Bail, a sociologist at Duke and author of the book "Breaking the Social Media Prism." The two compiled a Google Doc collecting every scholarly study of social media — but many of the studies seemed to contradict each other: When I told Bail that the upshot seemed to me to be that exactly nothing was unambiguously clear, he suggested that there was at least some firm ground. He sounded a bit less apocalyptic than Haidt.

"A lot of the stories out there are just wrong," he told me. "The political echo chamber has been massively overstated. Maybe it's three to five per cent of people who are properly in an echo chamber." Echo chambers, as hotboxes of confirmation bias, are counterproductive for democracy. But research indicates that most of us are actually exposed to a wider range of views on social media than we are in real life, where our social networks — in the original use of the term — are rarely heterogeneous. (Haidt told me that this was an issue on which the Google Doc changed his mind; he became convinced that echo chambers probably aren't as widespread a problem as he'd once imagined....)

[A]t least so far, very few Americans seem to suffer from consistent exposure to fake news — "probably less than two per cent of Twitter users, maybe fewer now, and for those who were it didn't change their opinions," Bail said. This was probably because the people likeliest to consume such spectacles were the sort of people primed to believe them in the first place. "In fact," he said, "echo chambers might have done something to quarantine that misinformation."

The final story that Bail wanted to discuss was the "proverbial rabbit hole, the path to algorithmic radicalization," by which YouTube might serve a viewer increasingly extreme videos. There is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that this does happen, at least on occasion, and such anecdotes are alarming to hear. But a new working paper led by Brendan Nyhan, a political scientist at Dartmouth, found that almost all extremist content is either consumed by subscribers to the relevant channels — a sign of actual demand rather than manipulation or preference falsification — or encountered via links from external sites. It's easy to see why we might prefer if this were not the case: algorithmic radicalization is presumably a simpler problem to solve than the fact that there are people who deliberately seek out vile content. "These are the three stories — echo chambers, foreign influence campaigns, and radicalizing recommendation algorithms — but, when you look at the literature, they've all been overstated." He thought that these findings were crucial for us to assimilate, if only to help us understand that our problems may lie beyond technocratic tinkering. He explained, "Part of my interest in getting this research out there is to demonstrate that everybody is waiting for an Elon Musk to ride in and save us with an algorithm" — or, presumably, the reverse — "and it's just not going to happen."

Nyhan also tells the New Yorker that "The most credible research is way out of line with the takes," adding, for example, that while studies may find polarization on social media, "That might just be the society we live in reflected on social media!" He hastened to add, "Not that this is untroubling, and none of this is to let these companies, which are exercising a lot of power with very little scrutiny, off the hook. But a lot of the criticisms of them are very poorly founded. . . . The lack of good data is a huge problem insofar as it lets people project their own fears into this area." He told me, "It's hard to weigh in on the side of 'We don't know, the evidence is weak,' because those points are always going to be drowned out in our discourse. But these arguments are systematically underprovided in the public domain...."

Nyhan argued that, at least in wealthy Western countries, we might be too heavily discounting the degree to which platforms have responded to criticism... He added, "There's some evidence that, with reverse-chronological feeds" — streams of unwashed content, which some critics argue are less manipulative than algorithmic curation — "people get exposed to more low-quality content, so it's another case where a very simple notion of 'algorithms are bad' doesn't stand up to scrutiny. It doesn't mean they're good, it's just that we don't know."

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Is Social Media Really Harmful?

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  • by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @06:40AM (#62633222)

    Is Social Media Really Harmful?

    That depends on whenever you just use it to keep in touch with friends/relative and join harmless groups discussing your hobbies or whether you uncritically believe every piece of shit conspiracy theory that pops up in your feed.

    • by DrMrLordX ( 559371 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @06:44AM (#62633234)

      Even among friends and colleagues, it can be harmful. When everyone posts "the perfect life" on their Facebook account, it's easy to become depressed about your own life. Using social media has been linked to depression and anxiety.

      • Even among friends and colleagues, it can be harmful. When everyone posts "the perfect life" on their Facebook account, it's easy to become depressed about your own life. Using social media has been linked to depression and anxiety.

        That's where critical though comes in.

      • by Z00L00K ( 682162 )

        Even worse - the social media sites like Facebook sells out your private life.

      • Using social media has been linked to depression and anxiety.

        So have drugs, books, TV, movies, sports, religion, video games, sex, and pretty much everything else.

      • Jonathan Haidt has in interviews and talks mentioned correlations between self harm, loneliness etc among adolescents and social media use (but not other forms of screen time like computer games). I don't see a category for those effects in this summary (but haven't read it all).

        Another thing to notice is that this is seems to be a comprehensive summary of anything related and not just social media use. Some studies in the no-results for anger and affective polarization focused on general "internet use" and

      • Social media doesnt not make people stupid, it makes stupid people more obvious.

      • by shanen ( 462549 )

        Even among friends and colleagues, it can be harmful. When everyone posts [their lies about] "the perfect life" on their Facebook account, it's easy to become depressed about your own life. Using social media has been linked to depression and anxiety.

        FTFY

        (But my comments on "scale of competition", too.)

    • I only smoke in social situations. I'm not addicted.

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      Indeed. To some people any self-directed media consumption is harmful. These are the people unable or unwilling to fact-check. They seem to be the majority though. To others, basically nothing is harmful, because thy are actual adults (or can act on that level if they are not yet formally adult).

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward

      My elderly parents use social media to spread brain worms. Instead of talking about their grandchildren and grandnieces/nephews like normal old people they talk about how Nancy Pelosi wants to turn America socialist and how Biden stole the election by counting votes from illegals.

      I hope there is a special place in Hell for Rupert Murdoch, Roger Stone, and even Mark Zuckerberg.

      • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

        by Moryath ( 553296 )
        Conservatism has been a cult, always. Sadly it is a cult that appeals to the worst in people and entraps people like your parents who... already had fascist and neonazi leanings, sad to say.
        • Conservatism has been a cult, always.

          And the same can be said for liberalism, especially when it expresses itself via ad hominem arguments against total strangers who simply don't agree with your political stance.
    • I believe social media is not inherently harmful or good per se. I'm not talking about the content, but the characteristics of the media itself. The internet has become roughly analogous to the Gutenberg Press, which had a spectacular influence on democracy, capitalism, religion, and just about everything else. Some of the internet's biggest publishers are found in social media.

      Staring at a computer screen, or a smartphone, or a book rather than interacting with a group of people has the effect of severi
    • Sure. Until your 'friends' you discuss scrapbooking, or gardening, or whatever, start talking about that thing they 'heard/read' in the '(Fox) news' that gets you all riled up, because Becky326 has always been a good (online) 'friend' and has never said anything untrue before.
      Yes, I'm talking about a lack of critical thinking skills, low IQ, and no thought to fact-checking anything they've been told.
    • by shanen ( 462549 )

      So "Yes".

      People tend to believe what they want to believe. If you throw enough shite at the walls of the Internet, some of it is going to stick to some of the fools. And we are all fools, when you get right down to it. Greater or lesser fools makes little difference.

      So I missed Funny again, but some of my recent thoughts on the topic are at https://wt.social/post/good-bo... [wt.social] (in relation to The Body Keeps the Score by Bessel van der Kolk ). I'm pretty sure I'll get more evidence from We Are Anonymous by

  • by TheNameOfNick ( 7286618 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @06:48AM (#62633244)

    Results are inconclusive. Watch "Thank You for Smoking" and see if you can spot the pattern.

    • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

      by Anonymous Coward

      It's not really addictive, it's just a little addictive.

  • Absolutely (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Artem S. Tashkinov ( 764309 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @06:52AM (#62633256) Homepage

    1) Most people cannot distinguish between something valid/factual/proven and something which is liked a lot which means they are easily manipulated.

    2) Before Instagram/FB/etc your life was exposed only to your group of people, nowadays it can be the entire world: it messes with your understanding of who you are, how valuable you are and what you deserve (this is especially valid for young women).

    3) Social networks hugely misrepresent what life really is: social "stars" only show the best facets of their lives, how they achieve anything they want, how they know what they want, how perfect they look, etc. Their followers never question that, most never quite achieve the same, have a ton of issues and as a result become miserable because success doesn't come to everyone, especially in terms of becoming very popular and rich.

    4) Before social networks people were taught to be good and kind to each other, nowadays it's kinda lost.

    • Re:Absolutely (Score:4, Insightful)

      by splutty ( 43475 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @08:28AM (#62633370)

      Social networks hugely misrepresent what life really is.

      Bingo. "In the old days" you had one nutcase in your group that you could easily ignore. Now with social media, those nutcases are the loudest and most prolific voices out there, even though they're still only, relatively speaking, that one person you used to ignore.

      Ignoring them now is fairly impossible, however, and it gives an extremely skewed picture of what 'people care about'.

  • "The political echo chamber has been massively overstated. Maybe it's three to five per cent of people who are properly in an echo chamber."

    Five percent is enough to influence an election result. It's great they quantified it, now I have data to tell my 5% friends who are visibly too much into social media, that coincidently 5% of people live in a social media echo chamber.

  • Most people use social media to keep friends informed about their hobbies, life, vacations, etc.

    Other have taken social media and became bullies.

    The ones in-between are made fun of using social media, because of the bullies.(and some of these bullies are tech dweebs about how your exploited by having your data harvested)
  • by Opportunist ( 166417 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @07:01AM (#62633268)

    If you're a state actor trying to influence the dimwits of another country, they're the cheapest and best weapon you could ever hope for.

  • by aRTeeNLCH ( 6256058 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @07:10AM (#62633278)
    Yes. And congratulations, this headline beats Betteridge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
  • Yeah... social media isn't that harmful... lol
  • by petes_PoV ( 912422 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @07:23AM (#62633296)
    (as has been said by many others) it just makes the stupid people more apparent.

    Before, they were confined to their own locality. With an audience of only those unfortunates who got cornered by them. Now they proclaim their ignorance for all to see and hear. There aren't more of them, they are just louder.

  • by dfm3 ( 830843 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @07:31AM (#62633312) Journal
    I'd say that 3-5% figure is about right, at least based on my experience. It's slightly more among my family members because I come from a white, southern, evangelical background, but even then I'd say that more than 90% of my extended family have no interest in social media or political flame wars. The remaining 5% though... good grief. They obsessively live and breathe partisan politics, to the point that it almost entirely consumes them. They're the ones who constantly throw around words like "battle", "fight", or "radical" when discussing any political discourse, take extreme positions with no room for nuance, get a literal high from dopamine when they think they've "owned" the other side, and are always angry, angry, angry.

    And they're always chasing that high on social media, looking to share the next outrage or post the next one-liner copypasta zinger. they're the ones making dozens of social media posts per day, while the rest of us are too busy just... living our lives. So most of my family or friends who use social media may post a couple times a day/week, and never about politics, but are drowned out by the sheer volume of posts from that 5%. And most of the rest of us actively avoid engaging in political conversations online, because we're just not passionate enough about it to take the time or because we don't want to get dragged down into a shouting match with someone who we know is so entrenched in their position that no rational argument is going to change their mind but will only further enrage them.
  • by nospam007 ( 722110 ) * on Sunday June 19, 2022 @07:33AM (#62633318)

    It's just the 3.5 billion with an IQ of under 100.

    They now have bread enough, so it's just circuses and Kardashians shaving their backs twice a day.

  • by smed ( 252644 )
    Yes, it is.
  • You're suggesting that both Trump's "fake news" mantra AND the left's assertion that social media is basically a breeding ground for white supremacists...are both politically-motivated overstatement/hysteria?

    Huh.

  • by Murdoch5 ( 1563847 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @09:31AM (#62633446) Homepage
    You can ask the same question about any social group, be that a collection of people into Islam, Christianity, Drywall, Fast-food or X. The real question is if radicalization is dangerous, and how best to prevent radicalization ideal from penetrating a group. Take a look at the groups you'll see on Facebook, they range from knitting, gardening, through to dangerous misandry, misogyny, and even terrorist groups like BLM, and ISIS. That means the question isn't "Is Social Media Dangerous", it's "Is Radicalization through Social Medial Alignment Dangerous".

    Think of a news group on Facebook, Upworthy, for example, and consider the topics posted and expressed on that group, which ranged from "Here's how not to feel sad", through to "Toxic Masculinity, and why don't men understand NO means NO". Read the comments on those posts and you'll noticed that the vast majority are informed nonsense, that spouts off the media and popular beliefs, but rarely the research backed evidence. If we want to answer "Is Social Medial Dangerous", then change the focus and try to answer "Is Uninformed Opinion, Discarding Research Dangerous", and that answer is YES! This changes the focus from "Social Media" over to "Society and Popular Opinion".

    Social Media as a concept is not dangerous, what's dangerous are the opinion nonsense beliefs that lead to the end conclusion of radicalization inside group collectives. We don't need "Social Media" for ISIS or BLM to form, and we don't need "Social Media", to have dangerous feelings and emotions which force hate upon men, and play off the trope "women are weak and victims", that comes from misinformation and incompetence. When society refuses to impose the research backed evidence, then you get large portions of society that don't understand X from Y, and that leads to the dangerous most attributed to "Social Media".

    Why do my 12 and 10 year old daughters believe a "wage gap" exists, solely on the basis of gender? - Society.
    Why do people believe men have privilege and special status? - Society
    Why do stupid modern ideals of feminism flourish? - Society!

    You don't need "Social Media" to cause misinformation, because everyone is already misinformed. If we stop accepting incompetence as the gold standard, and start using the research backed evidence, almost all the problem attributed to "Social Media" stop and disappear. Society has failed, and their for the platform used for societal expression fail, but you can't blame a system which is propped up from those whose refuse to accept reality.
  • Jan 6 (Score:2, Flamebait)

    That's my answer to many arguments about social media now.

    Q: Is social media really harmful?
    A: Jan 6. Is a coup considered a serious enough matter?

    Q: Has social media made us stupid?
    A: Jan 6. How many of those who participated have been nominated for a Nobel Prize do you think?

    Q: Should Mark Zuckerberg be indicted for treason?
    A: Jan 6. Duh...

    Q: Should social media be heavily regulated?
    A: Jan 6.

    Etc etc. It's an instant argument winner.

  • by MindPrison ( 864299 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @10:02AM (#62633506) Journal

    I'm an old dog, I've been riding the youtube wave since the beginning.

    Let me explain to you how I came to this conclusion, you better grab a beverage or something good because it's going to be a long explanation on how we ended up here:

    In the beginning of youtube it basically was an upload video service that was largely uncensored and unmonitored, anyone with a video clip, a computer and a pulse could upload just about anything, it was a relatively small platform then in comparison to today.

    Videos were often of poor quality basically because of 3 factors, poor video equipment, no stabilization, and the human factor. People uploaded just about anything because they could, and they had no clue about content creation. You'd get everything from silly family video clips, poorly made vblogs, videos with terrible picture and audio quality and just kids yelling into the camera running around with it in their pockets with the video still on and still uploading it anyway, it was pure video anarchy.

    Then people started to use youtube as a sort of "cloud" service for all their content, copyrighted material was abundant and it wasn't uncommon to find complete movies on youtube, and at some point youtube got into trouble with the motion picture companies, music companies and even the law because you could easily find lewd content and illegal material on there as well.

    Youtube's popularity rose like they never anticipated in their wildest dreams, and it became really difficult to monitor it because we're a big population and people uploaded so much material it was just impossible at the time to monitor and censor illegal content. So youtube hired a massive amount of moderators to sift through the thousands if not millions of uploads per week, eventually it became so bad that they had to remove the function to see the latest uploads (yes it's still there, but it's delayed and heavily monitored before you can see the ones coming through, but that's today - it wasn't like that before).

    Content creators became aware that they had to make quality videos in order to stand out from the crowd, and youtube liked this because it increased the quality of their platform so they tried to actively promote those who presented their audience with high quality video and audio - and quality content. In the beginning this was mostly based on just that - the production quality of the video.

    But then another issue appeared - the quality of the actual content. Small radical groups with very radical world views were also aware of their audience and also could afford higher quality equipment, and this gave a playground for extremists and radicals to present their relatively small causes to a wide audience, and youtube no longer wanted to be the free platform for everyone they originally set out to be - so they started to censor these in order to reach a wider family friendly audience.

    Then the line between what could be called "family friendly" entertainment and radical extremist propaganda became a lot thinner and youtube had to do something about it, especially since the onslaught of criticism from various governments threatened with regulations and new laws and hefty fines if youtube didn't do something about it, and the problem with copyrighted materials available on youtube increased as well and youtube developed algorithms to quickly identify well known music and videos and would remove these rather fast.

    But people are thrifty and found ways to fool the algorithms that were in the birth stage at that time, and youtube once again were faced with the onslaught of re-uploads of copyrighted materials on and on again. And youtube started using advertisement in order to finance the increased need for disk space for their servers which now were MASSIVELY underpowered because of the sheer upload of endless amounts of videos - mostly with copyrighted material.

    And now censorship began. The minority extremists were also displeased with the censorship and was also trying actively to circumvent the

  • So I would have to say unequivocally yes social media is harmful.
  • Social media in and of itself is just a communication network. Some of the networks focus on short blurbs (Twitter) that live little space for nuance. Some are built to dive deep into nuance (classic forums). Others *can* facilitate nuance, but the society that grows out of them tend to treat it as a blurb maker (Reddit). Others focus on the spreading of non-text media (Instagram, Youtube, TikTok, etc.).

    There's nothing innately bad or dangerous about that. What matters is WHO is on those networks, if they h

  • particularly psychology: framing. Which group of people matter, typical people or outliers?

    The answer is both. Suggesting that social media is radicalizing *everyone* smacks of moral panic. But if "three to five percent" of social media users were regularly subject to a radicalizing information bubble, that would be a big concern.

    Also framing the problem as "changing opinions" doesn't necessarily capture the concern. Arguably the problem is fostering a perception of normalization -- which is not always a

  • For the socal socialist media industry. Yeah there are stupid people out there, but we don't need irresponsible social media companies giving those people a megaphone. Facebook has been find time and time again to promote and incite fake news. Twitter has a bot problem. There are many other examples of bad behavior. And that behavior isn't fixed as long as it makes the company money

  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • Plain and simple. It claims to 'bring people together', but in reality all it does is give them a reason to stay apart, and among other things peoples' social skills deteriorate -- or perhaps they never develop them in the first place. Furthermore when you haven't, and never will meet your online 'friends', they could be anyone, including paid influencers pushing some agenda that isn't to your -- or your Countrys' -- benefit. It's become the backdoor into our various societies for extremists and criminals to do their business or radicalize people who are susceptible to being radicalized or victimized. It has no conscience, and 'moderation' of content is almost impossible, so the cancerousness of it just runs rampant. We'd be better off, as a civilization, with it gone. Then people would have to go back to actually relating to people local to them, in person.
  • by groobly ( 6155920 ) on Sunday June 19, 2022 @12:30PM (#62633836)

    In a recent longitudinal study that followed subjects for 200 years, it was found that everything the subjects either did or avoided, nevertheless turned out to be fatal.

  • > Maybe it's three to five per cent of people who are properly in an echo chamber.

    It takes less than that to storm a Capitol. Or do another school shooting.

    The problem is not with everyday people. It's the cazy ones at the fringes who now get their crazy views confirmed and reinforced.

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