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Transportation Government Power

Bidirectional Charging May Be Required On EVs Soon Due To New California Law (electrek.co) 291

California Governor Gavin Newsom signed a law giving the California Energy Commission the authority to require bidirectional charging in electric vehicles (EVs) in the future -- although no timeline is set. Bidirectional charging allows EVs to not only charge from the grid but also supply electricity back to the grid, potentially enhancing grid resiliency, supporting renewable energy, and reducing peak electricity demand. Electrek reports: The idea started in 2023 when state Senator Nancy Skinner introduced a bill which would require EVs to have bidirectional charging by 2027. As this bill made its way through the legislative process, it got watered down from that ambitious timeline. So the current form of the bill, which is now called SB 59, took away that timeline and instead gave the California Energy Commission (CEC) the go-ahead to issue a requirement whenever they see it fit. The bill directs the CEC, the California Air Resources Board, and the California Public Utilities Commission to examine the use cases of bidirectional charging and give them the power to require specific weight classes of EVs to be bidirectional-capable if a compelling use case exists.

The state already estimates that integrating EVs into the grid could save $1 billion in costs annually, so there's definitely a use case there, but the question is the cost and immediacy of building those vehicles into the grid. The reason this can't be done immediately is that cars take time to design, and while adding bidirectional charging to an EV isn't the most difficult process, it also only really becomes useful with a whole ecosystem of services around the vehicle.

And that ecosystem has been a bit of a hard sell so far. It's all well and good to tell someone they can make $500/year by selling energy to the grid, but then you have to convince them to buy a more expensive charging unit and keep their car plugged in all the time, with someone else managing its energy storage. Some consumers might push back against that, so part of CEC's job is to wait to pull the trigger until it becomes apparent that people are actually interested in the end-user use case for V2G -- otherwise, no sense in requiring a feature that nobody is going to use.

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Bidirectional Charging May Be Required On EVs Soon Due To New California Law

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  • Fantastic (Score:3, Informative)

    by kevin lyda ( 4803 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @02:15AM (#64833001) Homepage

    EV batteries are proving to outlast cars; this is an excellent additional use for them.

    • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

      Good lord, how many crashes are you in that don't damage the battery to get there?

      Or are you using cars that rust through in less than ten years or something?

      • Re:Fantastic (Score:5, Informative)

        by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @03:32AM (#64833081)

        Good lord, how many crashes are you in that don't damage the battery to get there?

        Or are you using cars that rust through in less than ten years or something?

        Electic cars use far smaller quantities of steel than ICE vehicles and it's the same kind of steel as ICE vehicles are made of so it will rust at the same rate in both types of motor vehicle. Data suggest that EV batteries could last 20 years or more at their current average degradation rate, so, quite a lot more than the 'less than ten years' you are insinuating. Meanwhile, the average lifespan of an ICE engine motor vehicle is 12-15 years which is roughly the the same as the realistic service life of an EV.

        • well, uh, by what magic is the amount of steel used less? I mean EV's seem to usually weigh more than a comparable ICE or at the very least THE SAME, so in what Magic Fairytale Unicorn World do you suddenly need less steel to provide the structure to both support this tonnage and to provide a similar amount of safety?
          • The extra weight of an EV is the weight of be batteries. The extra steel, or other metal in an ICE is all, or mostly in the engine. To quote Professor Harold Hill, "Now think boys, THINK!"
        • What is the definition of "failed" when it comes to an EV? If i go on a long trip twice a year and it is workable at first but then the battery loses 10% range and the trip is no longer workable then to me that battery is failing.
    • EV batteries are proving to outlast cars;

      [citation needed].

      I question if that is true. I have cars 20-30 years old that still run good, lithiums don't last that long on paper. This site explains some of chemistry and characteristics related to lifespan. http://web.archive.org/web/201... [archive.org]

      Lithiums have a limited lifespan based on # of cycles, with it decreased by many factors including temperature (too hot or too low), depth of discharge, charging rate, and end voltage. The batteries are also only useful until they can only produce 80% of origina

      • Re:Fantastic (Score:5, Informative)

        by Smidge204 ( 605297 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @04:02AM (#64833127) Journal

        > I have cars 20-30 years old that still run good

        Generally speaking, how long a car lasts is determined by miles driven rather than age. For a light passenger vehicle the lifespan is typically 150K-200K miles.

        So if we use that metric EV batteries are already there. 200K miles divided by a modest 250 miles per charge cycle is only 800 cycles, and since NCM cells used in most vehicles on the road today are good for over 1000 that easily puts them above the typical lifespan of the vehicle. LFP cells in newer vehicles should last at least 3x as long (which is flirting with the "million mile battery"), and if you believe the press releases EVs with solid state batteries will be hitting the market next year that are even more durable.

        > This site explains some of chemistry and characteristics related to lifespan

        The fact you had to use the Wayback Machine to pull an article from six years ago should give you pause for thought.
        =Smidge=

        • well, I am confused, you see, since the 80's I have driven the hell out of my cars and the LEAST i have ever gotten out of them was 250 miles (and, these were a 1984 Z28 Camaro, a 1996 Mustang, and a 2003 Jeep, so American made, my current 2011 Altima is at 180K miles and will easily last to 300 unless I get bored with it)... Do most Americans drive their cars harder than I? I have been up to and over 120 MPH in everything but the Altima.. Yes, I used to drive very badly, I am trying to be better now... .
      • Here in Asia we have EV cars that have been running around for 10 years.
        Batteries are down to 20~30%, even with all that smart battery management.
        So in practice, EV's don't last for 20-30 years, especially if you are planning to fill and drain them every day.

        • I have a 9 year old EV - a 2015 Renault Zoe. Runs great. Original battery. Same range as when it was new.

        • Here in Asia we have EV cars that have been running around for 10 years.
          Batteries are down to 20~30%, even with all that smart battery management.
          So in practice, EV's don't last for 20-30 years, especially if you are planning to fill and drain them every day.

          That's quite interesting. There is a definite reason for the price difference between European and Asian EVs. Lots of stuff over here tends to be quite over-engineered. 20% after 10 years sounds too low. 95% like many European EVs seems too high. I guess that in 10 years time we'll have worked out how to get batteries which end up around 80-90% at 10 years for median usage which seems much more reasonable.

    • Re:Fantastic (Score:4, Interesting)

      by kevin lyda ( 4803 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @05:51AM (#64833251) Homepage

      I was curious when I made this comment to see how many negative comments it would attract. It is interesting how any story or comment that is positive about EVs will attract negative responses. Primarily by people who clearly don't know what they're talking about,

      Kinda hoped /. would be better, but sadly it doesn't seem to be.

      • I think your story is quite neutral and it has some bad implications, for example an increase in EV cost that might put people off buying one. That might not be a problem if, for example the power companies were happy to finance those extra up front costs in return for people promising to plug in for a certain number of hours a week. It means, though, that taking this as a positive requires more than 5 seconds of thinking.

        Which means the first people to answer are always going to be the kneejerk "government

  • Pay me for it. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by devslash0 ( 4203435 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @02:15AM (#64833003)

    If anyone wants to use my batteries to supply the grid, they should be paying me for it. After all, it's my equipment. I paid for it and I need to maintain it. Increased charging and discharging cycles will wear the battery down quicker than it otherwise would and you should compensate me for it accordingly. What is it that if I'm using the grid I'm required to pay standing charges but when you want to use my "grid", you intend to pay me nothing?

    • by Zarhan ( 415465 )

      Isn't that basically how it works, at least if you are getting charged by the spot rate. In my country, price of electricity changes every hour. Fill your batter on the cheap, and sell back to grid at profit.

      • No longer the spot rate in California, as power companies have been successfully lobbying the state to severely cut back on rates for purchasing power from consumers (whether it's solar or battery). Current rate is garbage and significantly lengthens the ROI for consumers
        • Re:Pay me for it. (Score:5, Informative)

          by Smidge204 ( 605297 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @03:41AM (#64833097) Journal

          That's not entirely true.

          The rates for solar are different, because with so many people (and grid scale providers) having solar, all that power is available when it's least needed. So yes, the net billing tariff for pure solar is lower because the power straight from the solar panels is simply worth less due to oversupply.

          However, the net billing tariff is HIGHER for power provided later in the evening, when solar tapers off and demand increases. This incentivizes battery storage and REDUCES the ROI on systems that incorporate it.

          And that's the whole point; they want people to roll out battery storage so renewable energy is better utilized. Seems like allowing their electric vehicles to fill that niche is a smart way to do it...
          =Smidge=

          • However, the net billing tariff is HIGHER for power provided later in the evening, when solar tapers off and demand increases. This incentivizes battery storage and REDUCES the ROI on systems that incorporate it.

            No, that is false. The latest NEM feed-in credits are based on a mythical "avoided cost": the cost of electricity at the output of an investor-owned utility, ignoring all the infrastructure required to deliver that electricity to a consumer. There is no time when the feed-in rates are higher than they were previously.

      • In my country, electricity price is flat. Well, OK, tiered, based on monthly consumption, but for each tier the price is flat no matter the time of day.
        Also, as a prosumer, you sell electricity back to the grid at exactly the same price you buy it, therefore the net gain/loss is zero.

        • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

          That merely means that someone else is taking on the cost of volatility and and getting paid premium for taking on said volatility.

      • Fill your batter on the cheap, and sell back to grid at profit.

        You'd probably never make enough profit to offset the additional wear on the battery. If you really want to sell power back to the grid, a PV system would offer a much better ROI, with the added benefit that you wouldn't ever have to worry about getting in your car and discovering that some of your range has been unexpectedly sucked up.

        TBH, bidirectional charging isn't even a feature I'd care much about for my own use. As the topic has come up since it's hurricane season on the east coast, I've joked with

        • by Zarhan ( 415465 )

          You'd probably never make enough profit to offset the additional wear on the battery. If you really want to sell power back to the grid, a PV system would offer a much better ROI, with the added benefit that you wouldn't ever have to worry about getting in your car and discovering that some of your range has been unexpectedly sucked up.

          You can set the maximum discharge for V2G/V2H in the car settings ("e.g. do not discharge below 60%").

          As for actually reaping the costs, if you can spend the electricity at h

          • that does not appear to be what they are mandating, they are talking (apparently) about the utility being the one to determine when/how they use your battery for free so that they then do not have to purchase their own storage solutions. We have a thing in my state where the utility company wouldn't allow your water heater to get past a certain amount of 'hot' and will shut off your water heater remotely when they presume you are away at work, to save electricity.
            • by Zarhan ( 415465 )

              How is that ever enforced? I mean, if I have a resistive load (water heater) and turn it on when it's not "allowed", and someone contacts you and tells you you are breaking rules, can't you just say you are running a space heater or AC or $heavy_resistive_load?

              What happens if you plug your EV to an adjacent socket instead of the one designated for V2G if you do not wish to participate? Or just configure your car not to give anything back?

              Also the hardware costs are comparable to getting a PV installation. Y

              • the power to your water heater goes through a sealed box that is installed at the time your water heater is installed. the plumbers are licensed and must obey the law and install it that way, if it is electric. It freaked me out when I bought the first house i bought in this state. Now I am 'used to it' but I don't like it.
        • by N1AK ( 864906 )
          I'm not against them mandating it if the cost of it being present is nominal. After all given the amount of energy storage it makes sense for all cars to have the capability. My hope, possibly naive, is that owners can then be incentivised to use that functionality by paying them a sufficient premium; the cost of having infrastructure in place to balance load is huge so even generous rates of compensation would save a lot of money.
      • Only for generation, such as in-home solar, and they've kneecapped the rates to make selling back to the grid not that feasible anymore, at least in my state.

        But that's not this. The battery is storage. This in essence means using your car to store excess energy, then using your car to draw excess energy back to the grid. There's no rate for that.

    • Re: Pay me for it. (Score:5, Informative)

      by wgoodman ( 1109297 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @02:27AM (#64833011)

      They do. When they need to pull power off of home batteries you get paid ~4-5x the peak rate that you would pay to run off the grid during peak hours (~$0.67/kwh for me), which is much better than the usual ~$0.05/kwh generation I get with NEM2.0

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        It's a useful feature to have even if you don't feed energy back into the grid too. You can run all sorts of equipment off your car's battery, from camping/picnic gear to power tools to your fridge during a power outage.

    • This is just another fee for the privilege of living in California. PAY UP!

    • Literally everyone will pay you for this. That is how it works.

    • Not to mention the cost; you'll charge your vehicle at the retail rate and (if you're lucky) be paid the wholesale rate. Then there's the "I have to wait for the car to charge to take an important work trip tomorrow. Oh wait, it's been drained by the electric company so I can't leave." Eventually there will be no gasoline cars. i know this. But I'll say no on these things, whose ease of use and utility seem to be for others, not me, as long as I can.
  • Peak electrical demand is usually during the hottest part of the day when there's the biggest need for air conditioning, which also happens to be when most people are at work. So, who are all these people that just leave their EVs plugged in at home all day and never go anywhere?

    • They are at work and their car is plugged there so it can work the same way...

      • gee, I didn't know that all workplaces had charging for all the ev's of their employees, they must be invisible at my workplace because I have never seen them, nor have I seen them at any of the vendors places that I get to around my state...
    • That's also peak solar output as well.

      Google "California duck curve"

      5pm - 9pm is the peak

      Midday there is excessive generation, risking grid instability.

    • Peak electrical demand is usually during the hottest part of the day when there's the biggest need for air conditioning, which also happens to be when most people are at work. So, who are all these people that just leave their EVs plugged in at home all day and never go anywhere?

      The people who drove to work and left the EV plugged in to recharge? Presumably the charging spots will also have an average occupancy rate, even over the hottest time of the day which would make that fleet of charging cars useful for grid storage? Personally I'm not completely sold on this idea but I suppose it could work.

    • I just looked out the window, it's peak time now. There are a *LOT* of cars in driveways. Why isn't every single person somewhere else? How could it be that some people are still home! I guess we'll never know. We won't know about shift workers, we won't know about multiple family cars. We won't know about days off, we certainly don't know about work from home. And there's absolutely no chance that any EV owner would have have the ability to plug their car in at work. Oh except for me, I'm special. But we'l

    • That's not generally true. There's still a good number of people who work outside of their homes and the air conditioning doesn't come on full force until later in the evening when they get home. Time of use metering might shift some of this demand such that people set the air conditioning to kick on during peak solar. But that's not the current usage pattern.

      All of these things are good measures. Of course, the biggest gains are in efficiency. But improving insulation and appliances takes up-front c

  • by rally2xs ( 1093023 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @03:24AM (#64833069)

    If the car is rigged to allow feedback to the grid, then it should also be able to act in place of an emergency generator. Generators to power the whole house are usually 4 cylinder driven and mounted on a concrete pad, coming in at about $10K or so. Having your EV do that as a bonus to owning it could elevate your living situation more toward "upper middle class" since few people actually buy such generators due to this expense. Having the house set up to accept such power could also allow the delivery of charged batteries such as Tesla Powerwalls to rent so you can drive your EV to work and have the refrigerator powered while your car sits in the company parking lot, probably on a company charger. The Ford Lightning is known to power a house for 3 days under full normal loads including heating and air conditioning, so while the solution for 2 weeks of "grid down" might not be an EV, overnight is. Long outages are rare, so there's a silver lining to bidirectional charging.

    • Generators to power the whole house are usually 4 cylinder driven and mounted on a concrete pad, coming in at about $10K or so.

      Whole-house generators are a luxury because you really don't need something that big just to run the essentials (fridge, lights, phone chargers, etc.).

      While it's possible to install an inverter in the EV I own (a Chevy Bolt), I'd rather run my portable generator and still have my car to use as a car rather than tethered to my house in the event of an outage. Yeah, I'll probably get some silly looks driving it to the gas station to get fuel for the generator, but such is life.

      Certainly, for people where the

      • I got one of those inverter kits because I needed to use my generator so infrequently that every time it would've been useful it was busted.

        The inverter's less convenient but also less likely to Just Not Work.

    • you people with your presumed 'company charger' have you never actually left your own little home? I mean, I travel all over my state, the country and until recently, the world and I have yet to see a company with chargers in employee parking lots... it must be an LA thing, People in LA are always spouting off about something that they do/have that they then presume everyone else does/has.
  • Does this mean that you could think you've left your car to charge, only to get to it and the battery is all but flat instead? That doesn't sound like a very good selling point.

    • No, it doesn't mean that, and I'm sure you already knew the answer. Any of these reverse-charging arrangements would only use some fraction of the battery capacity.
  • They'll vote themselves the charge in your car to their grid too. You will own nothing, and be happy.
  • by DrXym ( 126579 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @05:01AM (#64833189)

    An EV stores enough energy that it could power a small house or split the load with the house, or cycle between charge / discharge based on usage. It doesn't mean someone is compelled to use it that way though I bet many people would if the feature were there to do it. It would be especially useful if there were an issue with the grid, power cuts or a natural disaster. Maybe they'd plug the car in and charge from solar in the day and discharge at night. Some batteries like LFP have very good charge / discharge cycles so it probably wouldn't have any significant impact on the battery if it were used that way.

  • Capable is fine as long as I can turn that sh*t off in a setting onboard.

  • Aren't electric cars still in need of the power themselves? Such a functionality would imply abundance of power when increasing battery storage is still one of the top problems as far as I know.

    • Re:I'm confused (Score:5, Informative)

      by Smidge204 ( 605297 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @06:02AM (#64833271) Journal

      Not sure what the confusion is.

      If my car has a 64kwh battery, and my personal habit is to not go below 30% unless I have to, then on any given night I can easily sell 10-15kwh to the grid in the early evening during peak demand and recover that and more between 11PM and 6AM (my current recharge window) no problem. I probably wouldn't even notice until I got my utility bill and saw the line item for how many kwh I sold back to the grid.

      If the setup also lets me power the house from the car that's also a huge win. My block is typically the last to get power restored after a major storm so I'd have no problems going to work as normal and charging there, or stopping somewhere for 15-20 minutes, and bringing home some extra electrons. Can't possibly be worse than waiting an hour in line for gasoline to keep a generator running.
      =Smidge=

      • Except if there is a personal emergency or natural emergency, then you have no idea what you will need.
        • What's it like, living in constant fear as you do?

          If a "personal or natural emergency" crops up, I'll find a way to deal with it. I can not imagine anything both so urgent AND unexpected that it would require me to drive 200+ miles without 30 minutes to spare. If such an insane situation arises I doubt having an ICEV vs an EV would make any meaningful difference.
          =Smidge=

  • by Gavino ( 560149 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @08:06AM (#64833553)
    Because you don't even own the watts in your EV anymore. Stealth serfdom. "I own nothing, have no privacy, and life has never been better", which is the gaslighting of the World Economic Forum, foreshadowing the economic serf of the mid 21st century - which will probably be all of us. It'll be a brave new world, eh.
  • by eth1 ( 94901 ) on Wednesday October 02, 2024 @09:59AM (#64833911)

    If this kind of system is set up properly, it would be awesome, but there are a few features it must have:
    - I have to be able to turn it off, or set a limit below which they can't take power out of the battery
    - I have to be able to set my own price WITHOUT limits, based on charge level (like between 90-100%, I'll sell for $0.50/kWh, between 40-50%, I'll sell for $100/kWh)
    - Same as above for charging
    - We'd need a reliable, automatic, and ubiquitous way to grid-tie cars in almost every parking space. For sure we'd need laws at some level that require apartments to provide infrastructure for this, or it will be useless in many of the the places it's needed most.
    - The entire electric grid would need massive intelligence and operational/management upgrades to actually take advantage of it

    Unfortunately, I don't see any of that happening in the next few decades.

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